scholarly journals Addition of divinyl benzene comonomer to glycidyl methacrylate grafting to cyclic natural rubber

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012099
Author(s):  
Z Alfian ◽  
Tamrin ◽  
Eddiyanto ◽  
N Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Organic Peroxide ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Grafting Reaction ◽  
Divinyl Benzene ◽  
Internal Mixer

Abstract The process of thermally grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on cyclic natural rubber (CNR) compared to the addition of an initiator of organic peroxide, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and using cross-linker divinyl benzene (DVB) has been carried out by means of melt processing. The main aims of the modified GMA grafted to CNR was to increase the polarity of the polymer to be used as a compatibiliser agent in asphalt modification. The addition of DVB comonomer in the processing was to increase the amount of GMA implanted in cyclic rubber as measured by the degree of GMA grafting. The grafting method was carried out by melting polymer (melt processing) at high temperatures in the reactor internal mixer (Brabender model). The grafting reaction took place at a temperature of 160°C, 60 rpm rotor rotation for 10 minutes of mixing. To determine the GMA grafting reaction on cyclic rubber, characterization was carried out with Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FT-IR) while the degree of GMA grafting on natural rubber was determined by acid-base titration method in organic solvents. It was found that the GMA grafting process on cyclic natural rubber could easily occur in the melting phase at high temperatures and increase with the addition of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) peroxide. Although the addition of divinyl benzene (DVB) comonomer can increase the degree of grafting of GMA on CNR, the addition of comonomer can cause high cross-linking.

Effects of Maleated Natural Rubber on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid/Natural Rubber Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N.B. Mohammad ◽  
A. Arsad ◽  
A.R. Rahmat ◽  
N.S. Abdullah Sani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Grafting Reaction ◽  
Melt Grafting ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Compatibilization Effect ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Maleated Natural Rubber

Brittle Polylactic acid (PLA) was toughened by introducing 5-20 wt. % of Natural Rubber (NR) through melt blending in a twin screw extruder. The results of tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/NR blends were dramatically decreased. Maleic anhydride grafted natural rubber (NR-g-MA) was prepared and used to enhance the blends performance. The preparation of NR-g-MA was carried out using internal mixer by free radical melt grafting reaction followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze the incorporation of MA on the NR. The compatibilization effect on the mechanical properties of PLA/NR blends was investigated with addition of 3 phr NR-g-MA. Comparison between PLA/NR/Compatibilizer and virgin PLA/NR blends significantly improved on the mechanical properties. FTIR result confirmed grafting reaction occurred between MA and NR.

Influence of Compatibilizer on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid/Natural Rubber Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Nisa Balqis Mohammad ◽  
Agus Arsad ◽  
Abdul Razak Rahmat ◽  
Mohammad Shukor Talib ◽  
Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Grafting Reaction ◽  
Melt Grafting ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Compatibilization Effect ◽  
Internal Mixer

Derived from renewable resources, Poly (lactic) acid (PLA) exhibits good mechanical properties comparable with conventional polyolefins. However, major obstacle in PLA which may limit its application is due to brittleness. Thus, PLA requires toughening to overcome the weakness. In this study, PLA was blended with different ratio of natural rubber (0 to 20 wt.%) through melt blending in a twin screw extruder. The results of tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/NR blends were decreased. In order to enhance the blend performance, PLA grafted maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as compatibilizer. The preparation of PLA-g-MA was carried out using internal mixer by free radical melt grafting reaction followed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to confirm the grafting reaction. To investigate the compatibilization effect on the mechanical properties of PLA/NR blends, PLA-g-MA was added to the blends at various compositions (1 – 10 phr). Mechanical properties increased markedly compared to the virgin PLA/NR blends and FTIR result confirmed grafting reaction occurred between MA and PLA.

Vulcanization of natural rubber by dicumyl peroxide in the presence of sulphur

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bakule ◽  
J. Honskus ◽  
J. Nedbal ◽  
P. Zinburg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide

Aging of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates in the Presence of Dithiocarbamates

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Dunn ◽  
J. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Photochemical Aging ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Abstract The thermal and photochemical aging of extracted dicumyl peroxide-, TMTD (sulfurless)- and santocure-vulcanized rubber, in presence of a number of metal and alkylammonium dithiocarbamates, has been investigated by measurements of stress relaxation. The dithiocarbamates have a considerable protective action upon the degradation of peroxide- and TMTD-vulcanizates, but they accelerate stress decay in santocure-accelerated vulcanizates. The reasons for this behavior are discussed. It is suggested that the excellent aging properties of unextracted TMTD vulcanizates are due to the presence of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate formed during vulcanization.

scholarly journals Grafting copolymer cylic natural rubber with oleic acid using dicumyl peroxide as initiator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barita Aritonang ◽  
Tamrin ◽  
Basuki Wirjosentono ◽  
Eddiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Grafting Copolymer

Towards realistic rheological models for polymer melt processing

1997 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Feigl ◽  
Hans Christian Öttinger
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Rheological Models

Thermal Properties and Crystallisation Behaviour of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR) Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Norasmah Surip ◽  
Z.Y. Zhang ◽  
H.N. Dhakal ◽  
N.N. Bonnia ◽  
S. H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Liquid Natural Rubber ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽  
Internal Mixer

The effect of preparation technique on the crystallisation behavior and thermal properties of TPNR filled nanoclay nanocomposites was investigated. The nanocomposites were prepared via melt blending method using internal mixer (Haake 600P). Two types of nanocomposites preparation technique were employed which is method A and B. In method A, the nanoclay was pre-mixed with liquid natural rubber (LNR) before it was charged into the other materials. For method B, the nanoclay was directly charged into the molten TPNR matrix. The result shows, preparation methods were significantly affect the crystallinity and thermal properties of TPNR nanocomposites. DSC thermogram revealed that nanocomposites crystallinity was increased when prepared by method A but decreased with method B. An increment in polypropylene crystallinity was attributed by the nanoclay which is believed to be as a nucleating agent. DMA thermogram suggested that the preparation method has affected the storage modulus and tan δ but not the glass transition temperature (tg).

The Dependence of Dielectric Properties on Crosslink Density of Rubbers

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bakule ◽  
A. Havránek
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Main Transition ◽  
Macroscopic Parameters

Abstract The dielectric properties of natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprene, andpolybutadiene samples crosslinked with sulfur and of natural rubber samplescrosslinked simultaneously with sulfur and dicumyl peroxide were studied. Inthe investigated systems, the number of polar groups in unit volume and thecrosslink density may be changed independently over relatively wide ranges.The measurements were performed in the frequency range from 101 to 105 Hzat various temperatures, and macroscopic parameters describing the dielectricproperties of the samples were evaluated. The position and intensity of thedielectric dispersion peak in the main transition zone is only slightly dependenton the crosslink density of the samples. These two values are mainly influencedby the amount of combined sulfur, or more generally, by the number and thedipole moments of polar groups in the sample. The influence of crosslink densityon the width of the absorption curve is very strong; the width increases withincreasing crosslink density. The possibility of explaining this effect in termsof the dependence of the free volume distribution function on crosslink densityis discussed.

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