scholarly journals In Vitro screening of ammonia and nitrite-degrading bacteria isolated from broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) intestines and pond sediment of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
K Anwar ◽  
R Safitri ◽  
N Fajriani ◽  
Z A Gifari ◽  
I W Wariata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Pond Sediment ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Abstract The high level of ammonia and nitrite is a toxic factor for both poultry and aquaculture animals that directly lead to lower economic benefits. Thus, reducing ammonia and nitrite levels is an essential key for successful culture and is also important to reduce the amount of ammonia and nitrite released into the environment. This study aimed to screen bacteria having a capacity to degrade either ammonia or nitrite in vitro. Five bacterial strains previously isolated from broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) intestine and pond sediment of Nile Nilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study, namely IBP-1, IBP-2, IBP-3, IBP-4, and IBP-5 strains. The screenings were performed using either NH4Cl containing medium or NaNO2 containing medium to determine the ability of bacteria to reduce ammonia or nitrite respectively. The ammonia and nitrite levels were afterwards measured at the beginning (day 0: before bacterial inoculation), 24h (day 1), 48h (day 2), and 72h (day 3) after the addition of 1 ml of the bacterial suspension. The results showed that the five bacterial isolates were able to degrade the ammonia and nitrite content. The greatest reduction of ammonia was achieved by IBP-4 strain (0.00 mg/l), followed by IBP-5 strain (0.04 mg/l), IBP-1 strain (0.05 mg/l), IBP-3 strain (0.14 mg/l) and IBP-2 strain (0.19 mg/l). IBP-1 and IBP-2 strains showed the highest reduction of nitrite levels with values of 0.01 mg/l and 0.02 mg/l after 72h of bacterial inoculation. These results suggest that the five bacterial strains are potentially used for degrading toxic ammonia and nitrite.

scholarly journals Effect of Frozen Storage on the Water- Holding Capacity and pH of Broiler Chicken cut-up Parts (Gallus gallus domesticus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Arjun Ghimire ◽  
Pawan Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Holding

Broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were collected from local chicken suppliers of Dharan (26.8065° N, 87.2846° E), Nepal, and slaughtered to prepare the cut-up parts (breast, drumstick, dorso, wings, and thigh). They were vacuum packed in polythene bags and frozen stored (-21.5 ±3.5ºC) for 45 days to study the effect of frozen storage on the water holding capacity (WHC) of meat. Cooking loss, drip loss, and pH changes were analyzed at 5 days intervals during storage and the data were analyzed using Genstat® v 12.1.The cut-up parts showed a significant change (p<0.05) in pH, cooking loss, and drip loss during 45 days of frozen storage. The pH decreased while the drip loss and the cooking loss increased gradually upon storage. The pH was found to be varied among the cut-up parts with a minimum pH scale of 5.25 for wings, followed by 5.3 for thigh, at the end. The highest drip loss of 6.11% was observed in wings after 5 days of storage which ended up to 8.97% after 45 days of frozen storage while drumstick and thigh samples showed significantly lower drip loss of 6.02%, and 5.43% respectively. The change in cooking loss showed a similar pattern as that of drip loss with a significantly higher value of 37.36% in the breast while it showed no significant difference in drumstick, dorso, and thigh meat. Thus, the study reveals that freezing of broiler chicken meats for a prolonged period adversely affects the WHC of meat

scholarly journals Avaliação da viabilidade espermática de sêmen caprino criopreservado em meio ACP-101c e TRIS acrescido de gema de ovo de Numida meleagris

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e265101422064
Author(s):  
Laércio Fontinele Bandeira de Macêdo ◽  
Letícia Soares de Araújo Teixeira ◽  
Wcleuden Matias Nascimento ◽  
Clarissa de Castro e Braga ◽  
Kenney de Paiva Porfírio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Em 12

Um meio diluente ideal para a criopreservação seminal deve suprir as células espermáticas com energia, proteção e manutenção de um ambiente adequado à sua sobrevivência. Objetivou-se avaliar a integridade in vitro do sêmen caprino criopreservado em meio ACP-101c® associado à gema de ovo de Numida meleagris, por meio de duas técnicas de análise individual da célula espermática. Foram colhidos 15 ejaculados de cinco caprinos, com auxílio de uma vagina artificial. Os ejaculados foram reunidos em um pool, e dividido em 12 grupos, sendo dois grupos controles: GC1 TRIS, com adição 2,5% da gema de ovo de Gallus gallus domesticus GOGD, GC2 ACP-101c®, com  adição 2,5% da gema de ovo de Gallus gallus domesticus GOGD e dez grupos experimentais GE, contendo a adição da gema de ovo de Numida meleagris. Seguidamente, as alíquotas foram envasadas em palhetas francesas de 0,25 mL e congeladas com auxílio do aparelho TK3000® e armazenadas em nitrogênio líquido. Amostras foram descongeladas após sete dias e avaliadas quanto à integridade do DNA e quanto a sua ultraestrutura individual, por meio do teste cometa e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, respectivamente. Nos resultados obtidos pelo teste cometa, não foi evidenciado diferença estatística quanto ao comprimento da cauda, entre os grupos TRIS acrescido de GONM, nas concentrações de 2,5%, 5% e 10% em relação ao grupo controle TRIS 2,5% de GOGD. Também não houve diferença estatística quanto ao percentual de fragmentação de DNA na cauda, nos grupos TRIS com 2,5%; 5%; e 20% de GONM em comparação ao grupo controle TRIS 2,5% GOGD (P>0,05). Os grupos ACP® com 10%, 15% e 20% de GONM apresentaram maior comprimento de cauda quando comparados aos grupos ACP com 2,5% e 5% de GONM e grupo controle (ACP® 2,5% de GOGD). Na análise ultraestrutural o grupo ACP® com 10% de GONM, destacou-se com melhor integridade celular frente aos demais grupos, inclusive, frente às amostras avaliadas do grupo controle. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a gema de ovo de Numida meleagris, como crioprotetor externo de membrana, acrescida aos diluentes ACP-101c® ou TRIS, pode reduzir os danos causados durante o processo de criopreservação do sêmen caprino.

scholarly journals Kolagen dari Limbah Tulang Ayam (Gallus gallus domesticus) terhadap Aktivitas Anti Aging secara In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Eka Budiarti ◽  
Perlambang Budiarti ◽  
Manggar Arum Aristri ◽  
Irmanida Batubara
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Chicken Bone ◽  
Aging Property ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitors

<p>Limbah tulang ayam meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsumsi ayam. Namun, belum banyak penelitian yang memanfaatkan limbah tulang sebagai sumber kolagen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ukuran kolagen terhadap aktivitas anti aging berupa aktivitas antioksidan, antiglikasi, dan inhibitor tirosinase  secara <em>in vitro</em> dan mendapatkan teknik isolasi kolagen <em>anti aging</em> optimum dari tulang ayam. Isolasi kolagen dilakukan dengan variasi  konsentrasi NaOH, yaitu 0,05 M; 0,10 M; dan 0,20 M, dilanjutkan dengan perendaman menggunakan asam asetat 1 M. Kolagen yang diisolasi dengan NaOH 0,10 M merupakan kolagen dengan ukuran partikel, rendemen, dan antiglikasi terbesar (berturut-turut 2,34 µm, 12,59%, 61,06%) dan memiliki spektrum inframerah yang paling sesuai dengan kolagen standar. Kolagen ini kemudian diaduk dengan kecepatan 1000 rpm selama 6 dan 8 jam untuk pengecilan ukuran. Kolagen dengan pengadukan 6 jam mempunyai ukuran partikel lebih kecil (1,34 µm) dibandingkan dengan pengadukan 8 jam (1,80 µm). Kolagen dengan ukuran 1,34 µm menunjukkan aktivitas terbaik yaitu aktivitas antioksidan terhadap 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) sebesar 24,70% dan inhibitor tirosinase sebesar 26,77%. Berdasarkan aktivitas antioksidan, antiglikasi, dan antitirosinase, kolagen dengan perendaman NaOH 0,10 M dan pengadukan selama 6 jam memiliki sifat anti aging yang paling baik.</p><p><strong><strong>In Vitro Anti-Aging Activity of Chicken (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>) Bone Waste Collagen</strong>. </strong>Chicken bone waste increases with increasing chicken compsumtion. However, study on utilizing chicken bone for collagen source has not been widely explored. This study aims to determine the effect of collagen size on their anti aging activity, and to obtain the optimum condition to produce the chicken (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>) collagen in the high yield and the best activity. Collagen isolation was carried out in various NaOH concentrations of 0.05 M, 0.10 M, and 0.20 M, followed by the maceration on acetic acid 1 M. The isolation in NaOH 0.10 M produced the collagen with particle size of 2.34 µm in yield of 12.59% and anti-glycation of 61.06%. The revealed infrared spectrum of the isolated collagen is almost the same with the spectrum of the standart collagen. The collagen in 2.34 µm was further stirred at a 1000 rpm for 6 and 8 hours to reduce the size. Collagen stirred in 6 hours has a smaller particle size (1.34 µm) compared with that of stirred in 8 hours which has a particle size of 1.80 µm. The collagen with size of 1.34 µm showed the best activity, which revealed the antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of 24.70% and tyrosinase inhibitors of 26.77%. Based on antioxidant activity, anti-glycation, and anti-tyrosinase, the collagen which was isolated in 0.10 M NaOH and was stirred in 6 hours has the best anti-aging property.</p>

scholarly journals EFICÁCIA IN VITRO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE CAPIM-LIMÃO (Cymbopogon flexuosus STEUD. WATS.) FRENTE A BACTÉRIAS ENTÉRICAS DE ORIGEM AVÍCOLA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Lorena Azevedo ◽  
Anna Christina de Almeida ◽  
Ernane Ronie Martins ◽  
Wedson Carlos Lima Nogueira ◽  
Daniel Emygdio de Faria Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus

O uso de antimicrobianos como melhoradores de desempenho tem representado um risco à saúde pública devido à associação destes com o surgimento de resistência bacteriana e resíduos nos produtos. Como alternativa, pesquisas têm indicado a utilização de aditivos alimentares naturais, como o óleo essencial de capimlimão. Objetivou-se neste artigo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de capim-limão (Cymbopogon flexuosus) frente a Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli entéricas isoladas de aves de postura (Gallus gallus domesticus). Foram preparadas cinco concentrações do óleo essencial (160; 80; 40; 20 e 10 µL mL-1) e então realizados testes in vitro de difusão em disco e determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e da Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Os resultados indicaram que a concentração de 160 µL mL-1 propiciou os maiores diâmetros de halos de inibição na difusão em disco, diferindo-se estatisticamente das demais concentrações (p < 0,05). Houve efeito inibitório (CIM) a partir da concentração de 80 µL mL-1 de óleo para todas as bactérias mas a CBM não foi detectada. Conclui-se que o óleo essencial de capim-limão apresenta atividade antimicrobiana in vitro frente a S. aureus e E. coli isoladas de aves na concentração de 160 µL mL-1. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliar a eficácia do uso de doses superiores e indicar esse óleo como aditivo em dietas de aves.

scholarly journals Cadmium affects the development of somites in chick embryos ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) under in vitro conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira KAZEMI ◽  
Naser MAHDAVI-SHAHRI ◽  
Roya LARI ◽  
Fatemeh Behnam RASSOULI
Keyword(s):  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus
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