Scrap Metal Reduction as the Effect of Combustor Upgrade in GTG 1.3 PLTGU Muara Karang

At steel production based on scrap metal utilization, the scrap heating before charging into a melting facility is an important way of energy efficiency increase and ecological parameters improving. In winter time scrap metal charging with ice inclusions into a metal melt can result in a considerable damage of equipment and even accidents. Therefore, scrap preliminary drying is necessary to provide industrial safety. It was shown, that in countries with warm and low-snow climate with no risk of scrap metal icing up during its transportation and storing in the open air, the basic task being solved at the scrap drying is an increase of energy efficiency of steelmaking. InRussiathe scrap metal drying first of all provides the safety of the process and next - energy saving. Existing technologies of scrap metal drying and heating considered, as well as advantages and drawbacks of technical solutions used at Russian steel plants. In winter time during scrap metal heating at conveyers (Consteel process) hot gases penetrate not effectively into its mass, the heat is not enough for evaporation of wetness in the metal charge. At scrap heating by the furnace gases, a problem of dioxines emissions elimination arises. Application of shaft heaters results in high efficiency of scrap heating. However, under conditions of Russian winter the upper scrap layers are not always heated higher 0 °С and after getting into a furnace bath the upper scrap layers cause periodical vapor explosions. The shaft heaters create optimal conditions for dioxines formation, which emit into atmosphere. It was shown, that accounting Russian economic and nature conditions, the metal charge drying and heating in modified charging buckets by the heat of burnt natural gas or other additional fuel is optimal. The proposed technical solution enables to burnt off organic impurities ecologically safely, to melt down ice, to evaporate the wetness in the scrap as well as to heat the charge as enough as the charging logistics enables it. The method was implemented at several Russian steel plants. Technical and economical indices of scrap metal drying in buckets under conditions of EAF-based shop, containing two furnaces ДСП-100, presented.

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254. Exposure to Metal Fumes During Scrap Metal Recycling

10.3320/1.2758715 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

M. Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Scrap Metal ◽

Metal Recycling

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Room Temperature Alkali Metal Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

10.26434/chemrxiv.12665336 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lucas A. Freeman ◽

Akachukwu D. Obi ◽

Haleigh R. Machost ◽

Andrew Molino ◽

Asa W. Nichols ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkali Metal ◽

Alkali Metals ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Bond Cleavage ◽

Open Shell ◽

Metal Reduction ◽

One Pot ◽

Earth Abundant ◽

Electron Reduction

The reduction of the relatively inert carbon–oxygen bonds of CO2 to access useful CO2-derived organic products is one of the most important fundamental challenges in synthetic chemistry. Facilitating this bond-cleavage using earth-abundant, non-toxic main group elements (MGEs) is especially arduous because of the difficulty in achieving strong inner-sphere interactions between CO2 and the MGE. Herein we report the first successful chemical reduction of CO2 at room temperature by alkali metals, promoted by a cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC). One-electron reduction of CAAC-CO2 adduct (1) with lithium, sodium or potassium metal yields stable monoanionic radicals clusters [M(CAAC–CO2)]n(M = Li, Na, K, 2-4) and two-electron alkali metal reduction affords open-shell, dianionic clusters of the general formula [M2(CAAC–CO2)]n (5-8). It is notable that these crystalline clusters of reduced CO2 may also be isolated via the “one-pot” reaction of free CO2 with free CAAC followed by the addition of alkali metals – a reductive process which does not occur in the absence of carbene. Each of the products 2-8 were investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods.

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Crane failure kills worker at scrap metal recycling yard.

10.26616/nioshsface05nj099 ◽

2009 ◽

Keyword(s):

Scrap Metal ◽

Metal Recycling

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Genome of Geobacter sulfurreducens: metal reduction in subsurface environments.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1016770.201268 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Edward Stiefel

Keyword(s):

Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽

Metal Reduction ◽

Subsurface Environments

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A kinetic approach to the dependence of dissimilatory metal reduction byShewanella oneidensisMR-1 on the outer membrane cytochromescOmcA and OmcB

FEBS Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05907.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 274 (14) ◽

pp. 3728-3738 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Jimmy Borloo ◽

Bjorn Vergauwen ◽

Lina De Smet ◽

Ann Brigé ◽

Bart Motte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outer Membrane ◽

Kinetic Approach ◽

Metal Reduction ◽

Dissimilatory Metal Reduction

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Imposed Environmental Stresses Facilitate Cell-Free Nanoparticle Formation by Deinococcus radiodurans

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00798-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (18) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Angela Chen ◽

Lydia M. Contreras ◽

Benjamin K. Keitz

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Environmental Remediation ◽

Deinococcus Radiodurans ◽

Environmental Stresses ◽

Pure Gold ◽

Metal Reduction ◽

Content Type ◽

Nanoparticle Production ◽

Nanoparticle Formation

ABSTRACT The biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles has been examined in a wide range of organisms, due to increased interest in green synthesis and environmental remediation applications involving heavy metal ion contamination. Deinococcus radiodurans is particularly attractive for environmental remediation involving metal reduction, due to its high levels of resistance to radiation and other environmental stresses. However, few studies have thoroughly examined the relationships between environmental stresses and the resulting effects on nanoparticle biosynthesis. In this work, we demonstrate cell-free nanoparticle production and study the effects of metal stressor concentrations and identity, temperature, pH, and oxygenation on the production of extracellular silver nanoparticles by D. radiodurans R1. We also report the synthesis of bimetallic silver and gold nanoparticles following the addition of a metal stressor (silver or gold), highlighting how production of these particles is enabled through the application of environmental stresses. Additionally, we found that both the morphology and size of monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles were dependent on the environmental stresses imposed on the cells. The nanoparticles produced by D. radiodurans exhibited antimicrobial activity comparable to that of pure silver nanoparticles and displayed catalytic activity comparable to that of pure gold nanoparticles. Overall, we demonstrate that biosynthesized nanoparticle properties can be partially controlled through the tuning of applied environmental stresses, and we provide insight into how their application may affect nanoparticle production in D. radiodurans during bioremediation. IMPORTANCE Biosynthetic production of nanoparticles has recently gained prominence as a solution to rising concerns regarding increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics and a desire for environmentally friendly methods of bioremediation and chemical synthesis. To date, a range of organisms have been utilized for nanoparticle formation. The extremophile D. radiodurans, which can withstand significant environmental stresses and therefore is more robust for metal reduction applications, has yet to be exploited for this purpose. Thus, this work improves our understanding of the impact of environmental stresses on biogenic nanoparticle morphology and composition during metal reduction processes in this organism. This work also contributes to enhancing the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with specific attributes and functions using biological systems.

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Allied High Commission for Germany

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300015988 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 825-832

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Foreign Minister ◽

The United States ◽

Scrap Metal ◽

German Federal Republic ◽

The North ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Contractual Agreements

With the development of certain administrative frictions (concerning coal quotas, occupation costs, and the scrap metal treaty) between the western occupying powers and the German Federal Republic, early indications were that if the talk of “contractual agreements” did materialize it would reserve, for the occupying powers, wide controls over important areas of west Germany's internal and external affairs. In Washington, however, a general modification of approach was noted during the September discussions between the United States Secretary of State (Acheson), the United Kingdom Foreign Secretary (Morrison), and the French Foreign Minister (Schuman), preparatory to the Ottawa meetings of the North Atlantic Council.

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