scholarly journals Inorganic flame retardants’ efficacy of Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide in the combustion rate of intermediate Calamagrostis from Ecuador’ Moorlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 1173 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
M Córdova-Suárez ◽  
E M Barreno-Avila ◽  
D S Pozo-Álvarez ◽  
J C Córdova-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardants

Application of Flame Retardants Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide in a Material Composed of Glass Fiber with Polymeric Matrix and its Influence on the Flammability Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Cristian Perez-Salinas ◽  
Cristian Castro ◽  
Gustavo Patin ◽  
Francisco Peña ◽  
David Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Flammability Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Performance And Evaluation

Nowadays, the fire behavior of polymer composite materials is a concern in automotive applications. Due to the flammability of this type of compounds, the present study focused on analyzing the influence of the flame retardants of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide on the flammability index. A DOE was carried out using a complete factorial design using two categorical variables (type of resin and type of retardant at two levels) and one quantitative variable (volumetric percentage of the retarder for 3 levels). Twelve combinations of composite material were manually conformed maintaining the general volumetric fraction (30% reinforcement, 70% polymer matrix). Percentages of retardants (3.6 and 9%) were part of the volumetric composition of the matrix. The performance and evaluation of the flammability test was carried out under ISO 3795: 1989 and FMVSS 302. In addition, the average temperature inside the test chamber was measured to observe its behavior during combustion. The results showed that the flammability index was significantly reduced with the use of polyester resin with retarder aluminum hydroxide at any percentage and the highest temperature inside the chamber was produced by the combustion of the epoxy resin with 9% retardant of flame.

Flame Retardant Polyamide 6 Composites Using NMH or NMH/MCA/APP

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 1208-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shen ◽  
Shao Guo Wen ◽  
Ji Hu Wang ◽  
Hong Bo Liu ◽  
Hai Liang Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In this paper, flame retardant Polyamide 6 (PA6) composites were prepared by nano-magnesium hydroxide (NMH) or its composites with melamine cyanurate(MCA) and ammonium polyphosphate(APP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the structure of nano-magnesium hydroxide. The properties including tensile properties, molten index (MFI), rockwell hardness and density of flame retardant PA6 were analyzed. Orthogonal experiments were used to study flame retardancy of PA6 with NMH, MCA and APP. The results showed NMH had hexagonal orthorhombic crystal structure with size of 300×200×100nm. Density of polyamide 6 showed an upward trend when the content of NMH was increasing, the mechanical properties and hardness changed little while processing performance serious declined. The flame retardance of nitrogen-phosphorus -inorganic flame retardants was not desirable.

Infrared Analysis on Pyrolysis Products of Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 900-906
Author(s):  
Ze Jiang Zhang ◽  
Li Jun Li ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Zi Qiong Gan
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Antimony Trioxide ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Flame Retarded

Infrared spectra of the pyrolysis gases of polyurethane foam flame retarded by MPOP, MP, MC, magnesium hydroxide, or antimony trioxide flame retardants was analyzed online by FTIR method. At 600°C, the polyurethane foam flame retarded by MPOP, MP, MC, magnesium hydroxide or antimony trioxide flame retardants released more hydrogen cyanide than the pure polyurethane foam, proved that the MPOP, MP, MC and magnesium hydroxide flame retardants could change the law that the polyurethane released hydrogen cyanide. At 600 °C, the peak of C=O stretching vibration at 1730cm-1did not appear for the flame-retardant polyurethane, indicating that the flame retardants can make the polyurethane rapidly carbonize and the fewer C=O intermediate was produced. The absorbent peaks of the fire-retardant samples at 1604cm-1, 1538 cm-1, 1250 to 1230 cm-1and 1450cm-1implied that the flame retardants could delay the oxidative decomposition of the polyurethane component at 600 °C, so that more components may be carbonized. When increasing the pyrolysis temperature, the perlite would make polyurethane foam release fewer hydrogen cyanide.

scholarly journals Effects of Flame Retardants Additives on the Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Raed Ma'ali
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Flame Resistance

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has many unique properties such as lightweight and high chemical resistance. Unfortunately, it burns rapidly when it is exposed to a flame which limits its applications especially when flame resistance is to be considered. Different percentages of magnesium hydroxide and decabromide diphenyl ether (3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 wt.%) were mixed with LDPE using a two-roll mill machine at 1600C for 2 minutes. Then, the tensile and flame retardancy tests samples were prepared by an injection molding process using an industrial plastic machine at 1600C. Flammability, rheological, tensile and thermal properties of the produced samples were tested using a flammability test apparatus, a melt flow index machine, a universal testing machine, and a differential scanning calorimeter, respectively. It was observed that the flame resistance of LDPE was improved with the addition of both flame retardants up to 7.0 wt.%, then it was reduced when 9.0 wt.% of flame retardants were used. This may be attributed to the poor mixing due to the increase in the polymer melt viscosity as observed from the melt flow index results. An increase in elastic modulus and a reduction in ductility of LDPE were observed with the increasing of flame-retardant contents while the ultimate tensile strength of LDPE was increased from 5.7 to 7.6 and 7.5 MPa when 9.0 wt.% and 7.0wt.% decabromide diphenyl ether and magnesium hydroxide were added. This is due to the fact that the additives act as a load carried and/or their effects on the degree of crystallinity of LDPE.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the acid-neutralizing capacity and other properties of antacids marketed in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafout ◽  
Hicham Elhorr ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽  
Youssef Khayati
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Result Interpretation

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) and other properties of antacid drugs marketed in Morocco. Methods. Samples of 12 antacids were collected from pharmacies and were subjected to the test described in the US Pharmacopoeia in order to measure their ANC. Other properties such as price and sodium content were also studied.   Results. All the tested brands met the minimal requirement of 5 mEq. However, Aluminum hydroxide/Magnesium hydroxide combinations showed a superior acid-neutralizing capacity over other products and oral suspensions showed better results compared to other pharmaceutical forms. Regarding the cost of antacids, Aluminum hydroxide/Magnesium hydroxide combinations and calcium carbonate/magnesium carbonate combinations showed the most favorable ANC/price ratio. Some of the antacids studied contain a high amount of sodium. Conclusion. All the antacids marketed in Morocco meet the USP requirement regarding their ANC. However, the ANC value should be included in the antacids’ labels so that both patients and physicians can choose the most appropriate product. The ANC value should be evaluated according to the dose of the active substance instead of the minimum labeled dosage in order to allow a better result interpretation.  

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