scholarly journals Architectural Wayfinding Design as a Means of Communication in Environmental Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032003
Author(s):  
Georgia Cheirchanteri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Environmental Communication ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Environmental Space ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Abstract From prehistoric times, Signage was a means of visual communication helping people reaching out different environments (internal or external). Long before paper’s invention, humans made marks on objects, such as cave walls, in the surrounding environment, for their communication. As cities grew and mobility increased, making the built environment more complex, people requirements for better information concerning spatial perception and navigation, also grew. Thus, the necessity of proactive, systematically planned, visual unified signage and wayfinding programs have been emerged. Wayfinding is how people get from one location to another, including their information-gathering and decision-making processes for orientation and movement through space. Wayfinding design builds on research in cognition and environmental psychology to design built spaces and products that facilitate the movement of people through urban settings and individual buildings. Despite its demonstrated importance to building use, costs, and safety, wayfinding receives less than its due in planning, research and building evaluation. The aim of this study is to provide a “clear” reading of the environmental space and city’s routes to the users, through architectural wayfindig design. Also, architectural wayfinding design addresses built components, including spatial planning, articulation of form-giving features, circulation systems and environmental communication.

scholarly journals Mapping Urban Resilience for Spatial Planning—A First Attempt to Measure the Vulnerability of the System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Brunetta ◽  
Stefano Salata
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Planning Decision

The concept of ‘resilience’ breaks down silos by providing a ‘conceptual umbrella’ under which different disciplines come together to tackle complex problems with more holistic interventions. Acknowledging the complexity of Davoudi’s approach (2012) means to recognize that ‘spatial resilience’ is influenced by many phenomena that are difficult to measure: the adaptation and transformation of a co-evolutive system. This paper introduces a pioneering approach that is propaedeutic to the spatial measure of urban resilience assuming that it is possible to define a system as being intrinsically vulnerable to stress and shocks and minimally resilient, as described by Folke in 2006. In this sense, vulnerability is counterpoised to resilience, even if they act simultaneously: the first includes the exposure to a specific hazard, whereas the second emerges from the characteristics of a complex socio-ecological and technical system. Here we present a Geographic Information System-based vulnerability matrix performed in ESRI ArcGIS 10.6 environment as an output of the spatial interaction between sensitivities, shocks, and linear pressures of the urban system. The vulnerability is the first step of measuring the resilience of the system by a semi-quantitative approach. The spatial interaction of these measures is useful to define the interventions essential to designing and building the adaptation of the built environment by planning governance. Results demonstrate how mapping resilience aids the spatial planning decision-making processes, indicating where and what interventions are necessary to adapt and transform the system.

Editorial

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Architecture And Environment

Open House International (OHI) has come a long way towards its recent accreditation as one of the leading academic journals in the field of Architecture and Environment. The journal has a focus on decision-making processes, which enable the various disciplines dealing with built environment to understand the dynamics of development and housing and so contribute more effectively to it.

scholarly journals Enabling Relationships with Nature in Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Colding ◽  
Matteo Giusti ◽  
Andreas Haga ◽  
Marita Wallhagen ◽  
Stephan Barthel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Environmental Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Limited exposure to direct nature experiences is a worrying sign of urbanization, particularly for children. Experiencing nature during childhood shapes aspects of a personal relationship with nature, crucial for sustainable decision-making processes in adulthood. Scholars often stress the need to ‘reconnect’ urban dwellers with nature; however, few elaborate on how this can be achieved. Here, we argue that nature reconnection requires urban ecosystems, with a capacity to enable environmental learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains, i.e., learning that occurs in the head, heart and hands of individuals. Drawing on environmental psychology, urban ecology, institutional analysis and urban planning, we present a theoretical framework for Human–Nature Connection (HNC), discuss the importance of nurturing HNC for children, elaborate on the role of property-rights and the importance of creating collective action arenas in cities for the promotion of urban resilience building. As values and environmental preconceptions underly environmental behavior, there are limits to achieving HNC in cities, as presumptive sentiments toward nature not always are positive. We end by discussing the role of new digital technologies in relation to HNC, and conclude by summarizing the major points brought forward herein, offering policy recommendations for HNC as a resilience strategy that can be adopted in cities throughout the world.

Information Technology and Surveillance

2011 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Akhlaque Haque
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Patriot Act ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Choice Approach

The Patriot Act of 2001 has introduced significant legislative changes impacting how public managers collect, disseminate, and evaluate information for decision making. The chapter describes the theoretical underpinnings of information gathering and decision making and argues that more information gathering and subsequent use of sophisticated information gathering tools serves as an important myth promoting greater legitimacy and confidence in the government’s ability to provide security to the citizens. The chapter suggests that the rational choice approach to security is limited in its ability to evaluate values that are embedded into the decision making processes. However, being cognizant of the nonrational rulings placed on technology-based policy initiatives, public managers can be guided toward “responsible values” to avoid the dark path of control, surveillance, and the loss of freedom.

scholarly journals Too Old for Recreation? How Friendly Are Urban Parks for Elderly People?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Diana Andreea Onose ◽  
Ioan Cristian Iojă ◽  
Mihai Răzvan Niță ◽  
Gabriel Ovidiu Vânău ◽  
Ana Maria Popa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Important Target ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Urbanization and ageing are the two main processes currently shaping the social environment worldwide. In this context, creating senior friendly cities should be an important target, especially in developed countries, which have the highest rates of population over 60 years old. Our study focuses on the use of urban parks and aims to analyze how friendly their planning, design, and use are for elderly people. We used field observation carried out in four case study parks in Bucharest (Romania) to assess the spatial planning and design of urban parks, and to identify the environmental problems. We applied a total of 5752 questionnaires (16% to elderly people) in the majority of Bucharest’s parks in order to analyze the behavior and perception of seniors in contrast with that of the general population. The analysis highlighted the lack of endowments especially planned or designed for seniors and the multiple problems deriving from their interaction with other visitor groups which make them feel disrespected or unsafe. Our study highlights the need for including the needs, demands, and desires of elderly people in decision making processes, with the aim of creating inclusive and senior friendly parks.

scholarly journals The Use of PPGIS: Towards Reaching a Meaningful Public Participation in Spatial Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Edyta Bąkowska-Waldmann ◽  
Tomasz Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

Together with technological innovations and the development of a digital society, PPGIS approaches have been rapidly growing popular in the last years, in Poland’s local administration. Local governments take significant interest in online tools; however the principles of public participation, which, in fact, should also be applied to e-consultations, are still missing. One of the assumed roles of PPGIS is to support public participation—not just in terms of the number of stakeholders, but especially in terms of the impact on decision making. The present paper discusses the results of investigations into two decision-making processes, regarding local spatial planning in the Poznań agglomeration, Poland, conducted in 2015–2021. Its aim is to verify the hypothesis that the use of PPGIS facilitates more meaningful involvement of citizens in spatial planning. As a result of the case study analysis, in-depth interviews with local authorities and officials, and analysis of the planning documents and the role of PPGIS in public participation in decision making, was investigated. It was shown that in both processes there was no direct participation of society in decision making. However, the use of PPGIS, according to local authorities, had implications in the context of the wider process of local governance.

scholarly journals Application of Analytic Databases to Support Decision Making in Structural Engineering / Zastosowanie Analitycznych Baz Danych Przy Podejmowaniu Decyzji W Obszarze Budownictwa Ladowego

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
J. Szelka ◽  
Z. Wrona
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Transactional Databases ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Multidimensional Information ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Engineering Projects ◽  
Support Decision Making

Abstract Complex structural engineering projects that involve information-gathering and decision-making processes need to be approached with appropriate systems and tools. As transactional databases are found to be insufficient for this purpose, engineers are adopting multidimensional information systems that have been successfully used in other areas of management, especially business

Cognitive Processing of Miscommunication in Interactive Listening: An Evaluation of Listener Indecision and Cognitive Effort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Roche ◽  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
Laura M. Morett
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Computer Mouse Tracking ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Processing Effort

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.

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