A Model Proposal for Local Governments to Increase Citizen Involvement in the Age of Information Society and E-Government

Crowdsourcing is a form of citizen participation in which an institution has a question submits to citizens via the internet in order to get citizens to think about innovative solutions to the problem. Several municipalities around the world have already used this means, but it has not yet been clear exactly how they can use it and which preconditions play a role in this. Thus, this chapter argued the concept of citizen involvement in the age of ICT by emphasizing the two related terms e-government and e-local government, then secondly the chapter underlined the importance of the necessity of citizen participation in the policymaking process. In the third section of this chapter, it has been argued the crowdsourcing concept as a tool of participation in the age of ICT. Then finally the paper outlined a model for local governments that may use the crowdsourcing approach in the decision-making process.

Evaluasi program sosialisasi vaksinasi covid-19 melalui media sosial

One of the evaluation parameters that can measure the effectiveness of socialization programs through social media is citizen engagement, namely public involvement in important or essential problems on social media. This evaluation was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccination socialization program through social media. The object of the evaluation is the netizen conversations on Twitter in the form of messages, statuses, or tweets that mention the keyword 'COVID-19 Vaccine' on social media. The effectiveness criteria of the socialization program were based on the citizen engagement index or the citizen involvement index which is examined from the netizen opinions on sentiment (positive/negative) and emotion (trust/fear) indicators. The evaluation results show that the socialization program has succeeded in increasing positive sentiment and emotions of trust. Positive sentiment was shown by netizens' opinions, which were dominated by posts that supported and accepted the vaccination program. Emotion of trust was dominated by the trust and acceptance posts. This finding, when confirmed with facts in the community, indicates a conformity. The public has supported, approved, trusted and accepted the Covid-19 vaccination.Salah satu parameter evaluasi yang dapat mengukur keefektifan program sosialisasi melalui media sosial adalah citizen engagement, yaitu keterlibatan publik terhadap suatu problematika penting atau yang dianggap penting di media sosial. Evaluasi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis keefektifan program sosialisasi vaksinasi Covid-19 melalui media sosial. Objek evaluasi adalah percakapan warganet di Twitter baik berupa pesan, status, maupun tweet yang menyebutkan kata kunci ‘Vaksin COVID-19’ di media sosial. Kriteria keefektifan program sosialisasi mengacu kepada citizen engagement index atau indeks keterlibatan warganet yang dianalisis dari opini warganet pada indikator sentimen (positif/negative) dan emosi (trust/fear). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan Program sosialisasi berhasil meningkatkan sentiment positif dan emosi trust. Sentimen positif ditunjukkan opini warganet yang didominasi unggahan mendukung dan menyetujui vaksinasi. Emosi trust, didominasi oleh unggahan rasa percaya dan menerima. Temuan ini apabila dikonfirmasi dengan fakta di masyarakat, mengindikasikan adanya kesesuaian. Masyarakat telah mendukung, menyetujui, percaya, dan menerima vaksinasi Covid-19.

Constituent power, citizenship, and the European Union

<p>The European Union (EU) has undergone constant political and economic integration since its inception in 1952. It has developed from a community in the aftermath of World War Two, into a Union of diverse states with its own political and legal system. It is the best example of international integration and co-operation in the world. A number of treaties represent the primary law of the EU. The treaties represent the EU’s commitment to promote human rights, freedom, democracy, equality, and the rule of law. The Treaty of Lisbon¹ was introduced and adopted by the Member States to increase participatory democracy within the EU. Originally called the Reform Treaty, it amended the existing EU and EC treaties, providing the EU with the legal framework to meet the future challenges and to respond to the increasing demands of the citizens’ for a more transparent and open institution. The European Parliament is the only directly elected institution of the EU, and traditionally had the least amount of power of the EU institutions. The Lisbon Treaty attempted to address the so-called democratic deficit through a range of institutional reforms that recognised the importance of European citizen involvement in the EU. Citizen involvement in the EU has also been increased through the implementation of the European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI). The ECI represents a further step towards the EU becoming a true participatory democracy. This purpose of this paper is to critically assess the democratic involvement of European citizens in the operation of the EU, and how the constitutional foundation of the EU provides for this involvement. The paper will seek to answer to what extent European Citizens’ have the ability to affect real and meaningful change upon the EU, a power that currently sits with the governments of Member States. Democracy is often associated with the power of the citizens to affect change in the institutions that govern them. The theory of constituent power goes one step further and argues that it gives citizens the ability to alter not only the governing institutions, but the also the power that those institutions exercise. This begins with an introduction of the main institutions of the EU, before moving to discuss the theory of constituent power, before assessing what factors would be necessary for constitutent power to be successful in the EU. ¹ Official Journal of the European Union 2007 No C 306/1 (herein after referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon). Adopted 2008, entered into force 1 December 2009.</p>

Constituent power, citizenship, and the European Union

<p>The European Union (EU) has undergone constant political and economic integration since its inception in 1952. It has developed from a community in the aftermath of World War Two, into a Union of diverse states with its own political and legal system. It is the best example of international integration and co-operation in the world. A number of treaties represent the primary law of the EU. The treaties represent the EU’s commitment to promote human rights, freedom, democracy, equality, and the rule of law. The Treaty of Lisbon¹ was introduced and adopted by the Member States to increase participatory democracy within the EU. Originally called the Reform Treaty, it amended the existing EU and EC treaties, providing the EU with the legal framework to meet the future challenges and to respond to the increasing demands of the citizens’ for a more transparent and open institution. The European Parliament is the only directly elected institution of the EU, and traditionally had the least amount of power of the EU institutions. The Lisbon Treaty attempted to address the so-called democratic deficit through a range of institutional reforms that recognised the importance of European citizen involvement in the EU. Citizen involvement in the EU has also been increased through the implementation of the European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI). The ECI represents a further step towards the EU becoming a true participatory democracy. This purpose of this paper is to critically assess the democratic involvement of European citizens in the operation of the EU, and how the constitutional foundation of the EU provides for this involvement. The paper will seek to answer to what extent European Citizens’ have the ability to affect real and meaningful change upon the EU, a power that currently sits with the governments of Member States. Democracy is often associated with the power of the citizens to affect change in the institutions that govern them. The theory of constituent power goes one step further and argues that it gives citizens the ability to alter not only the governing institutions, but the also the power that those institutions exercise. This begins with an introduction of the main institutions of the EU, before moving to discuss the theory of constituent power, before assessing what factors would be necessary for constitutent power to be successful in the EU. ¹ Official Journal of the European Union 2007 No C 306/1 (herein after referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon). Adopted 2008, entered into force 1 December 2009.</p>

"SEEKING PERFORMANCE-BASED ACCOUNTABILITY IN ITALIAN PUBLIC HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS"

"Using content and cluster analysis and considering a time span of five years, this study examines the adoption and compliance level of Performance-Based Accountability (PBA) in the Italian Local Healthcare Authorities (LHAs) under the Legislative Decree no. 150/2009. The results showed a barely sufficient level of PBA compliance. Higher levels of citizen involvement in PBA processes, the commitment of Regions, and integration with other accountability systems are three conditions for improving the effectiveness and usefulness for stakeholders of this NPM reform for LHAs."

Involving older adults in technology research and development discussions through dialogue cafés

Background Citizen involvement is important for ensuring the relevance and quality of many research and innovation efforts. Literature shows that inadequate citizen involvement poses an obstacle during the research, development, and implementation of assistive technology. Previous studies have addressed the advantages and disadvantages of citizen engagement in health research and technology development, and there is concern about how to ensure valuable engagement to avoid situations where they don’t have influence. Frail older adults are often excluded from being active partners in research projects. The overall objective of this commentary is to describe a case where dialogue cafés was used as a method for involving assisted living residents in technology discussions, elaborating on the following research question: In what ways are dialogue cafés useful for directing research and development and for engaging residents in assisted living facilities in assistive technology discussions? Method Six dialogue cafés with assisted living residents as participants were carried out over a period of 3 years (2016–19). Reports that were written after each café by the group leaders and rapporteurs provide the material for the analyses in this paper. Results This study demonstrates an example of facilitating user involvement where the participants felt useful by contributing to research and discussions on assistive technology and where this contribution in fact directed the research and development in the overall Assisted Living Project. Conclusion This study demonstrated that dialogue cafés enable older residents at an assisted living facility to contribute with opinions about their needs and perspectives on assistive technologies. This negates the view of older adults as too frail to participate and demonstrates the importance of including and collaborating with older adults in research.