Particle size evolution of V–4Cr–4Ti powders in high energy vibrating and planetary ball milling

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 066535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y F Zhang ◽  
R R Li ◽  
X L Zhao ◽  
S Z Diao ◽  
P P Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Planetary Ball Milling

Effect of milling treatment and additives on the morphology evolution of α-alumina from a commercial boehmite precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Luoqiang Liu ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Lingling Zhu ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Zexu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Morphology Evolution ◽  
Morphology Characteristic ◽  
Planetary Ball Milling ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Alpha Alumina

Abstract Because calcined alpha alumina (α-Al2O3) inherits the morphology characteristic of milled precursors, it is expected that the α-Al2O3 morphology could be improved by controlling the precursor morphology through the use of different milling processes. The microstructure evolution of the boehmite precursor under different milling treatments (planetary ball milling [PBM] and high-energy ball milling [HEBM]) and its influence on the microstructure of as-synthesized α-Al2O3 were investigated. The experimental results indicate that HEBM has a stronger modification effect in crystallinity, particle size and dispersibility of the boehmite precursor than PBM, which is of great importance to inhibit the formation of the typical worm-like structure of α-Al2O3. The microstructure of α-Al2O3 was further improved by the introduction of NH4BF4, NH4F and NH4Cl as additives. In particular, polygon-like α-Al2O3 particles with a size of 0.5 μm and a good dispersibility were prepared by calcination of the precursor with 30 h of HEBM and 20 wt.% NH4BF4.

Preparation of graphene oxide by dry planetary ball milling process from natural graphite

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 12657-12668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranita Dash ◽  
Tapan Dash ◽  
Tapan Kumar Rout ◽  
Ashok Kumar Sahu ◽  
Surendra Kumar Biswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Natural Graphite ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Planetary Ball Milling

Graphene oxides (GO) with different degrees of oxidation have been prepared by an in-house designed horizontal high energy planetary ball milling process.

Probing the Effect of High Energy Ball Milling on the Structure and Properties of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Stein ◽  
Chien-Fan Chen ◽  
Matthew Mullings ◽  
David Jaime ◽  
Audrey Zaleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Li Ion

Particle size plays an important role in the electrochemical performance of cathodes for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. High energy planetary ball milling of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathode materials was investigated as a route to reduce the particle size and improve the electrochemical performance. The effect of ball milling times, milling speeds, and composition on the structure and properties of NMC cathodes was determined. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that ball milling decreased primary particle (crystallite) size by up to 29%, and the crystallite size was correlated with the milling time and milling speed. Using relatively mild milling conditions that provided an intermediate crystallite size, cathodes with higher capacities, improved rate capabilities, and improved capacity retention were obtained within 14 μm-thick electrode configurations. High milling speeds and long milling times not only resulted in smaller crystallite sizes but also lowered electrochemical performance. Beyond reduction in crystallite size, ball milling was found to increase the interfacial charge transfer resistance, lower the electrical conductivity, and produce aggregates that influenced performance. Computations support that electrolyte diffusivity within the cathode and film thickness play a significant role in the electrode performance. This study shows that cathodes with improved performance are obtained through use of mild ball milling conditions and appropriately designed electrodes that optimize the multiple transport phenomena involved in electrochemical charge storage materials.

scholarly journals Studying the Influence of Mica Particle Size on the Properties of Epoxy Acrylate/Mica Composite Coatings through Reducing Mica Particle Size by the Ball-Milled Method

Coatings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Yaling Da ◽  
Jianxing Liu ◽  
Zixian Gao ◽  
Xiangxin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Epoxy Acrylate ◽  
Pencil Hardness ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Mica Composite

In this work, a series of epoxy acrylate (EA)/mica composite coatings were synthesized through introducing mica powders of different particle size into epoxy acrylate coatings and using an ultraviolet (UV) curing technique to investigate the influence of mica particle size on the coatings. Mica powders of different particle sizes were obtained by ball-milling for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h with a planetary high-energy ball mill. The particle size and morphologies of ball-milled mica powders were characterized by laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that planetary ball-milling reduced the particle size of mica powders effectively. Mica powders that were un-ball-milled and ball-milled were added into the epoxy acrylate matrix by a blending method to synthesize the organic-inorganic UV curable coatings. The optical photographs of the coatings showed greater stability of liquid mixtures with smaller particle size fillers. The chemical structures of EA/mica composite coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the conversion rate of C=C bonds was calculated. The results indicated that the C=C conversion of coatings with mica powders of smaller particle sizes was higher. Tests of mechanical properties and tests using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that pencil hardness, impact resistance, and coating resistance were improved due to the reduction of mica powders particle size.

Isosymmetric structural phase transition of the orthorhombic lanthanum gallate structure as a function of temperature determined by Rietveld analysis

CrystEngComm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (37) ◽  
pp. 5562-5569
Author(s):  
Y. Q. Tang ◽  
C. López-Cartes ◽  
M. A. Avilés ◽  
J. M. Córdoba
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Structural Phase Transition ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lanthanum Gallate ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Planetary Ball Milling

High energy planetary ball milling has been used to synthesize pseudo-cubic highly-pure LaGaO3 in one hour from its oxide components in an air atmosphere.

Nanostructured Al Powder Obtained by High Energy Ball Milling at Ambient and Cryogenic Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Heronilton Mendes de Lira ◽  
Pilar Rey Rodriguez ◽  
Oscar Olimpio de Araújo Filho ◽  
Cezar Henrique Gonzalez ◽  
Severino Leopoldino Urtiga Filho
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Size And Morphology

High performance nanostructured light metals and alloys are very interesting for replacing conventional heavier materials in many industrial components. High Energy Ball Milling and Cryomilling are useful techniques to obtain nanocrystalline powders. In this work the effect of several milling conditions such as rotation speed, time, ball to powder ratio and temperature on the crystallite and particle size and morphology in pure aluminum are presented. X-Ray Diffraction, Laser Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy are used. High energy ball milling at ambient and cryogenic temperature of Al powders rapidly leads to a nanometer size down to about 35 nm. High ball to powder ratio promotes both low crystallite and particle size. Small crystallite size like 18 nm and particle size as 4 μm were achieved in the most energetic conditions at ambient temperature. Isopropyl alcohol used as liquid media and protective atmosphere has a strong influence on the results depending on the milling temperature of Al.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Cause-Effect Relationships between the Exothermic Reaction and the Microstructures of Reactive Ni-Al Particles Produced by High Energy Planetary Ball Milling

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Christian Bernauer ◽  
Sandra Grohmann ◽  
Philipp Angermann ◽  
Daniel Dickes ◽  
Florian Holzberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Of Reaction ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
Milling Parameters ◽  
Planetary Ball Milling ◽  
Reactive Particles

Reactive particles consisting of nickel and aluminum represent an adaptable heat source for joining applications, since each individual particle is capable of undergoing a self-sustaining exothermic reaction. Of particular interest are particles with intrinsic lamellar microstructures, as they provide large contact areas between the reactants nickel and aluminum. In this work, the exothermic reaction as well as the microstructure of such lamellar reactive particles produced by high energy planetary ball milling were investigated. Based on statistically designed experiments regarding the milling parameters, the heat of reaction was examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A statistical model was derived from the results to predict the heat of reaction as a function of the milling parameters used. This model can be applied to adjust the heat of reaction of the reactive particles depending on the thermal properties of the joining partners. The fabricated microstructures were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Through the development of a dedicated SEM image evaluation algorithm, a computational quantification of the contact area between nickel and aluminum was enabled for the first time. A weak correlation between the contact area and the heat of reaction could be demonstrated. It is assumed that the quantification of the contact areas can be further improved by a higher number of SEM images per sample. The findings obtained provide an essential contribution to enable reactive particles as a tailored heat source for joining applications.

Spark Plasma Sintering of High-Energy Ball-Milled ZrB2 and HfB2 Powders with 20vol% SiC

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 1990-1995
Author(s):  
Naidu V. Seetala ◽  
Cyerra L. Prevo ◽  
Lawrence E. Matson ◽  
Thomas S. Key ◽  
Ilseok I. Park
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Ball Milling Time

ZrB2 and HfB2 with incorporation of SiC are being considered as structural materials for elevated temperature applications. We used high energy ball milling of micron-size powders to increase lattice distortion enhanced inter-diffusion to get uniform distribution of SiC and reduce grain growth during Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). High-energy planetary ball milling was performed on ZrB2 or HfB2 with 20vol% SiC powders for 24 and 48 hrs. The particle size distribution and crystal micro-strain were examined using Dynamic Light Scattering Technique and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. XRD spectra were analyzed using Williamson-Hall plots to estimate the crystal micro-strain. The particle size decreased, and the crystal micro-strain increased with the increasing ball milling time. The SPS consolidation was performed at 32 MPa and 2,000°C. The SEM observation showed a tremendous decrease in SiC segregation and a reduction in grain size due to high energy ball milling of the precursor powders. Flexural strength of the SPS consolidated composites were studied using Four-Point Bend Beam test, and the micro-hardness was measured using Vickers micro-indenter with 1,000 gf load. Good correlation is observed in SPS consolidated ZrB2+SiC with increased micro-strain as the ball milling time increased: grain size decreased (from 9.7 to 3.2 μm), flexural strength (from 54 to 426 MPa) and micro-hardness (from 1528 to 1952 VHN) increased. The correlation is less evident in HfB2+SiC composites, especially in micro-hardness which showed a decrease with increasing ball milling time.

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