Course of Specific T Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity, Plasma and Cellular Viral Loads, and Neutralizing Antibody Titers in 17 Recently Seroconverted HIV Type 1-Infected Patients

ABSTRACT Both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) lead to chronic infection in a high percentage of persons, and an expanding epidemic of HIV-1-HCV coinfection has recently been identified. These individuals provide an opportunity for simultaneous assessment of immune responses to two viral infections associated with chronic plasma viremia. In this study we analyzed the breadth and magnitude of the CD8+- and CD4+-T-lymphocyte responses in 22 individuals infected with both HIV-1 and HCV. A CD8+-T-lymphocyte response against HIV-1 was readily detected in all subjects over a broad range of viral loads. In marked contrast, HCV-specific CD8+-T-lymphocyte responses were rarely detected, despite viral loads in plasma that were on average 1,000-fold higher. The few HCV-specific responses that were observed were relatively weak and limited in breadth. CD4-proliferative responses against HIV-1 were detected in about half of the coinfected subjects tested, but no proliferative response against any HCV protein was found in these coinfected persons. These data demonstrate a major discordance in immune responses to two persistent RNA viruses. In addition, they show a consistent and profound impairment in cellular immune responses to HCV compared to HIV-1 in HIV-1-HCV-coinfected persons.

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Enhanced Sensitivity of Detection of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to HIV Type 1 Proteins Using an Extended In Vitro Stimulation Period for Measuring Effector Function in Volunteers Enrolled in an ALVAC-HIV Phase I/II Prime Boost Vaccine Trial in Thailand

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses ◽

10.1089/0889222041217473 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 642-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wannee Kantakamalakul ◽

Mark De Souza ◽

Chitraporn Karnasuta ◽

Arthur Brown ◽

Sanjay Gurunathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocyte ◽

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽

Vaccine Trial ◽

Enhanced Sensitivity ◽

Boost Vaccine ◽

Stimulation Period ◽

Hiv Type 1 ◽

Lymphocyte Responses

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Strong Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Activity in Sydney Blood Bank Cohort Patients Infected with nef-Defective HIV Type 1

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.73.1.436-443.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 436-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Wayne B. Dyer ◽

Graham S. Ogg ◽

Marie-Ange Demoitie ◽

Xia Jin ◽

Andrew F. Geczy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Blood Bank ◽

Specific Ctls ◽

Sydney Blood Bank Cohort ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Type 1 ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Ctl Responses

ABSTRACT Proposals for the use of live attenuated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) as a vaccine candidate in humans have been based on the protection afforded by attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus in the macaque model. Although it is not yet known if this strategy could succeed in humans, a study of the Sydney Blood Bank Cohort (SBBC), infected with an attenuated HIV-1 quasispecies with natural nef and nef/long terminal repeat deletions for up to 17 years, could provide insights into the long-term immunological consequences of living with an attenuated HIV-1 infection. In this study, HIV-specific cytoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in an SBBC donor and six recipients were examined over a 3-year period with enzyme-linked immunospot, tetrameric complex binding, direct CTL lysis, and CTL precursor level techniques. Strong HIV-specific CTL responses were detected in four of seven patients, including one patient with an undetectable viral load. Two of seven patients had weak CTL responses, and in one recipient, no HIV-specific CTLs were detected. High levels of circulating effector and memory HIV-specific CTLs can be maintained for prolonged periods in these patients despite very low viral loads.

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