beige adipocyte
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Author(s):  
Alev Eroglu Altinova

Abstract Beige adipocyte, the third and relatively new type of adipocyte, can emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under thermogenic stimulations that is termed as browning of WAT. Recent studies suggest that browning of WAT deserves more attention and therapies targeting browning of WAT can be helpful for reducing obesity. Beyond the major inducers of browning, namely cold and β3-adrenergic stimulation, beige adipocytes are affected by several factors, and excess adiposity per se may also influence the browning process. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of recent clinical and preclinical studies on the hormonal and non-hormonal factors that affect the browning of WAT. This review further focuses on the role of obesity per se on browning process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Balazova ◽  
Miroslav Balaz ◽  
Carla Horvath ◽  
Áron Horváth ◽  
Caroline Moser ◽  
...  

AbstractActivation of thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes is considered as a strategy to improve metabolic control. Here, we identify GPR180 as a receptor regulating brown and beige adipocyte function and whole-body glucose homeostasis, whose expression in humans is associated with improved metabolic control. We demonstrate that GPR180 is not a GPCR but a component of the TGFβ signalling pathway and regulates the activity of the TGFβ receptor complex through SMAD3 phosphorylation. In addition, using genetic and pharmacological tools, we provide evidence that GPR180 is required to manifest Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) action to regulate brown and beige adipocyte activity and glucose homeostasis. In this work, we show that CTHRC1/GPR180 signalling integrates into the TGFβ signalling as an alternative axis to fine-tune and achieve low-grade activation of the pathway to prevent pathophysiological response while contributing to control of glucose and energy metabolism.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuhua Wang ◽  
Shuqin Xu ◽  
Tienan Chen ◽  
Shifeng Ling ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  

Beige adipocytes possess a discrete developmental origin and notable plasticity in thermogenic capacity in response to various environmental cues. But the transcriptional machinery controlling beige adipocyte development and thermogenesis remains largely unknown. By analyzing beige adipocyte-specific knockout mice, we identified a transcription factor, Forkhead Box P4 (FOXP4) that differentially governs beige adipocyte differentiation and activation. Depletion of Foxp4 caused a decline in the frequency of beige preadipocytes by switching their cell fate towards fibroblastic cells at the expense of beige adipocytes. However, we observed that ablation of Foxp4 in differentiated adipocytes profoundly potentiated their thermogenesis upon cold exposure. Of note, the outcome of Foxp4-deficiency on UCP1-mediated thermogenesis was confined to beige adipocytes, rather than to brown adipocytes. Taken together, we submit that FOXP4 primes beige adipocyte cell fate commitment and differentiation by potent transcriptional repression of the thermogenic program.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Shan ◽  
Mengle Shao ◽  
Qianbin Zhang ◽  
Yu A. An ◽  
Lavanya Vishvanath ◽  
...  

The full array of cold-responsive cell types within white adipose tissue that drive thermogenic beige adipocyte biogenesis remains undefined. We demonstrate that acute cold challenge elicits striking transcriptomic changes specifically within DPP4+ PDGFRβ+ adipocyte precursor cells, including a β-adrenergic receptor CREB-mediated induction in the expression of the prothermogenic cytokine, Il33. Doxycycline-inducible deletion of Il33 in PDGFRβ+ cells at the onset of cold exposure attenuates ILC2 accumulation and beige adipocyte accrual. These studies highlight the multifaceted roles for adipocyte progenitors and the ability of select mesenchymal subpopulations to relay neuronal signals to tissue-resident immune cells in order to regulate tissue plasticity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Cui ◽  
Jia Jing ◽  
Rui Wu ◽  
Qiang Cao ◽  
Fenfen Li ◽  
...  

AbstractActivation of brown fat thermogenesis increases energy expenditure and alleviates obesity. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is important in brown/beige adipocyte thermogenesis. Here we discover a fat-derived “adipokine” neurotrophic factor neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) and its receptor Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TRKC) as key regulators of SNS growth and innervation in adipose tissue. NT-3 is highly expressed in brown/beige adipocytes, and potently stimulates sympathetic neuron neurite growth. NT-3/TRKC regulates a plethora of pathways in neuronal axonal growth and elongation. Adipose tissue sympathetic innervation is significantly increased in mice with adipocyte-specific NT-3 overexpression, but profoundly reduced in mice with TRKC haploinsufficiency (TRKC +/−). Increasing NT-3 via pharmacological or genetic approach promotes beige adipocyte development, enhances cold-induced thermogenesis and protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO); whereas TRKC + /− or SNS TRKC deficient mice are cold intolerant and prone to DIO. Thus, NT-3 is a fat-derived neurotrophic factor that regulates SNS innervation, energy metabolism and obesity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9135
Author(s):  
Wei-Shiung Lian ◽  
Re-Wen Wu ◽  
Yu-Shan Chen ◽  
Jih-Yang Ko ◽  
Shao-Yu Wang ◽  
...  

Skeletal tissue involves systemic adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure. MicroRNA signaling controls high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone and fat homeostasis dysregulation remains uncertain. This study revealed that transgenic overexpression of miR-29a under control of osteocalcin promoter in osteoblasts (miR-29aTg) attenuated HFD-mediated body overweight, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. HFD-fed miR-29aTg mice showed less bone mass loss, fatty marrow, and visceral fat mass together with increased subscapular brown fat mass than HFD-fed wild-type mice. HFD-induced O2 underconsumption, respiratory quotient repression, and heat underproduction were attenuated in miR-29aTg mice. In vitro, miR-29a overexpression repressed transcriptomic landscapes of the adipocytokine signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, and lipid transport, etc., of bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells. Forced miR-29a expression promoted osteogenic differentiation but inhibited adipocyte formation. miR-29a signaling promoted brown/beige adipocyte markers Ucp-1, Pgc-1α, P2rx5, and Pat2 expression and inhibited white adipocyte markers Tcf21 and Hoxc9 expression. The microRNA also reduced peroxisome formation and leptin expression during adipocyte formation and downregulated HFD-induced leptin expression in bone tissue. Taken together, miR-29a controlled leptin signaling and brown/beige adipocyte formation of osteogenic progenitor cells to preserve bone anabolism, which reversed HFD-induced energy underutilization and visceral fat overproduction. This study sheds light on a new molecular mechanism by which bone integrity counteracts HFD-induced whole-body fat overproduction.


2021 ◽  
pp. 174382
Author(s):  
Atsushi Sawamoto ◽  
Asami Kanazaki ◽  
Masayuki Nakanishi ◽  
Yoshiaki Amakura ◽  
Morio Yoshimura ◽  
...  

JCI Insight ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Cero ◽  
Hannah J. Lea ◽  
Kenneth Y. Zhu ◽  
Farnaz Shamsi ◽  
Yu-Hua Tseng ◽  
...  

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 200-LB
Author(s):  
XUEKAI XIONG ◽  
RUYA LIU ◽  
VIJAY YECHOOR ◽  
PRADIP SAHA ◽  
KE MA

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