scholarly journals Carboxyvinyl Polymer and Guar-Borate Gelling System Containing Natamycin Loaded PEGylated Nanolipid Carriers Exhibit Improved Ocular Pharmacokinetic Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Patil ◽  
Prit Lakhani ◽  
Pranjal Taskar ◽  
Bharathi Avula ◽  
Soumyajit Majumdar
2013 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 2371-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjun You ◽  
Jie Qian ◽  
Xiabing Wu ◽  
Xiaoyang Sun ◽  
Mengxiang Su ◽  
...  

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Konstantinovska ◽  
K. Milivojević ◽  
J. Bzenić ◽  
V. Jovanović

Labelling yield and radiochemical purity, higher than 95%, of 99mTc-colloid preparations were determined by using the paper chromatography method. Less than 3% of labelled citric acid, added to the preparation as a buffer solution, has been found in 99mTc-sulphur colloid. High radiochemical purity and optimum size of colloid particles has also been proved by biodistribution studies on experimental animals. The analysis performed has shown that more than 50% of 99mTc-colloid preparations excreted by urine is 99mTcO–, the remaining past 50% being protein bound 99mTc. Biological half-time of excretion of the fast phase is the same for both preparations, i.e. 10 min, while for the slow component it is 120 min in 99mTc-S-colloid and 160 min in 99mTc-Sn colloid.


1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schromm ◽  
T. Frankewitsch ◽  
M. Giehl ◽  
F. Keller ◽  
D. Zellner

Abstract:A pharmacokinetic database was constructed that is as free of errors as possible. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from the literature using a text-processing system and a database system. A random data sample from each system was compared with the original literature. The estimated error frequencies using statistical methods differed significantly between the two systems. The estimated error frequency in the text-processing system was 7.2%, that in the database system 2.7%. Compared with the original values in the literature, the estimated probability of error for identical pharmacokinetic parameters recorded in both systems is 2.4% and is not significantly different from the error frequency in the database. Parallel data entry with a text-processing system and a database system is, therefore, not significantly better than structured data entry for reducing the error frequency.


1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 660-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
G C White ◽  
S Courter ◽  
G L Bray ◽  
M Lee ◽  
E D Gomperts ◽  
...  

SummaryA prospective, open-label multicenter investigation has been conducted to compare pharmacokinetic parameters of recombinant DNA-derived FVIII (rFVIII) and plasma-derived FVIII concentrate (pdFVIII) and to assess safety and efficacy of long-term home-treat- ment with rFVIII for subjects with hemophilia A. Following comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, 69 patients with severe (n = 67) or moderate (n = 2) hemophilia A commenced a program of home treatment using rFVIII exclusively for prophylaxis and treatment of all bleeding episodes for a period of 1.0 to 5.7 years (median 3.7 years). The mean in vivo half-lives of rFVIII and pdFVIII were both 14.7 h. In vivo incremental recoveries at baseline were 2.40%/IU/kg and 2.47%/IU/kg, respectively (p = 0.59). The response to home treatment with rFVIII was categorized as good or excellent in 3,195 (91.2%) of 3,481 evaluated bleeding episodes. Thirteen patients received rFVIII for prophylaxis for twenty-four surgical procedures. In all cases, hemostasis was excellent. Adverse reactions were observed in only 13 of 13,591 (0.096%) infusions of rFVIII; none was serious. No patient developed an inhibitor to r FVIII.


Author(s):  
А.А. Курылев ◽  
Б.В. Андреев

Несмотря на доступность в клинической практике широкого круга классических и атипичных антипсихотиков (АП), по-прежнему наблюдается широкая вариабельность ответа на психофармакотерапию. Эта вариабельность обусловлена генетической гетерогенностью как самой шизофрении, так и метаболизма АП. Стандартные назначаемые дозы АП далеко не всегда являются оптимальными. Генетическая вариабельность систем биотрансформации и биодоступности АП могут играть значимую роль в формировании ответа на терапию и развитии нежелательных реакций. Целью исследования стало проведение обзора литературы по проблеме клинической эффективности применения генотипирования полиморфизмов CYP2D6 при терапии антипсихотиками. Большинство фармакокинетических исследований обнаруживают сильную достоверную положительную корреляцию метаболического статуса CYP2D6, определенного путем генотипирования полиморфизмов CYP2D6 и фармакокинетических параметров АП (AUC, период полувыведения, клиренс). Однако статистически достоверных связей между полиморфизмами CYP2D6 и эффективностью терапии АП в большинстве исследований обнаружено не было, прежде всего из-за недостаточного количества участников, гетерогенности сравниваемых когорт, применении различных АП и использовании разных критериев эффективности. Перспективные исследования с хорошо сбалансированными группами сравнения, а также масштабные ретроспективные исследования демонстрируют достоверную корреляцию метаболического статуса CYP2D6 и частоты развития нежелательных реакций АП (лекарственный паркинсонизм и поздняя дискинезия). Для более точной оценки величины вклада генетических полиморфизмов CYP2D6 в эффективность и безопасность психофармакотерапии необходимы масштабные перспективные клинические исследования. Although a number of typical and atypical antipsychotics (AP) have been discovered and used in psychiatric clinical practice the variability in response to AP is quite high. This variability is partially explained by a genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia and metabolism of AP. The standard prescribed antipsychotic daily dose is not always optimal. Genetic variability of biotransformation and bioavailability of AP may significantly influence on therapeutic effect and tolerability. The aim of the study was to perform literature review of studies evaluating the correlation of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms and AP pharmacokinetics, effectiveness and safety. Most pharmacokinetics studies show high positive significant correlation between CYP2D6 metabolic activity, determined by CYP2D6 polymorphisms genotyping and AP pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, elimination half-life, clearance etc.). However the majority of studies were failed to demonstrate significant correlation between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and AP effectiveness mainly due to inadequate number of patient, heterogeneous cohorts, different AP and effectiveness criteria used. Prospective studies with balanced comparison groups and large retrospective studies showed significant correlation between CYP2D6 metabolic status and the frequency of AP induced AEs (parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia). To better assess the influence of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on AP effectiveness and safety in clinical routine large prospective well designed clinical studies are needed.


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