scholarly journals Clostridium difficile Infection: Update on Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Treatment Strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. To ◽  
Lena M. Napolitano
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies

scholarly journals Risk factors for Clostridium difficile  infection and colonization among patients admitted to intensive care units  in Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchao Cui ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Danfeng Dong ◽  
Daosheng Wang ◽  
Cen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background : Clostridium difficile is considered to be the main pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections in western countries, but few studies on C. difficile have been carried out in China. This study performed a prospective study to describe the prevalence, molecular epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and Clostridium difficile colonization (CDC) among patients in intensive care units (ICUs), with the aim of providing strategies for efficient CD prevention and control.Methods: Stool samples were collected from adult patients on admission to an 18-bed ICU department, and were anaerobically cultured for C. difficile . The identified isolates were tested for toxin genes, followed by multilocus sequence typing to analyze the genotypes. Patients were divided into CDI, CDC and control groups according to clinical features. The medical records of these groups were collected and further analyzed using logistic regression to investigate the risk factors.Results: Of the 800 patients included in the study, 33 (4.12%) and 25 (3.12%) patients were identified with CDI and CDC, respectively. An association was found between CDI patients and having a fever (OR=13.993) or metabolic disorder (OR=7.972), and treatment with fluoroquinolone (OR=42.696) or a combination of antibiotics (OR=2.856). CDC patients were characterized by longer hospital stays (OR=1.137), an increased number of comorbidities (OR=36.509), respiratory diseases (OR=0.043) and treatment with vancomycin (OR=18.168). However, treatment with metronidazole was simultaneously found to be a protective factor in the two groups (OR=0.042; OR=0.013). Eighteen sequence types (STs) were identified. Among the CDI group, the isolates were predominantly toxin A- and toxin B-positive (A+B+) strains and genotype ST-2 was the epidemic clone. In the CDC group, the dominant strains were A+B+ and ST-81 was the epidemic clone.Conclusions: The prevalence of C. difficile colonization and infection in our ICU patients was relatively high, suggesting the importance of routine screening to detect the acquisition of this pathogen. Future prevention and treatment strategies for C. difficile -related disease should take into consideration the duration of hospital stays, enteral nutrition, underlying comorbidities, as well as the use of combined antibiotics. Moreover, metronidazole could be a protective factor for both CDI and CDC.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Infection

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera B. Avila ◽  
Nathaniel P. Avila ◽  
Andrew W. Dupont
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Health Care Associated Infection

Clostridium difficileinfection (CDI) has become the most frequently reported health care-associated infection in the United States [1]. As the incidence of CDI rises, so too does the burden it produces on health care and society. In an attempt to decrease the burden of CDI and provide the best outcomes for patients affected by CDI, there have been many recent advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of CDI. In this article, we review the current recommendations regarding CDI testing and treatment strategies.

Fecal Microbiota Transplant: Latest Addition to Arsenal Against Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Gulati ◽  
Sachin K. Singh ◽  
Leander Corrie ◽  
Lipika Chandwani ◽  
Apoorva Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Fecal Suspension

: An infectious disease of colon, recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) is hitherto considered insurmountable leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Gut dysbiosis, generally resulting from frequent use of antibiotics is considered to be responsible for the etiopathogenesis of rCDI. Ironically, the conventional treatment strategies for the disease also include the use of anti-infective drugs such as metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomycin. As a result of the efforts to overcome the limitations of these treatment options to control recurrence of disease, Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) has emerged as an effective and safe alternative. It is pertinent to add here that FMT is defined as the process of engraftment of fecal suspension from the healthy person into the gastrointestinal tract of the diseased individual aiming at the restoration of gut microbiota. FMT has proved to be quite successful in the treatment of recurrent and resistant Clostridium difficile infections (RCDI). In last three decades a lot of information has been generated on the use of FMT for RCDI. A number of clinical trials have been reported with generally very high success rates. However, very small number of patents could be found in the area indicating that there still exists lacuna in the knowledge about FMT with respect to its preparation, regulation, mode of delivery and safety. The current review attempts to dive deeper to discuss the patents available in the area while supporting the information contained therein with the non-patent literature.

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