Abbé Ouvière

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Rey
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Free Blacks ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Catholic Priest ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
The Haitian Revolution

Entitled “Abbé Ouvière,” Chapter 3 seeks to answer three questions: (1) Who was Abbé Ouvière? (2) Why did he wind up in Saint-Domingue? (3) How and why did he become a principal in the early stage of the Haitian Revolution? Born into a family of meager means in Aix-en-Provence in 1762, Ouvière received a benefice as an adolescent by which he became an abbé and a secular priest. This afforded him an excellent education in both theology and medicine, enabling Ouvière to involve himself politically, as a Catholic priest, in the Haitian Revolution, and culturally, as a scientist and physician, in the intellectual life of early Republican America. The chapter reveals the means by which Abbé Ouvière would become a trusted adviser to the free colored Confederate Army, which was preparing to wage war to secure the full civil rights of free blacks and mulattoes as French citizens.

Caribbean-Atlantic Discourses of Race, Equality, and Humanity in the Age of Revolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-527
Author(s):  
Michele Reid-Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Free Blacks ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Age Of Revolution ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
African Heritage ◽  
The Haitian Revolution

As geopolitical warfare intensified in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, free individuals of African heritage increasingly disputed European ideologies that condemned them as naturally inferior and lacking in humanity. With the onset of the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) and the Latin American wars for independence (1810-1825), individuals and groups of African descent circulated their own views. I argue that free Blacks from colonial Saint Domingue, Jamaica, and Cuba employed similar rhetorical strategies across the French, British, and Spanish empires. Their speeches, petitions, and declarations forged distinct Afro-Atlantic counter-discourses that proclaimed their equality and advocated for their human and civil rights.

Revolutions of Taste: Mon Odyssée and the Aesthetic Inheritance of Saint-Domingue

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Madeline L Zehnder
Keyword(s):  
Early Republic ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The Us ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
The Aesthetic

Abstract White creoles who fled Saint-Domingue for the US following the Haitian Revolution transported habits of their hierarchical, luxury-oriented culture to elite white members of the early republic. This essay recovers a francophone memoir by one such exile, Jean-Paul Pillet, to demonstrate the influence of colonial understandings of taste on the early republican US, arguing that creole values coincide with emergent US desires for exceptionalism. Pillet’s memoir reveals how white Americans’ fascination with Saint-Domingue shaped their understanding of what it means to be an exceptional nation. Throughout his memoir, he exalts creole consumption and taste, developing an aesthetic language that he uses to promote Saint-Domingue’s unique status within the colonial world, as well as to denounce the destruction wrought by the Haitian revolution. Upon arriving in the US as an exile, he exports this discourse of taste—and its encoded aesthetic and racial hierarchies—to a white US elite eager to appear more exceptional on a global stage. By framing the cultivation of taste as a gateway to global power, Pillet offers Americans a mode of exceptionalism that depends on luxury rather than equality, thereby demonstrating how the colonial Caribbean continued to shape the young republic during its so-called nationalist moment.

Romaine-la-Prophétesse

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Rey
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Immigrant ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Haitian Revolution

Although arguably no insurgent leader in the early stage of the Haitian Revolution had a greater concrete impact than Romaine-la-Prophétesse, scholars have thus far focused more attention on maroon leaders in the North Province of Saint-Domingue, like Makaya, Boukman, and Jean-François. Entitled “Romaine-la-Prophétesse,” and based on extensive research of primary source material, this chapter provides a detailed biography of Romaine Rivière, a black immigrant from the Spanish side of the island of Hispaniola, who was transformed from a respected coffee farmer into a religiously inspired, gender-bending warlord in the colony’s West Province. The chapter’s principal categories of analysis are religion, race, gender/sexuality, marronage, and royalism, providing what is not only the most extensive biographical portrait of Romaine but of any insurgent leader during the first stage of the Haitian Revolution. The time period covered is 1750 to 1791, or Romaine’s life up until the Trou Coffy insurgency.

The Shock Waves of the Haitian Revolution

Slave No More ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 164-196
Author(s):  
Aline Helg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Haitian Revolution

This chapter explores the shock waves caused by the Haitian Revolution and the massive slave insurrection that took both the Americas and Europe by surprise. Despite the rarity of large-scale revolts after 1794, the Saint Domingue insurrection did have a lasting impact on the slaves. The greatest lesson they retained from Haiti was that the institution of slavery was neither unchangeable nor invincible. Amid the troubled backdrop of the age of revolutions, many attentively followed the legal changes upsetting their owners, like the Spanish Códigno Negro, the French abolition of slavery, gradual emancipation laws in the northern United States, and the ban of the slave trade by Great Britain and the United States. Furthermore, after 1794, protests during which slaves claimed freedom they believed to have been decreed by the king or the government, but hidden by their masters, multiplied.

Circuits

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Michelle Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
Secret History

This chapter reads the dynamics of gender and racial violence in Leonora Sansay’s 1808 novel Secret History in transoceanic context. Even as the French Atlantic triangle generated enormous wealth through enormous exploitation, encounters and events in the transnational Pacific were laying bare the unequal terms and coercive relations that underpinned such triangles and the circuits that spun around them. Set in Saint Domingue during the Haitian Revolution, the novel situates the violence of both marital and plantation intimacies within the turning global circuits of sexual-economic drive and their production of disproportion and inequality. By presenting French European and French creole desire in terms of a sexualized colonialism and a pornographic capitalism, Secret History exposes the rotations of capitalist drive as a violent obscenity, and revolution as its violent offspring.

Vincent OGé Jeune (1757-91): Social Class and Free Colored Mobilization on the Eve of the Haitian Revolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Garrigus
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Public Square ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
Men Of Color ◽  
The Haitian Revolution

Vincent Ogé jeune (the younger) was one of the wealthiest free men of color in Saint-Domingue, but his behavior in the year before the Haitian revolution (1791-1804) was a puzzling anomaly. Returning to the colony from Paris in October 1790, Ogé quickly emerged at the head of a group of free colored militiamen demanding voting rights. Colonists labeled this a “revolt” and four months later they executed Ogé and three of his colleagues, breaking their bodies bone by bone in a public square and mounting their severed heads on posts.

Anerkennung und Interkulturalität Überlegungen mit Blick auf ›Haiti‹ bei Hegel und Alexander Kluge

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Herbert Uerlings
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Literary Response ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
African Slaves ◽  
Alexander Kluge ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Controversial Concept

Abstract ›Recognition‹ is one of the key concepts of Interculturality. It is, however, a highly controversial concept. Whereas scholars like Honneth, Taylor and Habermas emphasize ›social integration via recognition‹, others, especially post-colonialists and poststrucuturalists, think of ›submission via recognition‹. The current discussion focuses on Hegel who was the first to think of ›recognition‹ as a basic principle of personal identity, social order and global history. The article deals with a significant current debate about the meaning of the Haitian Revolution in Hegel’s philosophy. What, in Hegel’s work, is the meaning of the Revolution or the ›fight for recognition‹ led by African slaves in Saint-Domingue? What is the relationship between Hegel’s philosophy and globalization? It will be shown that, for systematic reasons, Hegel could neither ignore nor accept the Haitian Revolution. This ought to have implications for current debates on ›recognition‹ and interculturality. In this context Alexander Kluge’s fragment of prose Jeden Morgen liest Hegel Zeitung (Every morning Hegel reads the papers) (2012) will be analyzed as a critical literary response to Hegel.

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