5. Making stuff and making things

2014 ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Christopher Hall
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Nickel Superalloys ◽  
The Future

‘Making stuff and making things’ considers the step-by-step processes in the making of glass, silicon, nickel superalloys, strings and textiles, and plastics, and how they are then used in the manufacture of other goods. For pottery, ceramics, bricks, and tiles though, the making of the material and of the artefact are merged into a single act. The chemistry lies in the mineral reactions that transform soft matter into hard in the hot kiln. Material-as device, device-as-material, and material-as-object are also considered along with the valuable applications of osmium and caesium. What does the future of material science hold? Will motile biomaterials ever be realized?

‘Heteroaromatic Rings of the Future’: Exploration of Unconquered Chemical Space

Synthesis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 384-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Thorimbert ◽  
Candice Botuha ◽  
Kevin Passador
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies

William Pitt and co-workers have created a virtual exploratory heterocyclic library ‘VEHICLe’ containing over 200 unconquered bicyclic heteroaromatic rings, synthetically feasible with potential medicinal interest. Since the publication of the 22 ‘heteroaromatic rings of the future’ by Pitt in 2009, 15 of them have been successfully synthesized as bicyclic or polycyclic forms and evaluated for applications in both biology and material science. This short review presents the critical synthesis associated with innovative synthetic methodologies of the synthetically conquered ring scaffolds from the list of 22 with a spotlight on the scientific contribution of this fascinating article for the expansion of the chemical diversity.1 Introduction2 Heteroaromatic Rings of the Future: The Synthetic challenge?2.1 4-Pyrido[1,3]oxazin-4-one-P1 2.2 Pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazin-4-one-P4 2.3 Furo[2,1-e]pyridazin-4(1H)-one-P5 2.4 Isoxazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-7-one-P6 2.5 5H,6H-[1,2]Thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-5-one-P7 2.6 4H,5H-Furo[3,2-b]pyridin-5-one-P8 2.7 1H,5H,6H-Pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one-P9 2.8 Thieno[3,4-c]pyridazine-P10 2.9 Pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,2,3]triazine-P11 2.10 Thieno[3,4-a]oxazole-P12 2.11 2,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c]pyrazole-P13 2.12 Pyrazolo[1,5-b]isoxazole-P14 2.13 Imidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-3(2H)-one-P16 2.14 Cyclopenta[b][1,4]oxazin-5(4H)-one-P17 2.15 2,3-Dihydro-2,6-naphthyridin-3-one-P18 3 Conclusion

scholarly journals Design in an era of Constrained Resources

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (09) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Duclos ◽  
Jeffrey P. Otto ◽  
Douglas G. Konitzer
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Price Risk ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Design Materials

This article emphasizes that as global competition for materials strains the supply chain, companies must know where a shortage can hurt and then plan around it. Advancements in material science are required to design materials that minimize the use of elements that are not sustainable, without losing the properties that enable product integrity. The article also highlights that elements that are determined to be high both in impact to the company and in supply and price risk require a plan either to stabilize their supply or to minimize their usage. The article also presents several examples that demonstrate the intelligent application of material science in product design. As competition for the world’s resources increases in the future, it is critical for material users to determine what changes in design and materials will allow for continued growth. This starts with an assessment of where the risks are, which is followed by a response that encompasses sourcing, manufacturing, and engineering.

The Synthesis of Amides through Direct Amination of Aldehydes with Amines

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaorui Ma ◽  
Junfei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Fundamental Groups ◽  
Direct Amination ◽  
Amide Bonds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Amide Synthesis ◽  
The Future

Amide bonds are amongst the most fundamental groups in organic synthesis, and they are widely found in natural products, pharmaceuticals and material science. Over the past decade, methods for the direct amination of aldehydes have received much attention as they represent atom- and step-economic routes for amide synthesis from readily available starting materials. Herein, the research advances on the direct amination of aldehydes are reviewed and categorized by the types of catalyst system. Detailed reaction scopes and mechanisms will be discussed, as well as the limitations of current procedures and the prospects for the future.

scholarly journals Application of Bacteriophages in Nanotechnology

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1944
Author(s):  
Jan Paczesny ◽  
Krzysztof Bielec
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Colloidal Particle ◽  
Complex Fluids ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bacteria Detection ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Starting Point

Bacteriophages (phages for short) are viruses, which have bacteria as hosts. The single phage body virion, is a colloidal particle, often possessing a dipole moment. As such, phages were used as perfectly monodisperse systems to study various physicochemical phenomena (e.g., transport or sedimentation in complex fluids), or in the material science (e.g., as scaffolds). Nevertheless, phages also execute the life cycle to multiply and produce progeny virions. Upon completion of the life cycle of phages, the host cells are usually destroyed. Natural abilities to bind to and kill bacteria were a starting point for utilizing phages in phage therapies (i.e., medical treatments that use phages to fight bacterial infections) and for bacteria detection. Numerous applications of phages became possible thanks to phage display—a method connecting the phenotype and genotype, which allows for selecting specific peptides or proteins with affinity to a given target. Here, we review the application of bacteriophages in nanoscience, emphasizing bio-related applications, material science, soft matter research, and physical chemistry.

Soft Matter, the future

Soft Matter ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 7889 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Proteins for the future: A soft matter approach to link basic knowledge and innovative applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Boire ◽  
Antoine Bouchoux ◽  
Saïd Bouhallab ◽  
Anne-Laure Chapeau ◽  
Thomas Croguennec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Are 100%Green Composites and Green Thermoplastics the New Materials for the Future?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marc Saiter ◽  
Larisa Dobircau ◽  
Nathalie Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

A review of the history of the evolution of material science and material technology shows us that one tendency for the future could be the use of agriculture resources. In this work, we review the performances of one of these resources, that is, wheat flour. We show that it is possible to get thermoplastic films with properties quasiequivalent to what is obtained for expensive pure starch. By adding natural fibres, composites are also obtained. These composites exhibit performances which allow their use only for short duration.

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