5. Regulation and supervision of the banking industry

2016 ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
John Goddard ◽  
John O. S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Bank Runs ◽  
Financial Intermediaries ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
The Government

As financial intermediaries, commercial banks use liquid liabilities to finance illiquid assets. Banks hold only a small proportion of their assets in the form of reserves, and cannot cope if all depositors demand the return of their funds simultaneously. Together with leverage, this makes banks inherently fragile, and creates the potential for one distressed bank to cause a loss of confidence in others. ‘Regulation and supervision of the banking industry’ describes the causes of bank runs, the different regulatory authorities, banking licenses, and capital adequacy regulation, and the government safety net. Regulation and supervision of the banking industry aims to protect individual banks, and the financial system as a whole, from the possibility of collapse.

Entrepreneurs’ Perception of Banks’ Social Responsibility : A Haitian Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédique Paul ◽  
◽  
Ahmad H. Juma'h ◽  
Florys Dorante ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Financial Intermediaries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social

Banks are the pillars of entrepreneurship expansion and economic development. In developing countries, where there is little public financial support for entrepreneurs, it is clear that banks, among other financial institutions, should be part of the solution to the problem of financing economic activity. As financial intermediaries, commercial banks need to enjoy good perception among entrepreneurs to improve their profitability. To achieve such objective, banks sometimes adopt social responsibility strategies to influence public perception of banks’ behavior. How do Haitian entrepreneurs perceive Haitian banks’ social responsibility? To answer this question, we collect empirical data among entrepreneurs of all size (micro, small and large). The findings help interesting discussions of banks perception among entrepreneurs divided by demographic (gender, location) and economic (sector, size, assets) characteristics. Among the main conclusions, we find that banks enjoy very bad perception among entrepreneurs (all size). Also, the special concessions given by the Government and other international institutions to the banking industry in Haiti help very few to increase the financial services for Haitian entrepreneurs. From our conclusion arise questions for future research to study the relations between entrepreneurs’ own practices of corporate social responsibility and their perception of banks social responsibility.

scholarly journals Effects of Basel III Framework on Capital Adequacy of Commercial Banks in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Kevin Kombo ◽  
Dr. Amos Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Management Staff

Purpose:The purpose of the study was toassess the effects of Basel III framework on capital adequacy requirement in commercial banks in Kenya. The study sought to address the following research questions: why are capital adequacy regulations important in commercial banks in Kenya? What challenges are commercial banks facing in the implementation of capital adequacy requirement? What measures have commercial banks taken to ensure compliance with the capital adequacy requirement?Methodology:A descriptive survey design was applied to a population of 43 commercial banks operating in Kenya. The target population composed of the 159 management staff currently employed at the head offices of the various commercial banks in Kenya. The population was composed of Senior, Middle and Junior or Entry level Management staff. A sample of 30% was selected from within each group.Primary data was gathered using questionnaires which were dropped off at the bank’s head offices and picked up later when the respondents had filled the questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze quantitative data while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.Results:The findings show that capital adequacy requirement is important in commercial banks because it leads financial stability in the Kenyan economy, improves credit risk management techniques as poor credit risk management requires more capital and leads to reduced vulnerability to liquidity shocks due to the sound capitalization policies being implemented under the Basel III framework. Findings also revealed that capital adequacy affected the balance sheet structure of the commercial banks in Kenya.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that banks should continue the pursuit of various strategies to ensure that they are in compliance with Basel III requirements and the Central Bank of Kenya’s Prudential Guidelines. The staff of this committee should be drawn from mainly the finance, legal, compliance and treasury departments. Compliance with the capital requirements will lead to a safety net for all commercial banks as the additional capital will act as a cushion that absorbs losses in case of distress in the commercial banking sector.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF EFFICIENCY IN ALBANIAN BANKING INDUSTRY; AN EMPIRICAL DIAGNOSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 098-105
Author(s):  
Elona Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Bank Efficiency

Many articles discuss the importance of banking systems and their profitability as well as the factors determining these. This article examines the determinants of bank efficiency in the Albanian banking industry. During the second half of this decade a considerable decrease in the efficiency ratio of the Albanian banking system was evident. To understand which factors affected the efficiency, and whether Albania should control certain factors in order to improve efficiency, relationships between particular factors were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. The study examines 16 commercial banks in Albania, from 1998 to 2015. It finds a significant relationship between efficiency, capital adequacy, the return on assets, and solvency

scholarly journals Micro and macroeconomic determinants of profitability of conventional banks and stock performance using Tobin’s Q ratio: Evidence from the banking sector of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Ann Rolle ◽  
◽  
Bushra Javed ◽  
Gobind M. Herani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Tobin’S Q ◽  
Tobin's Q ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The financial sector is the key player to enhance sustainable economic growth. Commercial banks play an important role to improve the performance of the financial sector of the economy and their profitability is closely connected to the soundness of the entire economy. The purpose of this study is to determine the internal determinants (bank-specific) and external determinants (macro-economic) of profitability. In this regard, the study adopted a quantitative research design by using the panel data of 17 commercial banks of Pakistan over the period of 2014-2018. Internal factors analyzed in this study were Liquidity, Size, and Capital Adequacy. While external factors were Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Inflation. The data was analyzed by using simple OLS regression and Tobin’s Q ratio. The analysis showed that GDP has a significant impact on profitability. However, inflation has no impact on profitability. Tobin’s Q ratio of most of the banks is increasing which depicted their equilibrium position. Based on the findings, the study recommended some policies that will encourage banks to reduce credit risk and minimize their liquidity holdings. Moreover, the Government should take the proper initiatives to enhance the confidence of investors towards the stock market.

scholarly journals The Effect of Financial Institutions Banking Soundness Against Stock Price

2019 ◽  
pp. 045-052
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
The Government

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the soundness of banking financial institutions variable as measured by Return on Assets, Net Interest Margin, and Capital Adequacy Ratio on share prices at government banks in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2008-2015. The population of this study is the Government commercial banks consisting of BRI Bank, BNI Bank, BTN Bank, and Bank Mandiri. The sample of this study is the assessment of the soundness of government commercial banks on stock prices, with the scope of the assessment covering the factors of ROA, NIM, and CAR. The sample was obtained through the publication of 2008-2015 annual financial statements totaling 32 data. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis, while the measurement tool uses t test, F test, and the coefficient of determination (R2) test. The results showed that the ROA variable had a positive and significant effect on stock prices, the NIM variable had a negative and significant effect on stock prices, the CAR variable had a positive and significant effect on stock prices at government commercial banks in the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

scholarly journals Determinants of interest free financial products in Ethiopian banking industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Debebe Alemu Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
The Government

This study is undertaken to identify the determinants of the use and adoption of Interest free financial products in Ethiopian banking industry with specific reference to commercial banks. To achieve the aim of the study the primary data was collected from managers of some selected commercial banks through un-structured interview as well as from customers by using convenience method through standard questionnaires. While, secondary data was collected from documents of banks and Journals to triangulate with response obtained from primary data sources. The collected data was analyzed in descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings depicted as the Economic factors like unemployment and saving habits affecting the adoption of Interest free financial products and services by banks. Further, the obsoleting of technological environment, Inflexibility of government policies, Educational background of the customers and diverse cultures of the societies are the other factors that affecting adoption of financial products.  In addition, the Interest free financial products and services are not properly used by the customers as the result of their low level of awareness, the perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility and perceived complexity and perceived trust of existing banking system. Based on the result it is recommended as the banks should properly adopt the Interest free financial products and services with taking into account of the external factors. Further, the banks should participate on aggressive promotion to aware the customers about their Interest free products and services, the government should formulate policies and regulations that minimizing bureaucracy of adopting technology by banks

scholarly journals Stability and profitability in the Chinese banking industry: evidence from an auto-regressive-distributed linear specification

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tan ◽  
John Anchor
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Least Square ◽  
System Gmm ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese Banking Industry ◽  
Chinese Banking

The important role played by the Chinese commercial banks in the development of China’s economy has made the government and banking regulatory authority concerned about the performance of these banks.Indeedthe stability of the banking sector has attracted greater attention since the financial crisis of 2007-2009. The principal objective of this study is to investigate the inter-relationships between profitability and stability in the Chinese banking industry. Using a sample of Chinese commercial banks over the period 2003-2013, the study examines the inter-relationships under an auto-regressive-distributed linear model. Both Z-score and stability inefficiency were used as measures of stability, while Return on Assets (ROA) was used as the indicator of profitability. Different types of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators including difference GMM, one-step system GMM, two-step system GMM as well as two-step robust GMM were used. In order to the check the robustness of the results, alternative econometric techniques were used, such as ordinary least square (OLS) estimator, between effect estimator, as well as fixed effect estimator. The results show that higher insolvency risk/lower bank stability leads to higher profitability of Chinese commercial banks and also that higher profitability leads to higher bank fragility. Keywords: bank profitability, bank risk, China. JEL classification: G21, C23

Efficiency in China’s Banking Sector: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Basel II Eras

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150010
Author(s):  
Sunil Mohanty ◽  
Hong-Jen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Basel Ii ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
Profit Efficiency ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Big Four ◽  
Chinese Banking

This study investigates the effects of Basel II and Basel III capital adequacy rules and the regulatory framework adopted by Chinese banking regulators on the efficiency of the banking sector in China during the post-Basel II era (2007–2017) and compares the results with that of the pre-Basel II era (1996–2006). The study finds that both cost and profit efficiency of the banking industry have improved significantly from the pre-Basel II era (1996–2006) to the post-Basel II era (2007–2017). Subperiod analyses show that the risk-based capital ratio (Tier 1 capital ratio) is significantly positively associated with profit efficiency during both pre- and post-Basel II eras. Overall, the “Big Four” national banks and regional commercial banks signal higher profit efficiency during the post-Basel II era.

scholarly journals Role of Bank Regulation on Bank Performance: Evidence from Asia-Pacific Commercial Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Gan ◽  
Li
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Bank Efficiency ◽  
Regulation And Supervision

The banking industry is an essential financial intermediary, thus the efficient operation of banks is vital for economic development and social welfare. However, the 2008 global financial crisis triggered a reconsideration of the banking systems, as well as the role of government intervention. The literature has paid little attention to the banking industry in the Asia-Pacific region in the context of bank efficiency. This study employs double bootstrap data envelopment analysis to measure bank efficiency and examine the relationship between regulation, supervision, and state ownership in commercial banks in the Asia-Pacific region for the period 2005 to 2014. Our results indicate that excluding off-balance sheet activities in efficiency estimations lead to underestimating of the pure technical efficiency, while overestimating the scale efficiency of banks in the Asia-Pacific region. Cross-country comparisons reveal that Australian banks exhibit the highest levels of technical efficiency, while Indonesian banks exhibit the lowest average. Our bootstrap regression results suggest that bank regulation and supervision are positively related to bank technical efficiency, while state ownership is not significantly related to bank efficiency. Furthermore, our findings show that tighter regulation and supervision are significantly related to higher efficiency for small and large-sized banks.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI STRUKTUR PASAR TERHADAP KINERJA INDUSTRI KOMERSIAL PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA PERIODE TAHUN 2007 - 2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mr Rofanov
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Net Interest Margin ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio

Based on the ratio of market share of 11 commercial banks discovered the phenomenon gap of the period 2007-2011 where 11 commercial banks dominate the banking market predominantly in Indonesia, including four state-owned banks. This phenomenon has resulted in the banking market structure tends to form an oligopoly, it is obviously affecting the behavior of banks that have a dominant position to maintain supernormal profit, which is reluctant to extend credit with low interest tribes and not a reflection of efficient behavior that ultimately lead to the real sector can not run role in the economy because of factors hampered financing. And with the market conditions are 11 commercial banks were so dominant, which is feared if one bank's collapse could affect the performance of banks in a systemic and even disrupt the Indonesian economy in general. The objectives of this research to determine the form of the banking market structure and analize the influence of concentration market structure and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) to Return on Asset (ROA) wich is as a proxy of Financial Performance Banking in 2007 until 2011 periods. The data in this study was collected from Indonesian Banking Directory of 2007-2011. The collected sample was 11 biggest commercial banks over the period from 2007-2011. The analysis model  was used to determine the shape of banking market structure by using CR4 concentration ratio (Four Concentration Ratio) on a share of the assets, the share of third-party funding (DPK) and the share of loans, that produce banking that shaped the oligopoly market structure moderate low or concentration oligopoly level IV, where four largest banks a dominate about 42% - 50% market share. The estimation of the Fixed Effect Model unknown  that concentration market, market share, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM) and the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) has a positive effect on profitability (Return on Assets ) as a proxy for the performance of the banking industry. And for the  Non Performing Loan (NPL) has a negatively effect on profitability (Return on Assets) as a proxy for the performance of the banking industry.

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