Blood levels of branched-chain amino acids and α-ketoacids in uremic patients given keto analogues of essential amino acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1660-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Schauder ◽  
D Matthaei ◽  
H V Henning ◽  
F Scheler ◽  
U Langenbeck
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Keto Analogues

scholarly journals Absorption of Keto-Analogues of Branched-Chain Amino Acids from Rat Small Intestine

1979 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Weber ◽  
Susan B. Deak ◽  
Roger A. Laine
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Keto Analogues

scholarly journals Branched-Chain Amino Acids Have Equivalent Effects to Other Essential Amino Acids on Lifespan and Aging-Related Traits in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Juricic ◽  
Sebastian Grönke ◽  
Linda Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Compensatory Feeding ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been suggested to be particularly potent activators of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Moreover, increased circulating BCAAs are associated with higher risk of insulin resistance and diabetes in both mice and humans, and with increased mortality in mice. However, it remains unknown if BCAAs play a more prominent role in longevity than do other essential amino acids (EAAs). To test for a more prominent role of BCAAs in lifespan and related traits in Drosophila, we restricted either BCAAs or a control group of three other EAAs, threonine, histidine and lysine (THK). BCAA restriction induced compensatory feeding, lipid accumulation, stress resistance and amelioration of age-related gut pathology. It also extended lifespan in a dietary-nitrogen-dependent manner. Importantly, the control restriction of THK had similar effects on these phenotypes. Our control diet was designed to have every EAA equally limiting for growth and reproduction, and our findings therefore suggest that the level of the most limiting EAAs in the diet, rather than the specific EAAs that are limiting, determines the response of these phenotypes to EAA restriction.

Treatment of Maple Syrup Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-815
Author(s):  
JOHN H. MENKES
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Degradation Product ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Maple Syrup ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Keto Analogues

In the course of further investigations on the excretory products in maple syrup disease the strong likelihood has arisen that the defect is more extensive than is indicated in my previous article (Pediatrics, 23:348, 1959). Initially, the presence of high urinary levels of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid together with the excretion of the keto analogues of valine and isoleucine suggested an abnormality in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids. This postulate, however, does not explain the excretion of a cyclic ester of alpha-hydroxybutyric acid, which, as first suggested by A. J. Smith and L. B. Strang (Arch. Dis. Childhood, 33:109, 1958), is responsible for the maple syrup odor. This compound could well arise as a degradation product of methionine, of which the urinary excretion is also high (Brit. M. J., 1:91, 1959), by way of alpha-ketobutyric acid.

An Overview on Essential Amino Acids and Branched Chain Amino Acids

2019 ◽  
pp. 509-519
Author(s):  
José Miguel Martínez Sanz ◽  
Aurora Norte Navarro ◽  
Elia Salinas García ◽  
Isabel Sospedra López
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

Branched-Chain Amino Acids Depletion during Hemodialysis Is Associated with Fatigue

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Debnath ◽  
Carlos Lorenzo ◽  
Shweta Bansal ◽  
Juan Morales ◽  
Rain O. Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Branched Chain

Background: Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms reported by maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Hemodialysis causes marked depletion in plasma essential amino acids. We studied the cross-sectional relationship of pre- and post-hemodialysis branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) concentrations with fatigue in MHD patients. Methods: MHD patients self-reported fatigue during a dialysis session using the Brief Fatigue Inventory. Pre- and post-dialysis plasma levels of BCAAs (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) were measured using HPLC-mass spectrometry. Results: The mean age of study participants (n = 114) was 54.8 ± 12.8 years. Plasma levels of BCAAs decreased significantly post-dialysis compared to pre-dialysis (303.8 ± 9.4 vs. 392.1 ± 9.4 μM/L, p < 0.0001). Fatigue score increased as a function of age (p = 0.015). There was no association between pre-dialysis plasma levels of BCAAs and fatigue. A significant negative correlation was found between post-dialysis plasma levels of BCAAs and fatigue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that disruption in BCAAs homeostasis may play a role in precipitating fatigue.

scholarly journals Activation of mTORC1 by leucine is potentiated by branched-chain amino acids and even more so by essential amino acids following resistance exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. C874-C884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Moberg ◽  
William Apró ◽  
Björn Ekblom ◽  
Gerrit van Hall ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Branched Chain

Protein synthesis is stimulated by resistance exercise and intake of amino acids, in particular leucine. Moreover, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling by leucine is potentiated by the presence of other essential amino acids (EAA). However, the contribution of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to this effect is yet unknown. Here we compare the stimulatory role of leucine, BCAA, and EAA ingestion on anabolic signaling following exercise. Accordingly, eight trained volunteers completed four sessions of resistance exercise during which they ingested either placebo, leucine, BCAA, or EAA (including the BCAA) in random order. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest, immediately after exercise, and following 90 and 180 min of recovery. Following 90 min of recovery the activity of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) was greater than at rest in all four trials (Placebo<Leucine<BCAA<EAA; P < 0.05 time × supplement), with a ninefold increase in the EAA trial. At this same time point, phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) at Thr37/46 was unaffected by supplementation, while that of Thr46 alone exhibited a pattern similar to that of S6K1, being 18% higher with EAA than BCAA. However, after 180 min of recovery this difference between EAA and BCAA had disappeared, although with both these supplements the increases were still higher than with leucine (40%, P < 0.05) and placebo (100%, P < 0.05). In summary, EAA ingestion appears to stimulate translation initiation more effectively than the other supplements, although the results also suggest that this effect is primarily attributable to the BCAA.

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