scholarly journals The effect of nuts on markers of glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa M Tindall ◽  
Emily A Johnston ◽  
Penny M Kris-Etherton ◽  
Kristina S Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACT Background Observational evidence suggests higher nut consumption is associated with better glycemic control; however, it is unclear if this association is causal. Objectives We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effect of tree nuts and peanuts on markers of glycemic control in adults. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. A total of 1063 potentially eligible articles were screened in duplicate. From these articles, 40 were eligible for inclusion and data from these articles were extracted in duplicate. The weighted mean difference (WMD) between the nut intervention and control arms was determined for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method. For outcomes where a limited number of studies were published, a qualitative synthesis was presented. Results A total of 40 randomized controlled trials including 2832 unique participants, with a median duration of 3 mo (range: 1–12 mo), were included. Overall consumption of tree nuts or peanuts had a favorable effect on HOMA-IR (WMD: −0.23; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.06; I2 = 51.7%) and fasting insulin (WMD: −0.40 μIU/mL; 95% CI: −0.73, −0.07 μIU/mL; I2 = 49.4%). There was no significant effect of nut consumption on fasting blood glucose (WMD: −0.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: −1.43, 0.38 mg/dL; I2 = 53.4%) or HbA1c (WMD: 0.02%; 95% CI: −0.01%, 0.04%; I2 = 51.0%). Conclusions Consumption of peanuts or tree nuts significantly decreased HOMA-IR and fasting insulin; there was no effect of nut consumption on HbA1c or fasting glucose. The results suggest that nut consumption may improve insulin sensitivity. In the future, well-designed clinical trials are required to elucidate the mechanisms that account for these observed effects.

scholarly journals The Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Doosti-Irani ◽  
Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi ◽  
Naghmeh Mirhosseini ◽  
MohammadAli Mansournia ◽  
Russel Reiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to clarify the effect of melatonin supplementation on glycemic control. Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until July 30th, 2018. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias for included trials. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using random-effect models and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Twelve trials out of 292 selected reports were identified eligible to be included in current meta-analysis. The pooled findings indicated that melatonin supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose (SMD=–6.34; 95% CI, –12.28, –0.40; p=0.04; I2: 65.0) and increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (SMD=0.01; 95% CI, 0.00, 0.02; p=0.01; I2: 0.0). However, melatonin administration did not significantly influence insulin levels (SMD=–1.03; 95% CI, –3.82, 1.77; p=0.47; I2: 0.53), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD=–0.34; 95% CI, –1.25, 0.58; p=0.37; I2: 0.37) or HbA1c levels (SMD=–0.22; 95% CI, –0.47, 0.03; p=0.08; I2: 0.0). In summary, the current meta-analysis showed a promising effect of melatonin supplementation on glycemic control through reducing fasting glucose and increasing QUICKI, yet additional prospective studies are recommended, using higher supplementation doses and longer intervention period, to confirm the impact of melatonin on insulin levels, HOMA-IR and HbA1c.

scholarly journals Correction: The Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. e6-e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Doosti-Irani ◽  
Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi ◽  
Naghmeh Mirhosseini ◽  
Mohammad Mansournia ◽  
Russel Reiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Melatonin and Cardioprotection in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Domínguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Pedro Abreu-González ◽  
Néstor Báez-Ferrer ◽  
Russel J. Reiter ◽  
Pablo Avanzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Mean Differences

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury represents a critical problem associated with interventional approaches for coronary reperfusion. Pharmacological cardioprotective interventions are advocated to ameliorate IR injury. Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent with a wide range of therapeutic properties that may contribute to its cardioprotective effects. No systematic review or meta-analysis has compared melatonin vs. placebo as a cardioprotective agent in humans. The present study, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, was carried out to assess melatonin's efficacy as a cardioprotective treatment. We performed a systematic review of the available literature. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and information was extracted using predefined data extraction forms. The primary outcomes were (a) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and (b) blood troponin levels in patients who underwent myocardial revascularization and were randomized to melatonin or placebo. The inverse-variance random-effects method was used to pool the estimates. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences were calculated. A total of 283 records were screened and seven RCTs met all the inclusion criteria. After the pooled analysis, the results on LVEF were consistent across all studies, and a significant heterogeneity was found in the results on troponin levels. The melatonin-treated patients had on average higher LVEF than the placebo-treated individuals with a weighted mean difference = 3.1% (95% CI 0.6–5.5, p = 0.01). Five works compared the levels of troponin after melatonin or placebo treatment. The melatonin-treated patients had lower levels of troponin with a standardized mean difference = −1.76 (95% CI −2.85 to −0.67, p = 0.002). The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that melatonin administration in humans as a cardioprotective agent attenuated heart dysfunction with a favorable effect on the LVEF.

scholarly journals Acupuncture for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Clinical Trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Dae Kim ◽  
In Heo ◽  
Byung-Cheul Shin ◽  
Cindy Crawford ◽  
Hyung-Won Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

To evaluate the current evidence for effectiveness of acupuncture for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the form of a systematic review, a systematic literature search was conducted in 23 electronic databases. Grey literature was also searched. The key search terms were “acupuncture” and “PTSD.” No language restrictions were imposed. We included all randomized or prospective clinical trials that evaluated acupuncture and its variants against a waitlist, sham acupuncture, conventional therapy control for PTSD, or without control. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 2 uncontrolled clinical trials (UCTs) out of 136 articles in total were systematically reviewed. One high-quality RCT reported that acupuncture was superior to waitlist control and therapeutic effects of acupuncture and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) were similar based on the effect sizes. One RCT showed no statistical difference between acupuncture and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). One RCT reported a favorable effect of acupoint stimulation plus CBT against CBT alone. A meta-analysis of acupuncture plus moxibustion versus SSRI favored acupuncture plus moxibustion in three outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the evidence of effectiveness of acupuncture for PTSD is encouraging but not cogent. Further qualified trials are needed to confirm whether acupuncture is effective for PTSD.

scholarly journals Effect of Oats and Oat-Fiber on Glycemic Control in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 489-489
Author(s):  
Victoria Chen ◽  
Andreea Zurbau ◽  
Amna Ahmed ◽  
Tauseef Khan ◽  
Cyril Kendall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Objectives Current approved health claims in Canada, US and Europe recognize the ability of oat ß-glucan to lower blood cholesterol; however, its ability to improve glycemic control is less certain. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to update the evidence of the effect of oats and oat-fiber on markers of glycemic control in people with and without diabetes. Here we present data for the subgroup with diabetes. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through September 23rd, 2020. We included randomized controlled trials of ≥ 2-weeks of sources of oat ß-glucan and measures of glycemic control in diabetes. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of bias (Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 Tool). The outcomes were fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2h-plasma glucose (2h-PG) from a 75 g-oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). Pooled estimates were expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI). GRADE assessed the certainty of the evidence. Results Eligibility criteria were met by 5 trial comparisons (N = 359) in type 2 diabetes. No trials were identified in type 1 diabetes. Consumption of oat ß-glucan sources reduced FPG (MD = −0.37 mmol/L [95% CI: −0.70, −0.05 mmol/L], P = 0.03, I2 = 0.00%, PQ = 0.76) and 2h-PG (MD = −1.24 mmol/L [95% CI: −1.97, −0.51 mmol/L], P = 0.00, I2 = 0.00%, PQ = 0.56). There were non-significant reductions in HbA1c (MD = −0.12%, [95% CI: −0.26, 0.01%], P = 0.07, I2 = 0.00%, PQ = 1.00) and FPI (MD = −4.59 pmol/L, [95% CI: −14.71, 5.52 pmol/L], P = 0.37, I2 = 40.84%, PQ = 0.19). The certainty of evidence was high for 2h-PG and moderate for FPG, HbA1c and FPI (single downgrades for imprecision in each case). Conclusions Current evidence provides a good indication that consumption of oat ß-glucan results in small improvements of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. More high quality randomized trials are required to improve the precision of the pooled estimates. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04631913) Funding Sources Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, Diabetes Canada, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto 3D foundation

scholarly journals Acute glycemic and insulinemic effects of low-energy sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Greyling ◽  
Katherine M Appleton ◽  
Anne Raben ◽  
David J Mela
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Background It has been suggested that low-energy sweeteners (LES) may be associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, possibly due to stimulation of glucose-responsive mechanisms. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies examining the acute effect of LES intake on postprandial glucose (PPG) and postprandial insulin (PPI) responses, in order to comprehensively and objectively quantify these relations. Methods We systematically searched the Medline, OVID FSTA, and SCOPUS databases until January 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing acute postprandial effects on PPG and/or PPI after exposure to LES, either alone, with a meal, or with other nutrient-containing preloads to the same intervention without LES were eligible for inclusion. PPG and PPI responses were calculated as mean incremental area under the curve divided by time. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models with inverse variance weighing. Results Twenty-six papers (34 PPG trials and 29 PPI trials) were included. There were no reports of statistically significant differences in the effects of LES on PPG and PPI responses compared with control interventions. Pooled effects of LES intake on the mean change difference in PPG and PPI were −0.02 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.09, 0.05) and −2.39 pmol/L (95% CI: −11.83, 7.05), respectively. The results did not appreciably differ by the type or dose of LES consumed, cointervention type, or fasting glucose and insulin levels. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, the mean change difference indicated a smaller PPG response after exposure to LES compared with the control (−0.3 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.53, −0.07). Conclusions Ingestion of LES, administered alone or in combination with a nutrient-containing preload, has no acute effects on the mean change in postprandial glycemic or insulinemic responses compared with a control intervention. Apart from a small beneficial effect on PPG (−0.3 mmol/L) in studies enrolling patients with type 2 diabetes, the effects did not differ by type or dose of LES, or fasting glucose or insulin levels. This review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42018099608.

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