The Determination of Prothrombin (Two-stage Method) and Antithrombin Using Commercially Available Reagents*

1947 ◽  
Vol 17 (9_ts) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Hurn ◽  
Frank D. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Two Stage

Quantitative Determination of Plasminogen

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D Bruhn ◽  
L Müller ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Frozen Plasma

SummaryA modification of the caseinolytic assay for plasminogen is described. This assay system is characterized by the following features :1. Urokinase is used as activator achieving a complete activation of the plasminogen whereas with streptokinase caseinolytically inactive plasminogen-activator complexes are formed.2. All incubation times are reduced to the minimum which is still compatible with accuracy.3. Results are expressed in percent of a standard of ten normal plasmas.4. In this two-stage assay-system (activation of plasminogen to plasmin, digestion of casein by plasmin) both stages proceed simultaneously in the same system, thus the plasmin formed is stabilized “in statu nascendi” by the casein.5. Several conditions (stability of plasminogen in frozen plasma, use of anticoagulants, reproducibility) are defined.

Two-Stage Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin III Concentration and Some Applications

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S Reno ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The One ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryA two-stage assay procedure was developed for the determination of the autoprothrombin C titre which can be developed from prothrombin or autoprothrombin III containing solutions. The proenzyme is activated by Russell’s viper venom and the autoprothrombin C activity that appears is measured by its ability to shorten the partial thromboplastin time of bovine plasma.Using the assay, the autoprothrombin C titre was determined in the plasma of several species, as well as the percentage of it remaining in the serum from blood clotted in glass test tubes. Much autoprothrombin III remains in human serum. With sufficient thromboplastin it was completely utilized. Plasma from selected patients with coagulation disorders was assayed and only Stuart plasma was abnormal. In so-called factor VII, IX, and P.T.A. deficiency the autoprothrombin C titre and thrombin titre that could be developed was normal. In one case (prethrombin irregularity) practically no thrombin titre developed but the amount of autoprothrombin C which generated was in the normal range.Dogs were treated with Dicumarol and the autoprothrombin C titre that could be developed from their plasmas decreased until only traces could be detected. This coincided with a lowering of the thrombin titre that could be developed and a prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time. While the Dicumarol was acting, the dogs were given an infusion of purified bovine prothrombin and the levels of autoprothrombin C, thrombin and one-stage prothrombin time were followed for several hours. The tests became normal immediately after the infusion and then went back to preinfusion levels over a period of 24 hrs.In other dogs the effect of Dicumarol was reversed by giving vitamin K1 intravenously. The effect of the vitamin was noticed as early as 20 min after administration.In response to vitamin K the most pronounced increase was with that portion of the prothrombin molecule which yields thrombin. The proportion of that protein with respect to the precursor of autoprothrombin C increased during the first hour and then started to go down and after 3 hrs was equal to the proportion normally found in plasma.

Crime and Punishment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Adelstein
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Supreme Court Case

This chapter elaborates the operation of criminal liability by closely considering efficient crimes and the law’s stance toward them, shows how its commitment to proportional punishment prevents the probability scaling that systemically efficient allocation requires, and discusses the procedures that determine the actual liability prices imposed on offenders. Efficient crimes are effectively encouraged by proportional punishment, and their nature and implications are examined. But proportional punishment precludes probability scaling, and induces far more than the systemically efficient number of crimes. Liability prices that match the specific costs imposed by the offender at bar are sought through a two-stage procedure of legislative determination of punishment ranges ex ante and judicial determination of exact prices ex post, which creates a dilemma: whether to price crimes accurately in the past or deter them accurately in the future. An illustrative Supreme Court case bringing all these themes together is discussed in conclusion.

scholarly journals Determination of 1-chloro-1, 2-dibromoethane in the oils and emulsions by means of a two-stage gas chromatography

1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 688-691
Author(s):  
Takashi HATTA ◽  
Masamichi KUROSAKI ◽  
Toshihisa SUNADORI ◽  
Hironori HASHIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Two Stage

scholarly journals The Scopoletin-HRP Fluorimetric Determination of H2O2 in Seawaters—A Plea for the Two-Stage Protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Wu ◽  
George Wong ◽  
Yao-Chu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fluorimetric Determination ◽  
Two Stage

Two-stage extraction preconcentration and HPLC determination of phenol and 1-naphthol in aqueous solutions

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1122-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Sukhanov ◽  
S. P. Kalinkina ◽  
Ya. I. Korenman
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hplc Determination ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Extraction Preconcentration

Determination of Optimum Gear Ratios of Two-Stage Bevel Helical Gearboxes for Getting Minimum Gearbox Volume

2022 ◽  
pp. 302-311
Author(s):  
Bui Thanh Danh ◽  
Tran Thi Phuong Thao ◽  
Tran Ngoc Huy Thinh ◽  
Nguyen Huu Quang ◽  
Le Hoang Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Stage

Control of the Compound Zone or White Layer

2003 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
White Layer ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Nitrided Case ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Nitrided Sample

Abstract The compound zone is more commonly known as the white layer, simply because when the nitrided sample is sectioned through the case, and then polished and etched with a standard solution of nital (2 to 5% nitric acid and alcohol), the immediate surface etches out white in appearance above the nitrided case. This chapter focuses on the methods to control the compound zone or white layer. It first provides information on a test to determine the presence of the white layer, and discusses the processes involved in the reduction of the compound zone by the two-stage process. Next, it describes the methods for controlling compound zone formation, and, finally, reviews the factors related to the determination of case depth nitriding.

Modeling population dynamics and nonstationary processes of difficult-to-age fishery species with a hierarchical Bayesian two-stage model

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2199-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Laura M. Lee ◽  
Jason Rock
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Fishery Species

Modeling population dynamics and establishing a comprehensive population assessment for fishery species that are difficult to age have been challenging. Determination of age for such species is still an unresolved issue or is at best uncertain. Catch-survey analysis does not require full age information but can still provide a comprehensive population assessment. It was extended to incorporate multiple surveys and multiple sources of uncertainties within the statistical catch-at-age framework in the applications to crustaceans. Here, we further generalize and extend the multiple survey catch-survey analysis into a hierarchical Bayesian two-stage model by applying the hierarchical Bayesian approach. The hierarchical Bayesian approach can sufficiently incorporate uncertainty and expert opinions in parameter estimation. We developed a series of models with different assumptions for natural mortality and catchability, including nonstationary (i.e., time-varying) assumptions. We evaluated model robustness to these assumptions and compared population dynamics estimates and population status determination. We demonstrated the application of the hierarchical Bayesian two-stage model using the North Carolina blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) example. In this example, estimation of population size and fishing mortality and determination of population status were robust to the natural mortality and catchability assumptions. The North Carolina blue crab population is less likely to have nonstationary catchability or nonstationary natural mortality. Its natural mortality is more likely to vary by stage than by sex or over time.

scholarly journals The Determination of Sample Size for Sensitive Issue Successive Survey with the Multiplication RRT Model under Two-Stage and Stratified Two-Stage Random Sampling and Its Application in Medical Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bo Yu ◽  
Xiaonan Liang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Qiao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
Survey Accuracy ◽  
The Cost

When designing the sample scheme, it is important to determine the sample size. The survey accuracy and cost of survey and sampling method should be considered comprehensively. In this article, we discuss the method of determining the sample size of complex successive sampling with rotation sample for sensitive issue and deduce the formulas for the optimal sample size under two-stage sampling and stratified two-stage sampling by using Cauchy-Schwartz inequality, respectively, so as to minimize the cost for given sampling errors and to minimize the sampling errors for given cost.

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