scholarly journals Congenital Malformations and Perinatal Deaths among the Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors: A Reappraisal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Yamada ◽  
Kyoji Furukawa ◽  
Yoshimi Tatsukawa ◽  
Keiko Marumo ◽  
Sachiyo Funamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Perinatal Deaths ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Congenital Malformations

Abstract From 1948 to 1954, the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission conducted a study of pregnancy outcomes of children of atomic bomb survivors who had received radiation doses from zero to near-lethal levels. Past reports (1956, 1981, and 1990) on the cohort did not identify significant associations of radiation exposure with untoward pregnancy outcomes such as major congenital malformations, stillbirths, or neonatal deaths, individually or in aggregate. We have re-examined the risk of major congenital malformations and perinatal deaths in the children of the atomic bomb survivors (N=71,603) using fully reconstructed data to minimize the potential for bias, with refined estimates of the gonadal dose from the Dosimetry System 2002 and refined analytical methods for characterizing dose-response relationships. The analyses show that parental exposure is associated with increased risk for major congenital malformations and perinatal deaths, but the estimates are imprecise for direct radiation effects and most are not statistically significant. Nonetheless, the uniformly positive estimates for untoward pregnancy outcomes among children of both maternal and paternal survivors are useful for risk assessment purposes, although extending them to circumstances other than atomic bomb survivors comes with uncertainty as to the generalizability of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki populations.

P4-113: Incidence of dementia among atomic bomb survivors: Radiation effects research foundation Adult Health Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. T702-T702
Author(s):  
Michiko Yamada ◽  
Fumiyoshi Kasagi ◽  
Yasuyo Mimori ◽  
Takafumi Miyachi ◽  
Tomohiko Ohshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

scholarly journals Risks of 23 specific malformations associated with prenatal exposure to 10 antiepileptic drugs

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. e167-e180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Olivier Blotière ◽  
Fanny Raguideau ◽  
Alain Weill ◽  
Elisabeth Elefant ◽  
Isabelle Perthus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exact Confidence Intervals ◽  
Major Congenital Malformations

ObjectiveTo assess the association between exposure to monotherapy with 10 different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during the first 2 months of pregnancy and the risk of 23 major congenital malformations (MCMs).MethodsThis nationwide cohort study, based on the French health care databases, included all pregnancies ≥20 weeks and ending between January 2011 and March 2015. Women were considered to be exposed when an AED had been dispensed between 1 month before and 2 months after the beginning of pregnancy. The reference group included pregnant women with no reimbursement for AEDs. MCMs were detected up to 12 months after birth (24 months for microcephaly, hypospadias, and epispadias). Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for potential confounders for MCMs with at least 5 cases. Otherwise, we calculated crude ORs with exact confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe cohort included 1,886,825 pregnancies, 2,997 of which were exposed to lamotrigine, 1,671 to pregabalin, 980 to clonazepam, 913 to valproic acid, 579 to levetiracetam, 517 to topiramate, 512 to carbamazepine, 365 to gabapentin, 139 to oxcarbazepine, and 80 to phenobarbital. Exposure to valproic acid was associated with 8 specific types of MCMs (e.g., spina bifida, OR 19.4, 95% CI 8.6–43.5), and exposure to topiramate was associated with an increased risk of cleft lip (6.8, 95% CI 1.4–20.0). We identified 3 other signals. We found no significant association for lamotrigine, levetiracetam, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and gabapentin.ConclusionsThese results confirm the teratogenicity of valproic acid and topiramate. Because of the small numbers of cases and possible confounding, the other 3 signals should be interpreted with appropriate caution.

Radiation Effects: Cancer in Atomic Bomb Survivors.

Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 236 (4797) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
J. W. HOLLINGSWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors

scholarly journals Japanese pediatric and adult atomic bomb survivor dosimetry: potential improvements using the J45 phantom series and modern Monte Carlo transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith T. Griffin ◽  
Tatsuhiko Sato ◽  
Sachiyo Funamoto ◽  
Konstantin Chizhov ◽  
Sean Domal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Organ Dose ◽  
Neutron Dose ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Dosimetry System

AbstractThe radiation exposure estimates for the atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki have evolved over the past several decades, reflecting a constant strive by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) to provide thorough dosimetry to their cohort. Recently, a working group has introduced a new series of anatomical models, called the J45 phantom series, which improves upon those currently used at RERF through greater age resolution, sex distinction, anatomical realism, and organ dose availability. To evaluate the potential dosimetry improvements that would arise from their use in an RERF Dosimetry System, organ doses in the J45 series are evaluated here using environmental fluence data for 20 generalized survivor scenarios pulled directly from the current dosimetry system. The energy- and angle-dependent gamma and neutron fluences were converted to a source term for use in MCNP6, a modern Monte Carlo radiation transport code. Overall, the updated phantom series would be expected to provide dose improvements to several important organs, including the active marrow, colon, and stomach wall (up to 20, 20, and 15% impact on total dose, respectively). The impacts were especially significant for neutron dose estimates (up to a two-fold difference) and within organs which were unavailable in the previous phantom series. These impacts were consistent across the 20 scenarios and are potentially even greater when biological effectiveness of the neutron dose component is considered. The entirety of the dosimetry results for all organs are available as supplementary data, providing confident justification for potential future DS workflows utilizing the J45 phantom series.

scholarly journals Birth outcomes following antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy: Initial results from a pregnancy exposure registry in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ushma C. Mehta ◽  
Cari Van Schalkwyk ◽  
Prineetha Naidoo ◽  
Arthi Ramkissoon ◽  
Otty Mhlongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Year ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bivariable Analysis ◽  
Major Congenital Malformations ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Surface Examination ◽  
The Impact

Background: In 2013, a pregnancy exposure registry and birth defects surveillance (PER/BDS) system was initiated in eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), to assess the impact of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on birth outcomes.Objectives: At the end of the first year, we assessed the risk of major congenital malformations (CM) and other adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) detected at birth, in children born to women exposed to ART during pregnancy.Method: Data were collected from women who delivered at Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, Durban, from 07 October 2013 to 06 October 2014, using medicine exposure histories and birth outcomes from maternal interviews, clinical records and neonatal surface examination. Singleton births exposed to only one ART regimen were included in bivariable analysis for CM risk and multivariate risk analysis for ABO risk.Results: Data were collected from 10 417 women with 10 517 birth outcomes (4013 [38.5%] HIV-infected). Congenital malformations rates in births exposed to Efavirenz during the first trimester (T1) (RR 0.87 [95% CI 0.12–6.4; p = 0.895]) were similar to births not exposed to ART during T1. However, T1 exposure to Nevirapine was associated with the increased risk of CM (RR 9.28 [95% CI 2.3–37.9; p = 0.002]) when compared to the same group. Other ABOs were more frequent in the combination of HIV/ART-exposed births compared to HIV-unexposed births (29.9% vs. 26.0%, adjusted RR 1.23 [1.14–1.31; p 0.001]).Conclusion: No association between T1 use of EFV-based ART regimens and CM was observed. Associations between T1 NVP-based ART regimen and CM need further investigation. HIV- and ART-exposed infants had more ABOs compared to HIV-unexposed infants.

scholarly journals Pregnancy outcomes following botulinum toxin type A exposure: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Abdelkader ◽  
Elif Keskin Arslan ◽  
Hilal Erol- Coskun ◽  
Gözde Küçüksolak ◽  
Yusuf Cem Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Major Congenital Malformations

Objective: To evaluate the available human data to-date in order to assess whether the prenatal exposure to botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is associated with major congenital malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Reprotox in November  2017. Cohort and case-control studies, case series, case reports were the primary data of interest. Results: No controlled studies but case series and case reports of therapeutic BTX-A administration during pregnancy were identified. Case reports regarding pregnant women with botulism were also reviewed. Conclusions: Limited data suggests that BTX-A exposure for therapeutic indications during pregnancy does not seem to be associated with an increase in risk of major congenital malformations. Rates of fetal loss were substantially different between prospective and retrospective data. Controlled epidemiological studies are needed to refute or support our findings.

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