scholarly journals Short- and Longer-Term Benefits of Temporary Alcohol Abstinence During ‘Dry January’ Are Not Also Observed Among Adult Drinkers in the General Population: Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O de Visser ◽  
Richard Piper
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Alcohol Abstinence ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract Aims The alcohol abstinence challenge ‘Dry January’ continues to grow, but there is a lack of knowledge of how Dry January participants compare to the general population. There is also a need to determine whether benefits experienced by Dry January participants are unique to that group or are also observed among other people. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using online questionnaires in early January, February and August 2019. We compared 1192 Dry January participants and 1549 adult drinkers who did not attempt to abstain from alcohol. Key outcomes were self-rated physical health, psychological well-being (Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale), control over drinking (Drink Refusal Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSE)) and alcohol intake (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C) subscale). Baseline differences in demographic and alcohol consumption variables were included as covariates in between-group analyses. Results Dry January participants had higher SES, poorer well-being, higher AUDIT-C scores and less control over their drinking than the general population. Beneficial changes in health, WEMWBS, DRSE and AUDIT-C observed among people completing Dry January were not observed among other adult drinkers. Conclusions Dry January appears to attract people who are heavier drinkers than the general population and who are more concerned about their alcohol intake. Completion of Dry January is associated with short- and longer-term benefits to well-being that are not observed in the general population.

scholarly journals Could listening to music during pregnancy be protective against postnatal depression and poor wellbeing post birth? Longitudinal associations from a preliminary prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Rosie Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Mental Well Being

ObjectivesThis study explored whether listening to music during pregnancy is longitudinally associated with lower symptoms of postnatal depression and higher well-being in mothers post birth.DesignProspective cohort study.ParticipantsWe analysed data from 395 new mothers aged over 18 who provided data in the third trimester of pregnancy and 3 and 6 months later (0–3 and 4–6 months post birth).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPostnatal depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and well-being was measured using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. Our exposure was listening to music and was categorised as ‘rarely; a couple of times a week; every day <1 hour; every day 1–2 hours; every day 3–5 hours; every day 5+hrs’. Multivariable linear regression analyses were carried out to explore the effects of listening to music during pregnancy on depression and well-being post birth, adjusted for baseline mental health and potential confounding variables.ResultsListening during pregnancy is associated with higher levels of well-being (β=0.40, SE=0.15, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.70) and reduced symptoms of postnatal depression (β=−0.39, SE=0.19, 95% CI −0.76 to −0.03) in the first 3 months post birth. However, effects disappear by 4–6 months post birth. These results appear to be particularly found among women with lower levels of well-being and high levels of depression at baseline.ConclusionsListening to music could be recommended as a way of supporting mental health and well-being in pregnant women, in particular those who demonstrate low well-being or symptoms of postnatal depression.

Physical comorbidity in Older-Age Bipolar Disorder (OABD) compared to the general population - a 3-year longitudinal prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J.M. Beunders ◽  
Almar A.L. Kok ◽  
Panagiotis C. Kosmas ◽  
Aartjan T.F. Beekman ◽  
Caroline M. Sonnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Older Age

scholarly journals Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Visible Age-Related Signs and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in the General Population: A Prospective Cohort Study”

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Christoffersen ◽  
Ruth Frikke-Schmidt ◽  
Peter Schnohr ◽  
Gorm B. Jensen ◽  
Børge G. Nordestgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Sleep deficiency and motor vehicle crash risk in the general population: a prospective cohort study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Gottlieb ◽  
Jeffrey M. Ellenbogen ◽  
Matt T. Bianchi ◽  
Charles A. Czeisler
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Sleep Deficiency

Epidemiology of Polypharmacy in the General Population: 27-Year Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177-1179
Author(s):  
Silvan Licher ◽  
Brenda C.T. Kieboom ◽  
Loes E. Visser ◽  
Gijsbertus Ziere ◽  
Rikje Ruiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort

scholarly journals Sperm mitochondrial DNA biomarkers and couple fecundity

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2619-2625
Author(s):  
Allyson J Rosati ◽  
Brian W Whitcomb ◽  
Nicole Brandon ◽  
Germaine M Buck Louis ◽  
Sunni L Mumford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Lower Odds

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Do sperm mitochondrial DNA measures predict probability of pregnancy among couples in the general population? SUMMARY ANSWER Those with high sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) had as much as 50% lower odds of cycle-specific pregnancy, and 18% lower probability of pregnancy within 12 months. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Semen parameters have been found to poorly predict reproductive success yet are the most prevalent diagnostic tool for male infertility. Increased sperm mtDNAcn and mitochondrial DNA deletions (mtDNAdel) have been associated with decreased semen quality and lower odds of fertilization in men seeking fertility treatment. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A population-based prospective cohort study of couples discontinuing contraception to become pregnant recruited from 16 US counties from 2005 to 2009 followed for up to 16 months. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel from 384 semen samples were assessed via triplex probe-based quantitative PCR. Probability of pregnancy within 1 year was compared by mitochondrial DNA, and discrete-time proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relations with time-to-pregnancy (TTP) with adjustment for covariates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Higher sperm mtDNAcn was associated with lower pregnancy probability within 12 months and longer TTP. In unadjusted comparisons by quartile (Q), those in Q4 had a pregnancy probability of 63.5% (95% CI: 53.1% to 73.1%) compared to 82.3% (95% CI: 73.2% to 89.9%) for Q1 (P = 0.002). Similar results were observed in survival analyses adjusting for covariates to estimate fecundability odds ratios (FORs) comparing mtDNAcn in quartiles. Relative to those in Q1 of mtDNAcn, FORs (95% CI) were for Q2 of 0.78 (0.52 to 1.16), Q3 of 0.65 (0.44 to 0.96) and Q4 of 0.55 (0.37 to 0.81), and this trend of decreasing fecundability with increasing mtDNAcn quartile was statistically significant (FOR per log mtDNAcn = 0.37; P &lt; 0.001). Sperm mtDNAdel was not associated with TTP. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This prospective cohort study consisted primarily of Caucasian men and women and thus large diverse cohorts are necessary to confirm the associations between sperm mtDNAcn and couple pregnancy success in other races/ethnicities. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that sperm mtDNAcn has utility as a biomarker of male reproductive health and probability of pregnancy success in the general population. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R01-ES028298; PI: J.R.P.) and the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Contracts N01-HD-3-3355, N01-HD-3-3356 and N01-HD-3-3358). The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A

scholarly journals Is subjective well-being independently associated with mortality? A 14-year prospective cohort study in a representative sample of 25 139 US men and women

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e031776
Author(s):  
Steven D Barger ◽  
Timothy W Broom ◽  
Michael V Esposito ◽  
Taylor S Lane
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Self Rated Health

ObjectivesTo examine whether the inverse association of subjective well-being with mortality is independent of self-rated health and socioeconomic status in healthy adults.DesignA population-based prospective cohort study based on an in-person interview. Cox regression was used to examine mortality hazards for happiness alone and for a standardised summary well-being measure that included happiness, life satisfaction and negative emotions. Using prespecified analyses, we first adjusted for age and then additionally adjusted for self-rated health and then race/ethnicity, marital status, smoking and socioeconomic status.SettingProbability sample of adult US residents interviewed in their homes in 2001.Participants25 139 adults free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline.Primary outcome measureAll-cause mortality 14 years after the baseline interview as assessed by probabilistic matching using the National Death Index.ResultsAge-adjusted unhappiness was associated with mortality (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.45, p=0.001) but the association attenuated after adjusting for self-rated health (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.16, p=0.85). A similar pattern was seen for the summary well-being measure in fully adjusted models (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.00, p=0.30). In contrast, self-rated health was strongly associated with mortality. In the fully adjusted model with the summary well-being measure the hazards for good, very good and excellent self-rated health were 0.71 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.80, p<0.001), 0.63 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.71, p<0.001) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.51, p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsIn this representative sample of US adults, the association between well-being and mortality was strongly attenuated by self-rated health and to a lesser extent socioeconomic status.

Mediterranean diet and mortality in the elderly: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Alessandro Gialluisi ◽  
Mariarosaria Persichillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prolonged Survival

AbstractThe Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with prolonged survival in the general population, but no meta-analysis has apparently investigated the potential health benefits in relation to mortality in the elderly. We performed a longitudinal analysis on 5200 individuals aged ≥65 years identified within the general population recruited in the Moli-sani study cohort (2005–2010). Adherence to the MD was appraised by the a priori Mediterranean diet score (MDS; range 0–9). Survival estimates were derived using Cox regression and competing risk models. For the meta-analysis, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from inception until April 2018 to identify prospective studies on the MD and death risk in the elderly. Over a median follow-up of 8·1 years, a total of 900 deaths were ascertained in the elderly sub-sample of the Moli-sani cohort. A one-point increase in the MDS was associated with lower risk of all-cause, coronary artery disease/cerebrovascular and non-cardiovascular/non-cancer mortality (multi-variable hazard ratio (HR)=0·94; 95 % CI 0·90, 0·98; HR=0·91; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·99 and HR=0·89; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·96, respectively). In a meta-analysis of seven prospective studies, including our results, for a total of 11 738 participants and 3874 deaths, one-point increment in MDS was associated with 5 % (4–7 %) lower risk of all-cause death. An inverse linear dose–response relationship was found from a meta-analysis including three studies. In conclusion, a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis showed that closer adherence to the MD was associated with prolonged survival in elderly individuals, suggesting the appropriateness for older persons to adopt/preserve the MD to maximise their prospects for survival.

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