scholarly journals Control of Plant Bugs on Cotton, 1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
Glenn Studebaker
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract The efficacy of selected insecticides against plant bug species in Northeast, AR was evaluated. Test plots consisted of four, 38-inch rows 50 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were over-sprayed with oxamyl at 0.25 lbs (AI)/acre on 20 Jun and with cyhalothrin oat 0.025 lbs (AI)/acre on 19 Jul and 10 Aug. Treatments were applied on 16 Aug with a hand-held boom calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through two TX-4 hollow-cone nozzles per row at 40 psi. Treatments were evaluated 2 DAT with a 15" diameter sweep net, counting the number of plant bugs per 10 sweeps in each plot.

Control of Insects on Potatoes, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
R. E. Foster ◽  
W. G. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract Seed pieces were planted 15 May at the Pinney Purdue Research Farm, Wanatah, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft long, 5 ft apart, arranged in a RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips and delivering 16.3 gal water/acre at 30 psi. All Admire 2F treatments were applied in the furrow at planting. Foliar sprays were applied 28 Jun, 12 and 31 Jul. CPB were counted on ten plants per plot on 27 Jun, 5, 17 Jul and 7 Aug. PLH adults were monitored with a sweep net. Results are presented as the average number of CPB per 10 plants or average number of PLH adults per 20 sweeps. Yields were measured by harvesting all marketable tubers from each plot on 30 Aug.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Soybean Looper and Stink Bug Control on Soybean, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
B. J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
C. G. Clemens ◽  
D. J. Boethel ◽  
S. Micinski
Keyword(s):  
Red River ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Sample Plot ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Sweep Net ◽  
High Clearance

Abstract Efficacy of standard and experimental in secticides was evaluated in two small plot trials conducted at the Red River Research Station located near Bossier City, LA (Bossier Parish). Treatments were applied to ‘Hutcheson’ soybeans with a high clearance, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 5.9 gpa at 40 psi through TXVS6 hollow cone nozzles (2/row). Plots were 50 ft X 4 rows (40 inch centers) and arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 20 and 22 Aug in Tests 1 and 2, respectively. One 25-sweep sample/plot was taken with a standard 15-inch diam sweep net at 2, 5, and 9 DAT in Test 1 and 3 and 7 DAT in Test 2. On 27, 28, and 29 Aug both tests received 0.17,0.92, and 0.27 inches of rainfall, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means sep arated by DNMRT.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Foliar Applied Insecticides on Potato Leafhopper in Virginia-Type Peanut, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Test Area ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Full Coverage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Sweep Net ◽  
Area Data

Abstract Selected foliar applied insecticides were evaluated against PLH in Virginia-type peanut. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanut was planted on a producer’s farm in Isle of Wight County, VA using 36-inch row spacing. Foliar treatments were applied on 31 Jul as a full-coverage spray with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three D2-13 hollow-cone nozzles per row, one over the top and one on each side of each row. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates. Plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. PLH were sampled by making 5 sweeps per plot with a 15-cm-diameter sweep net and counting numbers of captured adults and nymphs. The pre-treatment sample was not taken on each plot, but was comprised of 20 random 5-sweep samples distributed throughout the planned test area. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.

scholarly journals Control of Soybean Insect Pests in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-270
Author(s):  
B. R. Leonard ◽  
P. A. Clay ◽  
D. J. Boethel ◽  
J. Thomas ◽  
A. T. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Air System ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract Two tests were conducted to evaluate insecticide efficacy against foliage feeding insect pests of soybean. Plots consisted of 5 rows (40 inch centers) × 50 ft, were planted on 7 Jun. Treatments in both tests were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 30 psi. Treatments were applied on 18 Aug and 20 Aug in Test 1 and Test 2, respectively. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated at 2 and 7 DAT using two 25-sweep samples/plot with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net. Rows 2 and 3 were sampled 2 DAT and rows 4 and 5 were sampled 7 DAT. On 20 Aug. 0.5 inches rainfall was recorded over the test area. However, the treatments in Test 2 were not applied until after the rainfall had occurred.

scholarly journals Control of Soybean Looper with Experimental Chemistry in Louisiana, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-252
Author(s):  
Alan T. Wier ◽  
David J. Boethel ◽  
P. Scott Lingren ◽  
B. Roger Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Screening Trial ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract The efficacy of several experimental insecticides that consist of pyrrole or avermectin chemistry, or exhibit insect growth regulator activity were evaluated against the soybean looper (SBL) on soybean in a small plot insecticide screening trial at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, Louisiana. Activity of these materials was compared to that of the standard recommended insecticide Larvin at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre. Plots measured 50 ft by 5 rows (40 inch spacing) and were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 23 Aug (R5, beginning seed stage) with a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 38 psi through TX8 hollow cone nozzles. Treatments were evaluated using 25 sweeps (15 inch diameter sweep net) per plot at 2, 5, and 7 DAT. No precipitation occurred throughout the duration of this experiment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Tarnished Plantbugs on Cotton in Mississippi, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
Jack T. Reed ◽  
C. S. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Pretreatment Assessment ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract This evaluation was made on Coker 312 cotton planted as buffer rows for a transgenic cotton trial which had received little insecticidal input throughout the season. Pretreatment assessment of the plantbug infestation was made by sampling 2 outside rows of 9 randomly chosen plots within the test site immediately prior to insecticide application by making 20 sweeps with a 15 inch diameter sweep net. The test was applied 30 Aug under the following conditions: 0-2.3 mph wind, 92°F, 53% RH, and 50% cloud cover. Statistical design was randomized complete block with 3 replications. Plots were 8 rows (38 inch centers) wide and 35 ft long. Applications were made with a high clearance plot sprayer equipped with a compressed air spray system utilizing a flat boom with TX4, hollow cone nozzles spaced at 19 inches traveling at 4 mph. Volumetric application rate was 5 gpa except for the Danitol and VI0009 treatments which were applied at 20 gpa by reducing tractor speed. Post treatment sampling was made 3 DAT by 20 sweeps with a 15 inch sweep net in each pair of the center 4 rows of each plot.

scholarly journals Control of Soybean Looper in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-236
Author(s):  
B. R. Leonard ◽  
C. A. White ◽  
A. T. Wier ◽  
P. S. Lingren
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Air ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Air System ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract Insecticide efficacy against soybean looper was evaluated at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) × 50 ft, planted 3 Jun. Treatments in both tests were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 23 Aug with a tractor-mounted boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. Treatments were evaluated at 3 and 7 DAT using two 25-sweep samples/plot with a standard 15 inch diameter sweep net. Rows 2 and 3 were sampled 3 DAT and rows 4 and 5 were sampled 7 DAT. No rainfall occurred during the test.

Electronic Cone Illumination with the Conventional Transmission Electron Microscope

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
William Krakow
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Lissajous Figures ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Imaging Mode ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Transmission Microscope

An electronic device has been constructed which manipulates the primary beam in the conventional transmission microscope to illuminate a specimen under a variety of virtual condenser aperture conditions. The device uses the existing tilt coils of the microscope, and modulates the D.C. signals to both x and y tilt directions simultaneously with various waveforms to produce Lissajous figures in the back-focal plane of the objective lens. Electron diffraction patterns can be recorded which reflect the manner in which the direct beam is tilted during exposure of a micrograph. The device has been utilized mainly for the hollow cone imaging mode where the device provides a microscope transfer function without zeros in all spatial directions and has produced high resolution images which are also free from the effect of chromatic aberration. A standard second condenser aperture is employed and the width of the cone annulus is readily controlled by defocusing the second condenser lens.

Experiments in Bright-Field Imaging with Hollow-Cone Illumination

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
W. Kunath ◽  
K. Weiss ◽  
E. Zeitler
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Field Imaging

Bright-field images taken with axial illumination show spurious high contrast patterns which obscure details smaller than 15 ° Hollow-cone illumination (HCI), however, reduces this disturbing granulation by statistical superposition and thus improves the signal-to-noise ratio. In this presentation we report on experiments aimed at selecting the proper amount of tilt and defocus for improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio by means of direct observation of the electron images on a TV monitor.Hollow-cone illumination is implemented in our microscope (single field condenser objective, Cs = .5 mm) by an electronic system which rotates the tilted beam about the optic axis. At low rates of revolution (one turn per second or so) a circular motion of the usual granulation in the image of a carbon support film can be observed on the TV monitor. The size of the granular structures and the radius of their orbits depend on both the conical tilt and defocus.

Three-fold astigmatism: An important TEM aberration

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 972-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.L. Krivanek ◽  
M.L. Leber
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Image Position

Three-fold astigmatism resembles regular astigmatism, but it has 3-fold rather than 2-fold symmetry. Its contribution to the aberration function χ(q) can be written as:where A3 is the coefficient of 3-fold astigmatism, λ is the electron wavelength, q is the spatial frequency, ϕ the azimuthal angle (ϕ = tan-1 (qy/qx)), and ϕ3 the direction of the astigmatism.Three-fold astigmatism is responsible for the “star of Mercedes” aberration figure that one obtains from intermediate lenses once their two-fold astigmatism has been corrected. Its effects have been observed when the beam is tilted in a hollow cone over a wide range of angles, and there is evidence for it in high resolution images of a small probe obtained in a field emission gun TEM/STEM instrument. It was also expected to be a major aberration in sextupole-based Cs correctors, and ways were being developed for dealing with it on Cs-corrected STEMs.

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