scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluation of a Neem Product Against DBM Larvae, 1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-409
Author(s):  
R.F.L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Plastic Petri Dish ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Head Cabbage

Abstract Treatments were evaluated using the leaf dip method. Head cabbage was seeded in community pots. Each pot containing approximately 10 cabbage plants in the 5 true leaf seedling stage was inverted and dipped in a test insecticide mix for about 30 sees for complete coverage. The dipped plants were allowed to air dry. For each dip, 1 liter insecticide mix was prepared based on field rate concentrations of 100 gal/acre. Leaves from treated plants were detached and placed in a ventilated plastic petri dish. DBM larvae from a laboratory colony that originated from individuals collected from a cabbage field at Kula, Hawaii and Kamuela, Hawaii were used. Ten late 2nd instars were placed on each leaf. Fresh leaves from the original treated plant were added every two days. The number of dead larvae was counted at 24-hour intervals. Larvae were recorded as dead when there was no movement when probed.

scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluation of Two IGR Insecticides Against DBM Larvae, 1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-411
Author(s):  
R.F.L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Plastic Petri Dish ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Head Cabbage

Abstract Treatments were evaluated using the leaf dip method. Head cabbage was seeded in community pots. Each pot containing approximately 10 cabbage plants in the 5-7 true leaf seedling stage was inverted and dipped in a solution of the test materials for about 30 sees for complete coverage. The dipped plants were allowed to air dry. For each dip, 1 liter solution of the test material was prepared based on field rate concentrations of 100 gal/acre. Leaves from treated plants were detached and placed in a ventilated plastic petri dish. DBM larvae from a laboratory colony that originated from individuals collected from a cabbage field at Kula, Hawaii and Kamuela, Hawaii were used. Ten 2nd instars were placed on each leaf. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. Xentari was used as the treated check. The number of dead larvae was counted at 24-hour intervals. Larvae were recorded as dead when there was no movement when probed. Leaves were changed every other day with fresh leaves from the previously treated pots.

scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluations of Bioinsecticides Against Dbm Larvae, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-327
Author(s):  
R. F. L. Mau ◽  
L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto ◽  
R. S. Shimabuku
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Plastic Petri Dish ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Head Cabbage ◽  
Respective Solution

Abstract Treatments were evaluated using the leaf dip method. Head cabbage was seeded in community pots. Each pot contained approximately 10 cabbage plants. Potted head cabbage in the 5 true leaf seedling stage were dipped in each respective solution for complete coverage and allowed to air dry. Leaves from treated plants were detached and placed in a ventilated plastic petri dish. DBM larvae from a laboratory colony that originated from individuals collected from a cabbage field at Kula, Hawaii were used. Ten newly hatched larvae were placed on each leaf. Fresh leaves from the original treated plant were added every two days. The number of dead larvae was counted at 24 or 48 hour intervals. Larvae were recorded as dead when there was no movement when probed.

TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA F. (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE), ESTABLISHED BY THREE EVALUATION METHODS

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Charnetski
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Megachile Rotundata ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leafcutter Bee ◽  
Significant Mortality

AbstractThree methods—tube chambers (ventilated and unventilated), petri dish chambers, and field cages—were used to evaluate the toxicity of deltamethrin, trichlorfon, and methoxychlor deposits on alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., to 1- to 7-day-old alfalfa leafcutter bees, Megachile rotundata (F.), 24 and 48 h after exposure. In unventilated tube chambers, all three insecticides were significantly toxic to male bees after 24 and 48 h, but only deltamethrin and trichlorfon were significantly toxic to female bees after 24 h. In ventilated tube chambers, only deltamethrin was significantly toxic by contact and then only to male bees at 24 h. Significant vapor action was observed only for trichlorfon and only in unventilated tube chambers. By the petri dish method, only deltamethrin caused significant mortality to male and female bees. However, bee mortality increased significantly between 24 and 48 h. By the field cage method, there was no significant difference in mortality among treatments and controls within the 24- and 48-h evaluations. Bee mortality in the controls was much higher in the petri dish and field cage methods than in either of the two variations of the tube chamber method. The three evaluation methods are compared and the need for a standardized laboratory evaluation procedure is discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of sulpher foam and mycorrhizal fungi on Eggplant infested with Nematode(Meloidogyne javanica) at seed or seedling stage

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Treated Plant

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sulphur foam added either at direct seeding or at transplanting decreased the effects of nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on eggplant growth, and improved plant health. Experiments were conducted to study the possible interactions between the Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mossae and Gigaspora spp.) and sulphur foam to control M. javanica on eggplant at seed or seedling stage. Experiment at seed stage treated with Mycorrhiza or sulphur foam alone or together stimulated the growth and reduced Nematode infestation significantly. Treated plant at seedling stage increased plant growth and reduced the number of galls /gm of root system. The interaction between Mycorrhiza and sulpher foam treatments was not significant.

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS TEMPERATURES AND (2-CHLOROETHYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND (ALLYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE ON PEPPERS AND TOMATOES

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tiessen
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Field Setting ◽  
Pepper Plants

Fireball tomato and Calwonder pepper plants were subjected, in the seedling stage, to different temperatures and to both drench and foliar applications of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and (allyl) trimethylammonium bromide (AMAB).Seedlings were exposed to minimum night temperatures of 54° to 56°F. and of 64° to 68°F. from the appearance of the first true leaf for 3 weeks for peppers and until field setting (6 weeks) for tomatoes. For both crops the lower temperature treatment gave an increase in early fruit number and yield.Drench applications of 100 milliliters per band to tomatoes and 900 milliliters per square foot to peppers of 10−3 and 10−4 M solutions of CCC or of AMAB produced shorter, stockier, darker-green plants with reduced foliage spread. Growth was further reduced by the lower temperature treatments. Both drenches reduced total yields in both tomatoes and peppers.Foliar treatments of CCC and of AMAB increased the total yield of peppers started at the warmer temperature. At the cooler temperature, however, yield was not affected by the CCC treatment but was reduced by the AMAB treatment. Foliar treatments with either chemical did not affect the total yield of tomatoes after seedling treatment at either temperature.

scholarly journals The sperm stewing in its own ROS—in the plastic Petri dish

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (17) ◽  
pp. 366-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst-Dieter Försterling ◽  
Attila E. Pavláth ◽  
Ádám R. Mester ◽  
Antonio L. B. Pinheiro ◽  
Mario A. Trelles
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Plastic Petri Dish

Comparative early growth of cotton seedlings expressing a visible true leaf at emergence and normal phenotype seedlings

1969 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Ortiz ◽  
Fred M. Bourland
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Normal Phenotype ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

At emergence, a cotton seedling of a normal phenotype has a poorly developed first true leaf and a photosynthetic area essentially limited to the cotyledons. After emergence, the expansion of the first true leaf and the vegetative development is slow, lengthening the seedling stage, thus increasing vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants of several breeding lines were found to express a visible first true leaf at emergence (VTLE), which may be associated with rapid growth through the seedling stage. The objectives were to compare early growth of seedlings expressing a VTLE with that of seedlings of a normal phenotype, and to compare their growth when cotyledons were removed at different times after emergence. In the first test, plants were rogued for either a VTLE or normal phenotype, and sampled 10, 20 and 30 days after emergence (DAE). Plants with a VTLE had more nodes, photosynthetic area and plant dry weight than plants of a normal phenotype. In the second test, either one or both cotyledons were removed at emergence and at 5-day intervals between 5 and 20 DAE. Removal of both cotyledons was more detrimental than the removal of one. Plant growth increased as the time of cotyledon removal was delayed from emergence. Even with cotyledon removal, plants expressing a VTLE grew more than plants of a normal phenotype. Differences associated with the expression of a VTLE were more conspicuous early in the plant development.

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