scholarly journals Evaluation of Synthetic Pyrethroids, Bidrin, and Fipronil for Control of Tarnished Plant Bug, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-246
Author(s):  
T. G. Teague ◽  
N. P. Tugwell
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Untreated Check

Abstract Field studies were conducted at the Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR to evaluate the late-season control of TPB. Cotton was planted 12 May in 8-row (38-inch centers) wide by 70-ft-long plots with 10-ft alleys and separated by a 6.5-ft non-planted buffer. The treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. The insecticides were applied 14 Aug using a 8-row CO2-charged hi-boy sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.5 gpa at 30 psi with TJ-60 8002 VS nozzles on 19-inch spacing. The numbers of TPB nymphs and adults per plot were estimated 4 DAT using 24 sweeps with one 18-inch net. Numbers of TPB 4 DAT were significantly reduced in all plots sprayed with insecticides compared with the untreated check. Control with the CS formu-lation of Karate was reduced compared with the EC formulation.

scholarly journals Response of Sesame to Selected Herbicides Applied Early in the Growing Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Jack J. Rose ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman ◽  
D. Ray Langham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of sesame to PRE and POST applications of soil residual herbicides. PRE applications of acetochlor andS-metolachlor at 1.26 and 1.43 kg ai·ha−1showed little or no sesame injury (0 to 1%) 4 wks after herbicide treatments (WAT). POST treatments of acetochlor and trifluralin made 3 wks after planting (WAP) resulted in greater sesame injury (40%) compared to applications at bloom (18%). Field studies were conducted in Texas and Oklahoma during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine sesame response to clethodim, diuron, fluometuron, ethalfluralin, quizalofop-P, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, trifluralin, and trifloxysulfuron-sodium applied 2, 3, or 4 weeks after planting (WAP). Late-season sesame injury with the dinitroaniline herbicides consisted of a proliferation of primary branching at the upper nodes of the sesame plant (in the shape/form of a broom). Ethalfluralin and trifluralin caused more “brooming” effect than pendimethalin. Some yield reductions were noted with the dinitroaniline herbicides. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium caused the greatest injury (up to 97%) and resulted in yield reductions from the untreated check. Early-season diuron injury (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) decreased as application timing was delayed, and late-season injury was virtually nonexistent with only slight chlorosis (<4%) still apparent on the lower leaves. Sesame yield was not consistently affected by the diuron treatments. Fluometuron caused early-season injury (stunting/chlorosis), and a reduction of yield was observed at one location. Pyroxasulfone applied 2 WAP caused up to 25% sesame injury (stunting) but did not result in a yield reduction. Quizalofop-P caused slight injury (<5%) and no reduction in yield.

Using Soil-Applied Herbicides in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybeans along the Texas Gulf Coast

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Untreated Check

Field studies were conducted at four locations over a 2-year period to evaluate the utility of soil-applied herbicides and glyphosate timing for weed control and soybean yield. Pendimethalin,S-metolachlor plus metribuzin, and flufenacet plus metribuzin were applied pre-emergence (PRE) alone or followed by glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST), late postemergence (LPOST), or EPOST plus LPOST. Soil-applied herbicides or glyphosate alone failed to control (<45%) broadleaf signalgrass in 2003 due to late-season rainfall, which accounted for a late flush of growth. In 2004, soil-applied herbicides alone controlled 79–100% broadleaf signalgrass, whereas glyphosate alone or in combination with soil-applied herbicides controlled at least 99%. Barnyardgrass and tall waterhemp were controlled at least 87% with soil-applied herbicides alone and at least 95% when glyphosate was used alone or in combination with a soil-applied herbicide. Soybean yield varied, but at only one location did herbicide treatments produce higher yields than the untreated check. Under low to moderate weed pressure, the use of a soil-applied herbicide followed by glyphosate failed to increase net returns over soil-applied herbicides alone.

Effect of Pendimethalin Formulation and Application Rate on Cotton Fruit Partitioning

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrin M. Dodds ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
Jonathan A. Huff ◽  
J. Trenton Irby
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Untreated Check

Because of the development of glyphosate-resistant weed species, the lack of new herbicide chemistry, and the late-season emergence of annual grass species, efforts are underway to expand the use of currently available herbicides for use in cotton. Field studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning. Oil- and water-based pendimethalin formulations as well asS-metolachlor were applied to cotton that had four true leaves. All pendimethalin andS-metolachlor applications included glyphosate for broad-spectrum weed control. Pendimethalin formulation and application rate had no effect on seed-cotton partitioning to horizontal fruiting zones, on second- or third-position horizontal fruiting sites, or on monopodial branches. However, increased seed-cotton partitioned to plants that had lost apical dominance was observed when the water-based pendimethalin formulation was applied at rates of 1.7 kg ai/ha and higher as well as when the oil-based pendimethalin formulation was applied at 3.3 kg ai/ha. Application of water-based pendimethalin at rates of 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai/ha and oil-based pendimethalin at rates of 0.8, 1.7, and 3.3 kg ai/ha resulted in reduced seed-cotton located at position 1 fruiting sites compared with the untreated check. POST application ofS-metolachlor had no effect on fruit partitioning to horizontal fruiting positions or vertical fruiting zones. Minor differences in seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodes were observed from application of glyphosate, pendimethalin, andS-metolachlor. However, no differences in seed-cotton yield were observed from application of glyphosate,S-metolachlor, or pendimethalin, regardless of formulation or application rate. POST pendimethalin application at rates less than 1.7 kg ai/ha is relatively safe and should provide cotton producers with an additional tool for herbicide-resistant weeds and late-season annual grasses.

CONTROL OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG LYGUS LINEOLARIS PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS ON PEACHES

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Pree
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon

AbstractCypermethrin was more toxic to adults of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois, in both laboratory and field studies, than other synthetic pyrethroid, organophosphorus, or chlorinated-hydrocarbon insecticides. The synthetic pyrethroids were more toxic than other groups of insecticides. Residues of cypermethrin were toxic to plant bugs for 7–10 days; other compounds were effective for shorter periods. In the field 1 application of cypermethrin effectively controlled tarnished plant bugs on peach.

scholarly journals Nutrient Management Effects on Wine Grape Tissue Nutrient Content

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
John L. Havlin ◽  
Robert Austin ◽  
David Hardy ◽  
Adam Howard ◽  
Josh L. Heitman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
N Management

With limited research supporting local nutrient management decisions in North Carolina grape (Vitis vinifera) production, field studies (2015–17) were conducted to evaluate late season foliar nitrogen (N) application on leaf and petiole N concentration and yeast assimilable N (YAN) in the fruit. Foliar urea (1% v/v) was applied at different rates and application times beginning pre-and post-veraison. Compared to soil applied N, late season foliar N substantially enhanced petiole N and grape YAN. Smaller split N applications were generally more effective in increasing YAN than single larger N rates. These data demonstrate the value of assessing plant N content at full bloom with petiole N analysis or remote sensing to guide foliar N management decisions. Additional field studies (2008–11) were conducted to evaluate pre-bud soil applied phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) effects on petiole P and K nutrient status. Fertilizer P and K were initially broadcast applied (0–896 kg P2O5 ha−1; 0–672 kg K2O ha−1) prior to bud-break in 2008–09 and petiole P and K at full bloom soil test P and K were monitored for three to four years after application. Soil test and petiole P and K were significantly increased with increasing P and K rates, which subsequently declined to near unfertilized levels over the sampling time depending on site and P and K rate applied. These data demonstrate the value of annually monitoring petiole P and K levels to accurately assess plant P and K status to better inform nutrient management decisions.

Influence of Herbicides and Timing of Application on Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field studies were conducted from 1992 through 1994 to evaluate application timing of seven postemergence (POST) broadleaf herbicides alone and in mixtures for control of eclipta and pitted morningglory. Imazethapyr and 2,4-DB did not control eclipta while AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) at 0.07 kg/ha provided greater than 90% control in 2 of 3 yr. EPOST applications of bentazon, acifluorfen + bentazon, and pyridate controlled eclipta at least 92% all 3 yr. Lactofen applied EPOST at 0.28 kg/ha provided similar levels of eclipta control in 2 of 3 yr. Imazethapyr controlled pitted morningglory > 70% when applied EPOST. AC 263,222 controlled pitted morningglory a minimum of 83% when applied EPOST at 0.04 or 0.07 kg/ha. Pitted morningglory control was at least 85% with 2,4-DB applied alone or in a mixture with AC 263,222, acifluorfen, imazethapyr, lactofen, or pyridate. Effective weed control increased peanut yields up to 98% over the untreated check.

Herbicide Systems for Golden Crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides) Control in Peanut1

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
D. C. Sestak
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Verbesina Encelioides ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Abstract Field studies were conducted in south Texas in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate various soil-applied herbicides alone and in combination with postemergence herbicides for golden crownbeard control. Ethalfluralin preplant incorporated (PPI) followed by imazapic or lactofen postemergence (POST) provided 100% golden crownbeard control. Ethalfluralin PPI followed by oxyfluorfen applied preemergence (PRE) or metolachlor + imazethapyr provided 90% control. Dimethenamid, ethalfluralin, and metolachlor alone failed to adequately control golden crownbeard. Golden crownbeard control was most effective when combination treatments were used (PPI or PRE followed by POST). Effective golden crownbeard control increased peanut yields up to 53% over that of the untreated check.

scholarly journals Castor (Ricinus communisL.) Tolerance to Postemergence Herbicides and Weed Control Efficacy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Calvin L. Trostle
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Potential US castor production is limited due to only one labeled herbicide (trifluralin). Field studies were conducted at two Texas locations during 2008 and 2009 to evaluate postemergence herbicides for castor tolerance and weed control efficacy. Clethodim and fluazifop-P-butyl caused no castor stunting while acifluorfen, bentazon, imazethapyr, and lactofen caused stunting which ranged from 5 to 46%. Imazapic and 2,4-DB caused the greatest stunting (44 to 99%) and resulted in castor yields of 0 to 45% of the untreated check. Acifluorfen, imazapic, imazethapyr, lactofen, and 2,4-DB controlled at least 80% smellmelon (Cucumis meloL. var. Dudaim Naud.) while clethodim and fluazifop-P-butyl controlled at least 98% Texas millet [Urochloa texana(Buckl.) R.Webster]. Imazapic and imazethapyr provided 57 to 75% Texas millet control. Results suggest that castor tolerance to the graminicides, clethodim, and fluazifop-P-butyl is high; however, castor injury and yield reductions with the postemergence applications of broadleaf herbicides suggest that these herbicides should not be used in castor production.

scholarly journals Using Quinclorac to Control Annual Grasses and Palmer Amaranth in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
James Grichar ◽  
Travis Janak
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Central ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Field studies were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in south-central Texas to determine control of Palmer amaranth and annual grasses along with grain sorghum tolerance to quinclorac alone and in various combinations when applied to weeds < 5 cm (EPOST) or 10 to 16 cm tall (LPOST). When evaluated late-season quinclorac alone at 0.43 kg ae ha-1 controlled broadleaf signalgrass 72% when applied EPOST and 91% when applied LPOST. Combinations of quinclorac with either atrazine, pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil, dicamba, or dimethenamid-P controlled Palmer amaranth 88 to 100% when applied EPOST or LPOST; however, broadleaf signalgrass control with these combination was better when applied LPOST (75 to 95%) compared with EPOST (37 to 72%) applications. Texas millet control with quinclorac was poor in both years and was never greater than 54%. Quinclorac plus either atrazine, pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil, dicamba, or atrazine + dimethenamid-P caused at least 20% sorghum injury at one of three locations. No yield reductions from the untreated check were noted in either year; however, in 2016 all treatments with the exception of quinclorac alone at 0.29 kg ha-1 applied EPOST, quinclorac + pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil applied LPOST, quinclorac + atrazine + pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil applied LPOST, and quinclorac + dicamba at either application timing produced yields that were greater than the untreated check.

Triazine-Resistant Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) Control in Field Corn (Zea maysL.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Myers ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field studies were conducted near Beechwood, WI in 1986 and Sturgeon Bay, WI in 1987 and 1988 to evaluate herbicide treatments for control of triazine-resistant common lambsquarters (TR-CHEAL) in corn. AH PRE and many early postemergence (EP) and POST treatments were less effective in 1988 than in 1986 or 1987 due to drought. Atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor PRE controlled less than 15% TR-CHEAL late-season over the three years. Dicamba or pendimethalin applied PRE controlled 88 to 99% late-season TR-CHEAL in 1986 and 1987. Late-season TR-CHEAL control in 1986 and 1987 from acetochlor plus atrazine, alachlor plus atrazine, and metolachlor plus linuron applied PRE ranged from 58 to 86%. Pendimethalin plus cyanazine or atrazine applied EP controlled TR-CHEAL 97% or more late-season in 1986 and 1987, while pendimethalin plus dicamba plus atrazine applied EP controlled TR-CHEAL 97% or more each year. Late-season TR-CHEAL control from tridiphane plus cyanazine or atrazine EP was less than 58%. Late-season TR-CHEAL control from dicamba, 2,4-D amine, pyridate, and thifensulfuron applied POST was 87 to 99% each year, and was 94 to 99% in 1986 and 1987 from bromoxynil or bentazon applied POST. Dicamba, thifensulfuron, pendimethalin, pyridate, and 2,4-D amine were most effective in controlling TR-CHEAL in corn.

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