scholarly journals Control of a Sharpshooter with Exp 80698A and Karate, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-273
Author(s):  
M. O. Way ◽  
R. G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Plastic Cylinder ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The greenhouse was maintained at 31° C, 70% relative humidity, and 12 h light:12 h dark. Each experimental unit was a pot (6 inch diam X 6 inch deep) filled with sifted League soil. On 30 Sep, selected pots were planted with 8 untreated or EXP 80698A 75 FS-treated seeds. Seeds were treated at the rates shown in the table using the “Le Sak” method developed by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. On the same day, selected pots were sprayed with EXP 80698A 75 FS at the rates shown in the table using a 4 nozzle (800067 tip size, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 9.0 gpa. On the same day, pots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre. Immediately following planting, and spraying, soil in each pot was “raked” with forceps to simulate incorporation. On 5 Oct, rice emerged through soil. On 21 Oct, selected pots were treated with Karate at the rate shown in the table using the same spray rig and final spray volume as before. Immediately after spraying Karate, a plastic cylinder was placed over 2 plants in each pot. Cylinders were 3 inch in diam so that the plant density within a cylinder was equal to a seeding rate of 90 lb/acre, given 100% emergence and survival of seeds. The cylinders were ventilated with screen windows and tops. After securing the cylinders, which served as cages, each was infested on 21 (Oct 17 d after emergence of rice through soil) with 5 adult sharpshooters. Insects were collected from untreated rice using a sweep net. Two d later, cages were inspected for live and dead sharpshooters. Data were expressed as % mortality which was transformed using arcsine. Transformed data were then analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and means separated by DMRT.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate 1Ec, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
M. O. Way ◽  
R. G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Metal Barrier

Abstract The experiments were conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. Experiment I was water-seeded rice with continuous flood. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and was surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 12 May plots were treated with Ordram 1 at 27 lb/acre and fertilized with urea at 110.5 lb N/acre followed by a light incorporation into dry, cloddy soil (League) with a rake. Plots were then flooded and sown (12 May) with presprouted Gulfmont seed at 130 lb dry seed/acre. To prepare presprouted seed, dry seed was soaked in water for 24 h then drained and allowed to air dry for 24 h before planting. Flood depth was about 4 inches and rice emerged through water 18 May–6 d after planting. Karate treatments were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screen), hand-held, CO2 pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 30 gpa. Furadan was applied with a hand-held shaker jar at the rate and time shown in Table 1. On 12 Jun (25 d after emergence of rice through water) 5, 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and immature RWW recovered. At maturity (24 Aug) plots were harvested with a small combine and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x+0.5 and all data analyzed by 2 way ANOVA and, where appropriate, DMRT.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Exp 80698A 75 Fs Applied Before the Permanent Flood in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
M. O. Way ◽  
R. G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 4 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and hand planted with untreated or treated seed at 100 lb seed/acre. EXP 80698A 75 FS was applied to seed at the rates in the table. Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company provided the treated seed. Also on 4 May, selected plots were tested with EXP 80698A 75 FS at the rates in the table using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 16.0 gpa. Immediately after planting and applying fertilizer and insecticide, dry League soil in plots was raked to incorporate urea, seed and insecticide. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flushed (24-48 h temporary flooding, then draining). Rice emerged through soil on 14 May. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 4 Jun (21 d after rice emergence through soil), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 28 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75 DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied by hand with a 20 ft spray boom pressurized with CO2. On 18 Jun (14 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were treated with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre using a hand-held shaker jar. On 19 Jun and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 30 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 173 lb/acre. On each of 29 Jun and 11 Jul (25 and 37 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. At maturity, plots were harvested (6 Sep = 115 d from emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Exp 80698A 75 Fs Applied After the Permanent Flood in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
M. O. Way ◽  
R. G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides and fertilizer. On 1 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and planted with 100 lb of untreated or EXP 80698A 75 FS-treated seed/acre at the rate shown in the table. Fertilizer and seed were incorporated into dry league soil with a rake. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flushed (24-48 h temporary flooding, then draining). Rice emerged through soil on 9 May. On 28 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75 DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied by hand with a 20 ft spray boom pressurized with CO2. Immediately before the permanent flood on 30 May (21 d after emergence of rice through soil), selected plots were treated with EXP 80698A 75 FS at 0.05 lb (AI)/acre. On 2 Jun, (3 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were treated with EXP 80698A 75 FS at 0.05 lb (AI)/acre and Karate at 0.03 lb (AI)/acre. All liquid insecticides were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens) hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 16.0 gpa. On 16 Jun and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 50 and 30 lb nitrogen/acre, respectively; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 193 lb/acre. On each of 25 Jun and 10 Jul (26 and 41 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. At maturity, plots were harvested (5 Sep = 119 d from emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Diflubenzuron–Eup Experiment,1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
M.O. Way ◽  
R.G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Experimental Use

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was a non-replicated experimental use permit (EUP) study with 4 treatments. Plot size was 4.77 acres. One d before planting, plots were fertilized by air with 55 lb nitrogen and 40 lb phosphorus/acre. Fertilizer was incorporated with a “do-all” On 23 Mar plots were drill planted (7.5 inches between rows) at 90 lb seed/acre. Soil type was Labelle. Seed was treated with Apron-FI, Vitavax 200 Flowable, Zinc Starter, and Release LC. After planting, plots were “rolled” to help cover seed and to create a firm seedbed. Plots were flush irrigated (temporary flood for 24h then drain) 2 Apr. Rice emerged 11 Apr. Rice was flush irrigated as needed until application of the permanent flood on 5 May (24 d after rice emergence). On 24 Apr, Facet 75DF and Stam 4E at 0.5 lb and 2 qt/acre, respectively, were applied by air. Urea at 60 lb nitrogen/acre was applied by air on 3 May. All diflubenzuron treatments and Furadan 3G were applied by air. Final spray volume for the diflubenzuron treatments was 10 gpa. On 30 May urea was applied by air at 55 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen for the season was 170 lb/acre. All aerial applications were made by M&M Air Service of Beaumont. On each of 26 May and 13 Jun (21 d and 39 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), twenty 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 7 Aug, plots were harvested with a John Deere 9400 combine. For yield data, 3 swaths (each swath 400 ft X 12 ft) in each plot were cut and total grain weight recorded. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed usingx + 0.5 and analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and LSD.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil With Fipronil Applied Post-Flood in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Cul-Ture,1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-299
Author(s):  
M.O. Way ◽  
R.G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Spray Treatment

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 9 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 10 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre. On the same day, dry plots were planted by hand with dry seed at 90 lb/acre. Designated plots received fipronil-treated seed which was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. Fertilizer and seed were incorporated into the soil (League clay) with a rake. Plots were flush irrigated (temporary flood for 24 h then drain) following incorporation. Rice emerged 19 Apr. From emergence of rice through the soil to application of the permanent flood on 10 May (21 d after rice emergence), plots were flush irrigated as needed. On 30 Apr, plots were treated with Stam 4E and Basagran at 4.0 and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. Immediately prior to the permanent flood, plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre. On the same date and before the permanent flood, designated plots were treated with a fipronil spray treatment using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2 Final spray volume was 34.8 gpa. This treatment was not incorporated. Designated plots were also treated with fipronil, Dimilin 25 WP, and Karate 1EC spray treatments at the rates and specific times after the permanent flood as described in the accompanying table. These treatments were applied as above. Furadan 3G was applied to designated plots at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre 11 d after the permanent flood with a hand-held shaker jar. Plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre on 10 Jun; thus, total nitrogen applied to the plots for the entire growing season was 170 lb/acre. On each of 4 Jun and 3 Jul, five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Cores were washed and inspected for immature RWW. At maturity, plots were harvested (19 Aug) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5. All data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil With Fipronil in A Drill-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture–Eup Study, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-297
Author(s):  
M.O. Way ◽  
R.G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Experimental Use

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was a non-replicated experimental use permit (EUP) study with 4 treatments. Plot size was 3 acres. On 26 Mar, plots were fertilized by air with 55-40-0 at 56 lb nitrogen/acre. Fertilizer was in-corporated with a “Do-all” on the same day. On 27 Mar, a designated plot was treated with Fipronil 80 WG at 0.0325 lb (AI)/acre using a large (11 nozzle, tip size80015, 50 mesh screens), 2 person, hand-held spray boom pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 10.6 gpa. Following application, the treatment was incorporated with a spike-tooth harrow. On 27 Mar, plots were drill-planted (7.5 inches between rows) with fipronil-treated or untreated seed at 90 lb/acre. Seed was treated with fipronil at 0.0325 lb (AI)/ cwt seed. All seed was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company which obtained untreated, registered seed from G&H Seed Co., Inc., Crowley, LA. Plots were “rolled” after planting to help cover seed and to create a firm seedbed. Plots were flush irrigated (temporary flood for 24th, then drain) on 5 Apr. Rice emerged 15 Apr. No differences in emergence were detected among the plots. From emergence to application of the permanent flood onl6May(31d after rice emergence), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 24 Apr, plots were treated by air with Stam 4E and Basagran at 3 qt and 1 pt/acre, respectively. On 9 May, plots were fertilized by air with urea at 55 lb nitrogen/acre. Furdan 3G at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre was applied by air to the designated plot on 30 May (14 d after application of the permanent flood). On each of 5 Jun and 24 Jun (20 and 39 d after application of the permanent flood), twenty 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores were removed (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 3 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 60 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied to the plots for the growing season was 171 lb/acre. All aerial applications were made by M&M Air Service of Beaumont, TX. Plots were not harvested due to mechanical and weather problems. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and analyzed by 1 -way ANOVA and LSD.

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen Rate, Seeding Rate, and Weed Removal Timing on Weed Interference in Barley and Effect of Nitrogen on Weed Response to Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
Prashant Jha
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Weed Removal

Field experiments were conducted at the Montana State University Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT, in 2011 through 2013 to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) rate, seeding rate, and weed removal timing on weed interference in barley. A delay in weed removal timing from the 3- to 4-leaf (LF) stage to the 8- to 10-LF stage of barley resulted in up to 3.5-fold increase in total weed biomass and 10% reduction in barley biomass, and this was unaffected by a N rate that ranged from 56 (low) to 168 (high) kg ha−1. The effect of N rate on barley biomass was more pronounced when weed removal was delayed from the 3- to 4-LF stage to the 8- to 10-LF stage of barley and in nontreated plots. Increasing the barley seeding rate from 38 to 152 kg ha−1increased the barley plant density by 50%, biomass by 13%, and grain yield by 29%, averaged over N rates and weed removal timing. On the basis of 5 and 10% levels of acceptable yield loss, the addition of ≥112 kg N ha−1delayed the critical timing of weed removal by at least 1.3 wk in barley, compared with the 56 kg N ha−1rate. A medium or high N rate prevented reduction in barley grain quality (plumpness and test weight) observed when the seeding rate was increased from 38 to 76 or 152 kg ha−1at the low N rate. In a separate greenhouse study, the effect of N rate on the effectiveness of various herbicides for controlling wild oat, green foxtail, kochia, or Russian thistle was investigated. Results highlighted that wild oat or green foxtail grown under 56 kg N ha−1(low N) soil required 1.4 to 2.6 times higher doses of clodinafop, fenoxaprop, flucarbazone, glyphosate, glufosinate, pinoxaden, or tralkoxydim for 50% reduction in shoot dry weights (GR50) compared with plants grown under 168 kg N ha−1(high N). Similarly, a reduced efficacy of thifensulfuron methyl + tribenuron methyl, metsulfuron methyl, or bromoxynil+pyrasulfotole was observed (evident from the GR50values) for kochia or Russian thistle grown under low- vs. high-N soil. Information gained from this research will aid in developing cost-effective, integrated weed management (IWM) strategies in cereals and in educating growers on the importance of fertilizer N management as a component of IWM programs.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Water Weevil with Naturalis-L, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
M. O. Way ◽  
R. G. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Metal Barrier

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 7 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft × 12 rows (7 inches between rows) and was surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of treatment insecticides. Soil type was League. Rice was drill planted on 26 Mar at 100 lb seed/acre. Rice emerged 11 Apr. From planting to application of the permanent flood, rice was flush irrigated as needed. Urea was applied near planting (29 Mar) at 122 lb/acre, 1 d before the permanent flood (6 May) at 122 lb/acre, and at panicle differentiation (9 Jun) at 122 lb/acre for a total of 170 lb nitrogen/acre. Facet and Basagran were mixed with crop oil and applied 22 Apr at 0.75 lb (AI)/acre for each herbicide. The permanent flood was applied 7 May (26 d after rice emergence). Naturalis-L treatments were applied at the rate and times shown in the table with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, CO2 pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 21.3 gal/acre. Furadan 3G was applied at the time and rate shown in the table with a hand-held shaker. From 31 May to 1 Jun (24-25 d after application of the permanent flood), 5, 4-inch diam × 4-inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice roots were washed and immature RWW recovered. Plots were harvested at maturity (29 Jul) and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using vX + 0.5. All data were analyzed by ANOVA.

scholarly journals Diamond-shaped Seeding of Six Peanut Cultivars1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Mozingo ◽  
F. S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Seed Spacing ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract Intrarow seed spacing of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has been studied extensively using conventional interrow widths. Modification of spatial arrangements of cultivars with different growth habits can result in optimizing yield. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of seeding in a diamond-shaped configuration on the yield, value, market grade, and plant growth of six peanut cultivars. A 3-year field study was conducted at the Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, Virginia, using NC 7, VA 81B, NC 9, NC-V 11, VA-C 92R and Florigiant peanut. Plots were 1.82-m wide and 3.65-m long with diamond-shaped seed configurations of 15.2 × 15.2, 30.5 × 30.5, and 45.7 × 45.7 cm. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, split-plot design with cultivars the main plot and seed configurations the split-plot with four replications. Significantly taller main stems (39.4, 30.5, and 22.9 cm) and longer cotyledonary lateral branches (50.3, 48.0, and 45.5 cm) were recorded for the 15.2 × 15.2, 30.5 × 30.5, and 45.7 × 45.7-cm diamond-shaped seed configurations, respectively. The 15.2 × 15.2-cm seed configuration resulted in higher yield, value, sound mature kernels, and total kernels and lower percentage of other kernels. The 15.2 × 15.2, 30.5 × 30.5, and 45.7 × 45.7-cm seed configurations had yields of 5935, 5497, and 4874 kg ha-1 and values of 4192, 3804, and 3342 $ ha-1, respectively. Sound mature kernels were 69.7, 68.2 and 67.4% and total kernels were 73.2, 72.3, and 71.8% for the 15.2 × 15.2, 30.5 × 30.5, and 45.7 × 45.7-cm seed configurations, respectively. Percentages of other kernels were 1.7, 2.0, and 2.3 for the 15.2 × 15.2, 30.5 × 30.5, and 45.7 × 45.7-cm seed configurations, respectively. Significant cultivar by seed configuration interactions were obtained for yield and value. These results indicate peanut yields can be increased by selecting cultivars which respond to diamond-shaped seed configurations or more importantly that seeding rate and configuration should be matched to the cultivar selected.

scholarly journals The Effects of Management (Tillage, Fertilization, Plant Density) on Soybean Yield and Quality in a Three-Year Experiment under Transylvanian Plain Climate Conditions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Cornel Chețan ◽  
Ileana Bogdan ◽  
Adrian Ioan Pop ◽  
Paula Ioana Moraru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops, but microclimate changes related to global warming have imposed the need for agrotechnical adaptive measures in order to maintain the level of soybean yield. In this study, we consider the effect of two soil tillage systems, the seeding rate, as well as the fertilizer dosage and time of application on the yield and quality of soybean crops. A multifactorial experiment was carried out through the A × B × C × D − R: 3 × 2 × 3 × 3 − 2 formula, where A represents the year (a1, 2017; a2, 2018; and a3, 2019); B represents the soil tillage system (b1, conventional tillage with mouldboard plough; b2, reduced tillage with chisel cultivator); C represents the fertilizer variants (c1, unfertilized; c2, one single rate of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus; and c3, two rates of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus (at sowing) + 46 kg ha−1 of nitrogen at V3 stage); D represents the seeding rate (1 = 45 germinating grains (gg) m−2; d2 = 55 gg m−2; and d3 = 65 gg m−2); and R represents the replicates (r1 = the first and r2 = the second). Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters. Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization. The qualitative characteristics of soybeans are affected by the fertilization rates applied to the crop, which influence the protein and fiber content in the soybean grains. Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2 and 38.72 g kg−1 DM in the variant with two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2.

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