scholarly journals Does Literacy Moderate the Relationship between Age of Migration and Cognitive Change: Results from the Washington Heights-Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1244
Author(s):  
C I Carrión ◽  
F Arias ◽  
M Diaz-Santos ◽  
S-A Levy ◽  
T G Hill-Jarrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Healthy Immigrant Effect ◽  
The Us ◽  
Literacy Ability ◽  
Immigrant Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective The “healthy immigrant effect” pertains to findings that Hispanics/Latinos born outside of the US tend to be physically and emotionally healthier than individuals born in the US. However, immigrant Latino groups residing in the US have higher incidences of dementia (Tang et al., 2001). Sex/gender and years of education have been found to moderate the relationship between age of migration and cognitive functioning among immigrants born in Mexico (Garcia et al., 2017; Hill et al., 2012). While years of education has been the focus of many studies, literacy (ability to read/write) has been less frequently explored as a moderator of age of migration and cognitive change. We investigated the effect of age of migration on cognitive trajectory in a diverse Latino population and explored whether literacy influences the association between age of immigration and cognitive change. We hypothesize that literacy (ability to read/write) will buffer the effects of age of migration on cognitive (memory, language, motor speed, visuospatial) trajectory. Participants and Method Age at baseline, English fluency, country of birth, sex/gender, and years of education were included as time-invariant covariates and literacy was tested as a moderator via multiple group modeling. Results Results show that age of migration is marginally and inversely associated with baseline cognitive performance (p < .01). Thus, individuals who immigrated at an older age had lower baseline cognitive scores than their counterparts. Age of migration was not associated with cognitive change. Independent of covariates, literacy did not buffer the negative effects of later age at migration on cognitive function. Conclusions Results suggest that literacy confers a small advantage in premorbid cognition, but does not protect against cognitive decline over time. These findings also suggest that adults who immigrate at an older age present with lower cognitive scores at baseline, but do not experience faster rates of cognitive change. References Tang, M. X., Cross, P., Andrews, H., Jacobs, D. M., Small, S., Bell, K., ... & Mayeux, R. (2001). Incidence of AD in African-Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Caucasians in northern Manhattan. Neurology, 56, 49-56. Garcia, M. A., Reyes, A. M., Downer, B., Saenz, J. L., Samper-Ternent, R. A., & Raji, M. (2018). Age of migration and the incidence of cognitive impairment: A cohort study of elder Mexican-Americans. Innovation in aging, 1, igx037. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx037. Hill, T. D., Angel, J. L., Balistreri, K. S., & Herrera, A. P. (2012). Immigrant Status and Cognitive Functioning in Late Life: An Examination of Gender Variations in the Healthy Immigrant Effect. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 75, 2076–2084. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.005.

Discrimination and the healthy immigrant effect: A focus on marriage migrant women in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyemee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Healthy Immigrant Effect ◽  
Acculturation Process ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Immigrant Effect ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Status Of Women

Why does immigrants’ health deteriorate over time? Numerous scholars across multiple disciplines have probed the question, and the term “healthy immigrant effect” was coined precisely to describe this paradoxical phenomenon. This study aims to examine, first, the existence of the healthy immigrant effect among marriage migrant women in Korea, and second, to evaluate the discrimination-health relationship as a potential explanation for the healthy immigrant effect. The 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families was used for the analyses, using the self-reported health status of women as a measure of health. The results indicate that the health status of marriage migrant women in Korea is lower among those who have stayed longer, and that experiences of discrimination partially mediate the relationship between the acculturation process and the health status of marriage migrant women.

scholarly journals Immigrant status and cognitive functioning in late-life: An examination of gender variations in the healthy immigrant effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2076-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence D. Hill ◽  
Jacqueline L. Angel ◽  
Kelly S. Balistreri ◽  
Angelica P. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Healthy Immigrant Effect ◽  
Immigrant Effect ◽  
Gender Variations

Cognitive Factors Mediate the Relation Between Age and Flight Path Maintenance in General Aviation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Van Benthem ◽  
Chris M. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Pilot Error ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Identifying pilot attributes associated with risk is important, especially in general aviation where pilot error is implicated in most accidents. This research examined the relationship of pilot age, expertise, and cognitive functioning to deviations from an ideal circuit trajectory. In all, 54 pilots, of varying age, flew a Cessna 172 simulator. Cognitive measures were obtained using the CogScreen-AE ( Kay, 1995 ). Older age and lower levels of expertise and cognitive functioning were associated with significantly greater flight path deviations. The relationship between age and performance was fully mediated by a cluster of cognitive factors: speed and working memory, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility. These findings add to the literature showing that age-related changes in cognition may impact pilot performance.

The Relationship between Cognitive Functioning and Adjudicative Competence

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Caillouet ◽  
Jesse Brand ◽  
Bernice Marcopulos ◽  
Julie-Ann Kent
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Adjudicative Competence ◽  
The Relationship

The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Relationship

The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.

From Competition to Cooperation: A History of Canada–US National Park Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Young ◽  
Alan MacEachern ◽  
Lary Dilsaver
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

This essay explores the evolving international relationship of the two national park agencies that in 1968 began to offer joint training classes for protected-area managers from around the world. Within the British settler societies that dominated nineteenth century park-making, the United States’ National Park Service (NPS) and Canada’s National Parks Branch were the most closely linked and most frequently cooperative. Contrary to campfire myths and nationalist narratives, however, the relationship was not a one-way flow of information and motivation from the US to Canada. Indeed, the latter boasted a park bureaucracy before the NPS was established. The relationship of the two nations’ park leaders in the half century leading up to 1968 demonstrates the complexity of defining the influences on park management and its diffusion from one country to another.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE US FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD AND THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD SETTERS: 1973–2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Utilizing archival materials as well as personal interviews and correspondence with personnel of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Committee/Board (IASC/B), including former Board chairmen and staff members, this paper examines the development of the working relationships between the FASB and the IASC/B from their earliest interactions in 1973 through the transformation of the IASC into the IASB and the Convergence Program rooted in the 2002 Norwalk Agreement up to 2008.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Grare
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Relationship

India’s relationship with the United States remains crucial to its own objectives, but is also ambiguous. The asymmetry of power between the two countries is such that the relationship, if potentially useful, is not necessary for the United States while potentially risky for India. Moreover, the shift of the political centre of gravity of Asia — resulting from the growing rivalry between China and the US — is eroding the foundations of India’s policy in Asia, while prospects for greater economic interaction is limited by India’s slow pace of reforms. The future of India-US relations lies in their capacity to evolve a new quid pro quo in which the US will formulate its expectations in more realistic terms while India would assume a larger share of the burden of Asia’ security.

A University Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
University Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.

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