Histopathological Features of Tissue Alterations Induced by Cryolipolysis on Human Adipose Tissue

Abstract Background Adipose tissue cooling, under controlled conditions, induces physical effects on subcutaneous tissue called cryolipolysis (CLL), which has been proposed as a method to reduce noninvasively the amount of adipose tissue. Although CLL has been widely utilized in clinical practice and many favorable results have been reported in clinical studies, very few published studies have dealt with the effects of such therapies on human adipose tissue. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate, through histopathological examination, the in vivo effects of CLL on human adipose tissue. Methods Six patients to be submitted to abdominoplasty were enrolled in the study. Samples were taken from the surgical patch, respectively, 15 days (2 pts), 45 days (2 pts), and 60 days (2 pts) after a single standard session of CLL. Control samples were derived from the nontreated areas of the surgical patch. Results Disruption of the adipocytic membranes was evident in all treated areas, with a reduction of cell dissolution in the 60-day samples. Focal dissolution and homogenization of the collagen fibers was evident, resulting in the dissolution of the interlobular fibrous septa. A mild inflammatory response was observed in the 15- and 45-day samples. Neocapillarizzation was observed in the 45- and 60-day samples. Conclusions The lesions demonstrated in adipocytes confirm the theoretical premises of a usefulness of CLL in the treatment of localized adiposis. The alterations in the connective stroma could lead to a structural reorganization and consequently to the in vivo external appearance of the treated areas. Level of Evidence: 5

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In vitro and in vivo Effects of Metformin on Human Adipose Tissue Adiponectin

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000324582 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Alessandra Zulian ◽

Raffaella Cancello ◽

Andrea Girola ◽

Luisa Gilardini ◽

Luisella Alberti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

In Vivo Effects

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Long-Term Severe In Vitro Hypoxia Exposure Enhances the Vascularization Potential of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Engineered Tissues

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22157920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 7920

Author(s):

Myroslava Mytsyk ◽

Giulia Cerino ◽

Gregory Reid ◽

Laia Gili Sole ◽

Friedrich S. Eckstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Bioreactor Culture ◽

Proliferating Cells ◽

Angiogenic Potential ◽

Engineered Tissues

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) for treating cardiac ischemia strongly depends on their paracrine-mediated effects and their engraftment capacity in a hostile environment such as the infarcted myocardium. Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are a mixed population composed mainly of MSC and vascular cells, well known for their high angiogenic potential. A previous study showed that the angiogenic potential of SVF cells was further increased following their in vitro organization in an engineered tissue (patch) after perfusion-based bioreactor culture. This study aimed to investigate the possible changes in the cellular SVF composition, in vivo angiogenic potential, as well as engraftment capability upon in vitro culture in harsh hypoxia conditions. This mimics the possible delayed vascularization of the patch upon implantation in a low perfused myocardium. To this purpose, human SVF cells were seeded on a collagen sponge, cultured for 5 days in a perfusion-based bioreactor under normoxia or hypoxia (21% and <1% of oxygen tension, respectively) and subcutaneously implanted in nude rats for 3 and 28 days. Compared to ambient condition culture, hypoxic tension did not alter the SVF composition in vitro, showing similar numbers of MSC as well as endothelial and mural cells. Nevertheless, in vitro hypoxic culture significantly increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.001) and the number of proliferating cells (p < 0.00001). Moreover, compared to ambient oxygen culture, exposure to hypoxia significantly enhanced the vessel length density in the engineered tissues following 28 days of implantation. The number of human cells and human proliferating cells in hypoxia-cultured constructs was also significantly increased after 3 and 28 days in vivo, compared to normoxia. These findings show that a possible in vivo delay in oxygen supply might not impair the vascularization potential of SVF- patches, which qualifies them for evaluation in a myocardial ischemia model.

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Glutamine metabolism in human adipose tissue in vivo

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/0261-5614(93)90148-w ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 51-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Elia

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Glutamine Metabolism

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Hepatocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue in vitro promotes hepatic integration in vivo

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.2008.154880 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 570-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 223

Author(s):

H Aurich ◽

M Sgodda ◽

P Kaltwasser ◽

M Vetter ◽

A Weise ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Hepatocyte Differentiation ◽

Adipose Tissue In Vitro

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Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Methods for Adipose Tissue Modeling In Vitro: A Systematic Review

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10061378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1378

Author(s):

Peyton Gibler ◽

Jeffrey Gimble ◽

Katie Hamel ◽

Emma Rogers ◽

Michael Henderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Drug Discovery ◽

3D Culture ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Adipose Tissue Engineering ◽

The Impact

Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASC) are widely used for in vitro modeling of physiologically relevant human adipose tissue. These models are useful for the development of tissue constructs for soft tissue regeneration and 3-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPS) for drug discovery. In this systematic review, we report on the current state of hASC culture and assessment methods for adipose tissue engineering using 3D MPS. Our search efforts resulted in the identification of 184 independent records, of which 27 were determined to be most relevant to the goals of the present review. Our results demonstrate a lack of consensus on methods for hASC culture and assessment for the production of physiologically relevant in vitro models of human adipose tissue. Few studies have assessed the impact of different 3D culture conditions on hASC adipogenesis. Additionally, there has been a limited use of assays for characterizing the functionality of adipose tissue in vitro. Results from this study suggest the need for more standardized culture methods and further analysis on in vitro tissue functionality. These will be necessary to validate the utility of 3D MPS as an in vitro model to reduce, refine, and replace in vivo experiments in the drug discovery regulatory process.

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In Vitro and in Vivo Calcitonin I Gene Expression in Parenchymal Cells: A Novel Product of Human Adipose Tissue

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2003-0854 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 144 (12) ◽

pp. 5578-5584 ◽

Cited By ~ 176

Author(s):

Philippe Linscheid ◽

Dalma Seboek ◽

Eric S. Nylen ◽

Igor Langer ◽

Mirjam Schlatter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Parenchymal Cells ◽

I Gene

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Enhanced triglyceride clearance with intraperitoneal human acylation stimulating protein in C57BL/6 mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.3.e474 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 277 (3) ◽

pp. E474-E480 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Ian Murray ◽

Allan D. Sniderman ◽

Katherine Cianflone

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Plasma Triglyceride ◽

Complement C3 ◽

Postprandial Period ◽

Postprandial Triglyceride ◽

Acylation Stimulating Protein

Acylation stimulating protein (ASP), a novel adipocyte-derived autocrine protein, stimulates triglyceride synthesis and glucose transport in vitro in human and murine adipocytes. In vitro, chylomicrons increase ASP and precursor complement C3 production in adipocytes. Furthermore, in vivo, ASP production from human adipose tissue correlates positively with triglyceride clearance postprandially. The aim of the present study was to determine if intraperitoneally injected ASP accelerated triglyceride clearance in vivo after a fat load in C57Bl/6 mice. ASP increased the triglyceride clearance with a reduction of the triglyceride area under the curve over 6 h (AUC0–6) from 102.6 ± 30.0 to 61.0 ± 14.5 mg ⋅ dl−1 ⋅ h−1( P < 0.05), especially in the latter postprandial period (AUC3–6; 56.2 ± 18.0 vs. 24.9 ± 8.9 mg ⋅ dl−1 ⋅ h−1, P < 0.025). ASP also reduced plasma glucose both in the mice with accelerated plasma triglyceride clearance and in those with relatively delayed triglyceride clearance ( P < 0.025). Therefore, ASP alters postprandial triglyceride and glucose metabolism.

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Regulation of the leptin content of obese human adipose tissue

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.3.e399 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 280 (3) ◽

pp. E399-E404 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

C. D. Russell ◽

M. R. Ricci ◽

R. E. Brolin ◽

E. Magill ◽

S. K. Fried

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Inhibition Of Protein Synthesis ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Per Se ◽

Obese Human

The objective of this study was to determine whether obese human adipose tissue contains preformed stores of leptin and their relationship to secreted leptin. Detergent increased detectable leptin by about twofold, suggesting that leptin is stored in a membrane-bound location. Subcutaneous tissue leptin was ∼1.6-fold higher than omental, paralleling known differences in leptin secretion and expression. The amount of leptin secreted during a 3-h incubation was similar to that of extractable tissue leptin. Tissue leptin levels were maintained over the incubation. Inhibition of protein synthesis decreased tissue leptin content but did not decrease leptin secretion until after 3 h of incubation. Culture of adipose tissue for 2 days with the combination of insulin and dexamethasone, but not with either hormone alone, increased tissue leptin content about twofold in both depots. Although insulin did not affect tissue leptin content, it potentiated leptin secretion (as a % of tissue stores). These data suggest that adipose tissue leptin storage and secretion per se are regulated. Regulation of the release of preformed leptin may modulate serum leptin levels in obese humans.

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