Fermented date residue extract mix containing gamma-aminobutyric acid augments the immune function of mouse splenocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiyu Hattori ◽  
Yoshinari Yamamoto ◽  
Sotaro Fujii ◽  
Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee ◽  
Momoko Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Mouse Splenocytes ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Exogenous Addition ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract An extract of date (fruit of a palm tree) residue plus food-grade glutamate, acetic acid, and yeast extract (date residue extract mix, DREM) has been successfully fermented with using Lactobacillus brevis JCM 1059T to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Here, mouse splenocytes were found to be viable when supplemented with DREM and fermented DREM containing GABA (fDREM). The addition of DREM and fDREM resulted in secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from the splenocytes, fDREM being more effective than DREM. The TNF-α secretion with DREM was elevated by exogenous addition of GABA and that with fDREM was in part mediated via A-type GABA receptors. Contrary to general understanding of the suppressive effects of GABA on various biological functions, our findings suggest that GABA-containing fDREM arguments the immune function as a food and pharmaceutical material.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in expression of functional ionotropic glutamate and GABA receptors in astrocytes across brain regions: insights from the thalamus

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1654) ◽  
pp. 20130602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Höft ◽  
Stephanie Griemsmann ◽  
Gerald Seifert ◽  
Christian Steinhäuser
Keyword(s):  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ventrobasal Thalamus ◽  
The Impact

Astrocytes may express ionotropic glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, which allow them to sense and to respond to neuronal activity. However, so far the properties of astrocytes have been studied only in a few brain regions. Here, we provide the first detailed receptor analysis of astrocytes in the murine ventrobasal thalamus and compare the properties with those in other regions. To improve voltage-clamp control and avoid indirect effects during drug applications, freshly isolated astrocytes were employed. Two sub-populations of astrocytes were found, expressing or lacking α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. AMPA receptor-bearing astrocytes displayed a lower Kir current density than cells lacking the receptors. In contrast, all cells expressed GABA A receptors. Single-cell RT-PCR was employed to identify the receptor subunits in thalamic astrocytes. Our findings add to the emerging evidence of functional heterogeneity of astrocytes, the impact of which still remains to be defined.

scholarly journals Optimization of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Production Using High Pressure Processing (HPP) by Lactobacillus brevis PML1

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Atefe Ghafurian Nasab ◽  
Sayed Ali Mortazavi ◽  
Farideh Tabatabaei Yazdi ◽  
Mahboobe Sarabi Jamab
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

In the present research, the production potential of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) using Lactobacillus brevis PML1 was investigated. In addition, the microorganism viability was examined in MAN, ROGOSA, and SHARPE (MRS) after undergoing high hydrostatic pressure at 100, 200, and 300 MPa for 5, 10, and 15 min. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the production conditions of GABA as well as the bacteria viability. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that both the independent variables (pressure and time) significantly influenced the dependent ones (GABA and bacteria viability) ( P < 0.05 ). The optimum extraction conditions to maximize the production of GABA included the pressure of 300 MPa and the time of 15 min. The amount of the compound was quantified using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometry. For the process optimization, a central composite design (CCD) was created using Design Expert with 5 replications at the center point, whereby the highest content of GABA was obtained to be 397.73 ppm which was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the morphological changes in the microorganism. The results revealed that not only did have Lactobacillus brevis PML1 the potential for the production of GABA under conventional conditions (control sample) but also the content of this bioactive compound could be elevated by optimizing the production parameters.

The Effects of Agonists of Ionotropic GABAAand Metabotropic GABABReceptors on Learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya A. Zyablitseva ◽  
Nikolay S. Kositsyn ◽  
Galina I. Shul'gina
Keyword(s):  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Conditioned Inhibition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Internal Inhibition ◽  
Selective Agonist ◽  
The Brain

The research described here investigates the role played by inhibitory processes in the discriminations made by the nervous system of humans and animals between familiar and unfamiliar and significant and nonsignificant events. This research compared the effects of two inhibitory mediators of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): 1) phenibut, a nonselective agonist of ionotropic GABAAand metabotropic GABABreceptors and 2) gaboxadol a selective agonist of ionotropic GABAAreceptors on the process of developing active defensive and inhibitory conditioned reflexes in alert non-immobilized rabbits. It was found that phenibut, but not gaboxadol, accelerates the development of defensive reflexes at an early stage of conditioning. Both phenibut and gaboxadol facilitate the development of conditioned inhibition, but the effect of gaboxadol occurs at later stages of conditioning and is less stable than that of phenibut. The earlier and more stable effects of phenibut, as compared to gaboxadol, on storage in memory of the inhibitory significance of a stimulus may occur because GABABreceptors play the dominant role in the development of internal inhibition during an early stage of conditioning. On the other hand this may occur because the participation of both GABAAand GABABreceptors are essential to the process. We discuss the polyfunctionality of GABA receptors as a function of their structure and the positions of the relevant neurons in the brain as this factor can affect regulation of various types of psychological processes.

scholarly journals HPLC-Based Activity Profiling for GABAA Receptor Modulators in Murraya exotica

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1901400
Author(s):  
Nova Syafni ◽  
Fahimeh Moradi-Afrapoli ◽  
Ombeline Danton ◽  
Anke Wilhelm ◽  
Marco Stadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Xenopus Oocyte ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Chloride Currents ◽  
Activity Profiling ◽  
Murraya Exotica ◽  
Receptor Modulators

A dichloromethane extract from twigs and leaves of Murraya exotica produced allosteric potentiation of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) induced chloride currents in a microelectrode assay in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing GABA receptors of α1, β2, γ2s subunit composition. The activity was tracked by HPLC-based activity profiling utilizing a zebrafish locomotor activity assay. Osthol (9) was identified as the main active compound. In addition, five other coumarins and four flavonols were identified. Osthol (9) and structurally related coumurrayin (10) were tested in the Xenopus oocyte assay. Compound 9 potentiated GABAA-induced chloride currents by 487 ± 42%, with an EC50 of 46 ± 10 μM, while 10 showed negligible effects on chloride currents. In silico evaluation of physicochemical properties showed that 9 and 10 had properties that are favorable for oral bioavailability and BBB permeability.

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