Mixed polysaccharides derived from shiitake mushroom, Poriacocos, Ginger and Tangerine peel prevent the H1N1 virus infections in mice

Abstract The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus spread globally and posed one of the most serious global public health challenges. The traditional Chinese medicine is served as a complementary treatment strategy with vaccine immunization. Here, we demonstrated the mixed polysaccharides (MPs) derived from shiitake mushroom, poriacocos, ginger and tyangerine peel prevent the H1N1 virus infections in mice. MPs pretreatment attenuated H1N1 virus-induced weight loss, clinical symptoms and death. The lymphocytes detection results showed the CD3+, CD19+ and CD25+ cell proportions were up-regulated in thymus under MPs pretreatment. Besides, MPs pretreatment reduced the inflammatory cell infiltration and increased the cell proportions of CD19+, CD25+ and CD278+ in lung. However, MPs treatment have no effective therapeutic effect after H1N1 virus challenge. The current study suggested that pretreatment with MPs could attenuate H1N1 virus-induced lung injury and up-regulate humoral and cellular immune responses in non- immunized mice.

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Exacerbation of Influenza Virus Infections in Mice by Intranasal Treatments and Implications for Evaluation of Antiviral Drugs

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01664-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

pp. 6328-6333 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Donald F. Smee ◽

Mark von Itzstein ◽

Beenu Bhatt ◽

E. Bart Tarbet

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Antiviral Agent ◽

Virus Production ◽

Lung Pathology ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Challenge Dose ◽

Virus Challenge ◽

Time To Death

ABSTRACTCompounds lacking oral activity may be delivered intranasally to treat influenza virus infections in mice. However, intranasal treatments greatly enhance the virulence of such virus infections. This can be partially compensated for by giving reduced virus challenge doses. These can be 100- to 1,000-fold lower than infections without such treatment and still cause equivalent mortality. We found that intranasal liquid treatments facilitate virus production (probably through enhanced virus spread) and that lung pneumonia was delayed by only 2 days relative to a 1,000-fold higher virus challenge dose not accompanied by intranasal treatments. In one study, zanamivir was 90 to 100% effective at 10 mg/kg/day by oral, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes against influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) virus in mice. However, the same compound administered intranasally at 20 mg/kg/day for 5 days gave no protection from death although the time to death was significantly delayed. A related compound, Neu5Ac2en (N-acetyl-2,3-dehydro-2-deoxyneuraminic acid), was ineffective at 100 mg/kg/day. Intranasal zanamivir and Neu5Ac2en were 70 to 100% protective against influenza A/NWS/33 (H1N1) virus infections at 0.1 to 10 and 30 to 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. Somewhat more difficult to treat was A/Victoria/3/75 virus that required 10 mg/kg/day of zanamivir to achieve full protection. These results illustrate that treatment of influenza virus infections by the intranasal route requires consideration of both virus challenge dose and virus strain in order to avoid compromising the effectiveness of a potentially useful antiviral agent. In addition, the intranasal treatments were shown to facilitate virus replication and promote lung pathology.

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New influenza A(H1N1) virus infections in France, April – May 2009

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.14.21.19221-en ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Collective New influenza A(H1N1) investigation teams*

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Influenza A ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Set Up

Since the emergence of a new influenza A(H1N1) virus in North America and its international spread, an active surveillance of cases of infection due to this virus has been set up in France in order to undertake appropriate measures to slow down the spread of the new virus. This report describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the 16 laboratory confirmed cases diagnosed in France as of 20 May 2009.

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Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infections in children with sickle cell disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2009-12-260836 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 115 (11) ◽

pp. 2329-2330 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Baba Inusa ◽

Mark Zuckerman ◽

Nimze Gadong ◽

Michele Afif ◽

Sarah Arnott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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Efficacy of Combinations of Oseltamivir and Peramivir in Treating Influenza a (H1N1) Virus Infections in Cell Culture and in Mice

Antiviral Research ◽

10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.02.413 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. A47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donald Smee ◽

Brett Hurst ◽

Min-Hui Wong ◽

E. Bart Tarbet ◽

Y.S. Babu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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Rapid Differentiation of Mixed Influenza A/H1N1 Virus Infections with Seasonal and Pandemic Variants by Multitemperature Single-Stranded Conformational Polymorphism Analysis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.02567-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 2216-2221 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Beata Pajak ◽

Ilona Stefanska ◽

Krzysztof Lepek ◽

Stefan Donevski ◽

Magdalena Romanowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Conformational Polymorphism ◽

Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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EPIDEMIOLOGI DAN DIAGNOSIS KEDOKTERAN LABORATORIK INFEKSI VIRUS H1N1

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v16i3.1040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

J Sembiring ◽

O Sianipar

Keyword(s):

Sore Throat ◽

Influenza A ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

H1n1 Infection ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Virus Family ◽

Infection Diagnosis ◽

Influenza A H1n1

H1N1 virus is an influenza virus family orthomyxoviridae, which clinical symptoms consist of: fever, cough, sore throat and headache. The virus can spread from person to person through airborne droplets and so a good infection control in the community or in healthworkers is needed, for instance by washing hands properly and PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). In October 4, 2009 there were over375.000 reported cases in which 4500 people were died. On June 11, 2009 the WHO stairs announced that H1N1 is the first pandemicin the 21st century. (The Indonesia people province was infecting by H1N1with 20 deaths until August 5, 2009). The purpose of thisarticle is to find out the epidemiological aspects as well as the diagnosis of influenza A H1N1 virus. From the website was found about1.110.000 sources, and after downloading them are selected as they are written only in the bibliography. From the searched informationobtained, it was known that H1N1 infection diagnosis begins with the discovery of heat (temperature ≥ 100° F [37.8° C]) and cough or sore throat. No cause other than influenza that is called with ILI was found. The informed laboratory examination is divided into three parts are confirmed if ILI was found as well as the virus in the throat or nasal swab by RT-PCR and/or virus culture; probably the ILIhas positive results of influenza A RT-PCR, but if the results are negative including the laboratorial findings, the basis of epidemiologyin this case was only suspected. Laboratory plays an important role in the establishing of the H1N1 infection diagnosis Rapid diagnosisis important to reduce infection, to protect patients from complications by antiviral treatment in the right time and also to provideimmediate information for the public.

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