scholarly journals Microhabitat use and behavior of voles under weasel and raptor predation risk: predator facilitation?

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki Korpimaki ◽  
Vesa Koivunen ◽  
Hani Hakkarainen
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
And Behavior

The effect of cover and food on space use by wintering Song Sparrows and Field Sparrows

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1636-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Beck ◽  
Bryan D. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Woody Cover ◽  
Species Specific

The distribution of birds among microhabitats may reflect species-specific resource requirements. Both food availability and predation risk have been shown to influence patterns of microhabitat use by sparrows during winter. We investigated the influence of vegetative cover and food on microhabitat use using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Both woody cover and food were manipulated at the plot level. The presence of screening cover (weed stems) was manipulated within plots. Sparrows showed a positive response to the presence of both cover and food. Within plots, sparrows selected areas with screening cover. The distribution of birds between areas with and without screening cover was influenced by the presence of woody cover and food. Conversely, the presence of screening cover reduced the influence of woody cover on the distribution of birds within patches. Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) and Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) differed in their response to treatments both within and across plots, suggesting that trade-offs between foraging and predation risk may be important in the structuring of winter sparrow assemblages. Additionally, screening cover appears to moderate predation risk and therefore to affect distribution patterns.

Precipitation and predation risk alter the diversity and behavior of pollinators and reduce plant fitness

Oecologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-753
Author(s):  
Pablo A. P. Antiqueira ◽  
Paula M. de Omena ◽  
Thiago Gonçalves-Souza ◽  
Camila Vieira ◽  
Gustavo H. Migliorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
And Behavior

Habitat deterioration affects antipredatory behavior, body condition, and parasite load of female Psammodromus algirus lizards

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Amo ◽  
Pilar López ◽  
José Martín
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Health State ◽  
Habitat Deterioration ◽  
Antipredatory Behavior ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Psammodromus Algirus

Deforestation may increase predation risk for prey because it may make prey more conspicuous and limit the number of refuges suitable to avoid predators. Therefore, prey may need to increase the magnitude of escape responses. However, excessive antipredatory effort might lead to a loss of body mass and a decrease in defense against parasites, with important consequences for short- and long-term fitness. We analyzed whether Psammodromus algirus (L., 1758) lizards that inhabit patches with different levels of deterioration of the vegetation within the same oak forest differed in relative abundance numbers, microhabitat use, antipredatory strategies, and health state. Results showed lizards selected similar microhabitats regardless of the level of deterioration of the vegetation and relative abundance of lizards was similar in both areas. However, habitat deterioration seemed to increase predation risk, at least for females, because they were detected at longer distances in deteriorated areas. Females seemed to adjust their antipredatory behavior accordingly to high risk of predation by increasing approach distances allowed to predators. The costs associated with frequent antipredatory displays might explain why females in deteriorated habitats had lower body condition and greater blood parasite loads than females in natural areas. This loss of body condition and increased parasitemia might have deleterious consequences for female fitness and therefore affect the maintenance of lizard populations in the long-term.

Effect of predation risk on microhabitat use by goldfish

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundararaj Vijayan ◽  
Burt P. Kotler ◽  
Lotan Tamar Tov-Elem ◽  
Zvika Abramsky
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Microhabitat Use

Influence of microhabitat use and behavior of Amblyomma sculptum and Amblyomma dubitatum nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae) on human risk for tick exposure, with notes on Rickettsia infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Albuquerque Pajuaba Neto ◽  
Vanessa do Nascimento Ramos ◽  
Maria Marlene Martins ◽  
Carolina Fonseca Osava ◽  
Jamile de Oliveira Pascoal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
And Behavior

Microhabitat use by juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ) sheltering during the day in summer

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabe Gries ◽  
Francis Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
And Behavior

Daytime snorkeling surveys were conducted in the Wardsboro Branch, a tributary of the West River, Vermont, U.S.A., in July and August 1996. We documented microhabitat use by 245 juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sheltering (i.e., concealed beneath the stream substrate) at water temperatures ranging from 17 to 23°C, well above 10°C, the maximum temperature at which young salmon are thought to shelter during the day. The majority (92%) of sheltering salmon were young-of-the-year salmon (YOY). Of the YOY observed, 45% were sheltering, while 55% were in the water column. In comparison, only 10% of post-young-of-the-year salmon (PYOY; age 1 or older) observed were sheltering, while 90% were in the water column. Sheltering PYOY occupied greater water depths and were found under larger substrate stones than were YOY. Sheltering salmon (YOY and PYOY) were not distributed in proportion to the available microhabitat. Salmon only sheltered beneath unembedded cobble or boulder substrate, and sheltering salmon were found in pool habitats 43% of the time. Daytime sheltering suggests that the current interpretation of juvenile salmon habitat use and behavior during summer is incomplete. The availability of suitable sheltering habitats may be a factor affecting juvenile salmon production.

scholarly journals Predation risk affects egg mass but not egg steroid hormone concentrations in yellow-legged gulls

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Daniela Possenti ◽  
Alexandra Bea Bentz ◽  
Andrea Romano ◽  
Marco Parolini ◽  
Manuela Caprioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Reproductive Decisions ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Larus Michahellis ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractPredators have both direct, consumptive effects on their prey and non-lethal effects on physiology and behavior, including reproductive decisions, with cascading effects on prey ecology and evolution. Here, we experimentally tested such non-lethal effects of exposure to increased predation risk on clutch size, egg mass, and the concentration of yolk steroid hormones in the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis. We simulated increased predation risk by displaying stuffed predators (adult fox Vulpes vulpes, and adult buzzard Buteo buteo) to breeding adults before egg laying. The concentration of corticosterone, which has been shown to increase under exposure to maternal predation risk in other species, and of testosterone did not differ between eggs from mothers exposed to the predators and eggs from control mothers (i.e., eggs exposed to a novel object of similar size and position to the stuffed predators). The concentration of the two hormones negatively covaried. Clutch size did not vary according to experimental treatment, whereas egg mass was markedly larger in clutches from nests exposed to predators than in clutches from control nests. By increasing egg mass, mothers may reduce the risk of cooling of the eggs when incubation is impeded by predators, boost energy reserves, reduce post-natal detectability caused by food solicitation, and/or enhance development at hatching, thus increasing the chances of offspring survival. In general, our results are inconsistent with most of the few previous studies on similar non-lethal predator effects and suggest that such effects may vary among species according to ecological conditions, social behavior, and developmental mode.

The influence of insects on the distribution, microhabitat choice, and behaviour of the Burwash caribou herd

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Downes ◽  
J. B. Theberge ◽  
S. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Microhabitat Choice ◽  
Resting Time ◽  
And Behavior

This study examined the influence of insects (mosquitoes and oestrids) on the distribution, microhabitat choice, and behavior of a population of mountain caribou. The study was conducted in the Burwash area of southwestern Yukon Territory during the summers of 1982 and 1983. Mosquito density, the presence or absence of oestrids, and the distribution, microhabitat use, and insect-avoidance behavior of the caribou were observed. Seasonal activity budgets for caribou were calculated. Mosquitoes became active in mid-June. Activity decreased with altitude, and at the highest altitudes (2000 m) the number of mosquitoes was negligible. Snow patches and exposed windy ridges had fewer mosquitoes than did open tundra. The oestrid season began in late June and lasted until early August. Oestrids were widespread throughout the study area and were present in all microhabitats. Caribou reduced harassment by mosquitoes by their altitudinal movements and use of microhabitat. Oestrids influenced activity budgets of caribou, acting to decrease feeding and resting time and to increase the time spent standing and moving.

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