scholarly journals Macronutrient selection of free-ranging urban Australian white ibis (Threskiornis moluccus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean CP Coogan ◽  
Gabriel E Machovsky-Capuska ◽  
Alistair M Senior ◽  
John M Martin ◽  
Richard E Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macronutrient Selection ◽  
White Ibis ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

Habitat selection by the Puerto Rican yellow-chinned anole, Anolis gundlachi

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A Rodríguez-Robles ◽  
Manuel Leal ◽  
Jonathan B Losos
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Woody Substrates ◽  
Selection Of

Habitat selection can directly affect the fitness of an individual and the evolutionary dynamics of the population to which that organism belongs. We studied habitat use of the Puerto Rican yellow-chinned anole (Anolis gundlachi Peters, 1876) to examine whether this arboreal lizard uses its environment in a nonrandom manner. Males and females preferred woody vegetation substrates over nonwoody plants and sierra palms (Prestoea acuminata var. montana (Graham) A. Henderson and G. Galeano) as perching sites, and they also selected wider vegetation than what was randomly available. Selection for minimizing conspicuousness to potential predators and for increased locomotion capacity may help explain the preference for woody substrates and broader surfaces, respectively. Anolis gundlachi relies almost exclusively on visual cues for foraging and social interactions, and using wider perches also increases an individual's ability to scan a larger proportion of its territory. Our findings thus indicate that the nonrandom habitat use of free-ranging A. gundlachi leads to the selection of perching substrates that may increase performance of ecologically relevant capabilities.

Food aversion learning in sheep: persistence of conditioned taste aversions to palatable shrubs (Cercocarpus montanus and Amelanchier alnifolia)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Burritt ◽  
F. D. Provenza
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Aversion Learning ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract We studied the persistence of conditioned taste aversions in sheep and whether or not sheep averted to one shrub species would avoid another shrub species. Three-month-old lambs were averted to the shrub Cercocarpus montanus by pairing its ingestion with lithium chloride (LiCl), a nonlethal gastrointestinal poison. When lambs were yearlings, they were offered C. montanus plants growing in 8-liter pots. During the persistence trial, averted sheep took fewer (P < .05) bites of C. montanus than controls did (19 vs 64 bites/sheep, respectively). Following the persistence trial, sheep that had been previously averted to C. montanus and consumed C. montanus received LiCl. Complete aversion to C. montanus was re-established in previously averted sheep with a single dose of LiCl. When sheep previously averted to C. montanus were offered potted Amelanchier alnifolia shrubs, averted sheep consumed 21 bites of A. alnifolia but controls consumed 58 bites (P < .05). This result suggests that previously averted sheep were either more food neophobic than controls or generalized their aversion from C. montanus to A. alnifolia. As with C. montanus, a single dose of LiCl completely averted sheep to A. alnifolia. When sheep grazed a pasture containing C. montanus and A. alnifolia averted sheep took fewer (P < .05) bites of the two shrubs than controls did (.2% vs 18%). Sheep showed no signs of extinguishing the aversion to either shrub during the grazing season (May-Sept.). Aversive conditioning may be useful to manipulate diet selection of free-ranging livestock.

scholarly journals Microhabitat selection of free-ranging beef cattle in south-boreal forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Mélanie Spedener ◽  
Morten Tofastrud ◽  
Olivier Devineau ◽  
Barbara Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Distribution and Habitat Selection of Free-Ranging European Bison (Bison bonasus L.) in a Mosaic Landscape—A Lithuanian Case

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitas Marozas ◽  
Artūras Kibiša ◽  
Gediminas Brazaitis ◽  
Kalev Jõgiste ◽  
Kastytis Šimkevičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Mosaic Landscape ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

In Lithuania, free-ranging European bison live sedentarily in the fragmented landscape of the central part of the country. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and habitat selection of European bison in a semi-isolated territory. Free-ranging European bison living sedentarily have formed six groups in the mosaic landscape of central Lithuania. A herd of 34 individuals of European bison entered into a new semi-isolated territory in 2016. During the snow-free season, we tracked the movements of the herd by fitting a global positioning system (GPS) collar to the leading cow. To evaluate the home range and habitat selection, we used ArcGIS software, Jacobs’ index, and chi-square testing to verify significant differences between proportions. The home range of European bison was largest in spring, decreased in summer, and increased again in autumn; this was associated with feeding and the food supply in agricultural lands. European bison spent more time in the forest, especially during the daytime, due to disturbance, but in summer time and at night, the bison did not avoid agricultural land. In the forests, European bison preferred clear-cut, small-leaved deciduous (aspen, grey alder) forests of middle and mature age, but they avoided broad-leaved deciduous (ash), coniferous, and young forests. The increased number of European bison caused damage to agricultural crops and increased conflict with farmers.

Selection of Deciduous Trees by Free Ranging Voles and Hares in Relation to Plant Chemistry

Oikos ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Hjältén ◽  
Thomas Palo ◽  
Joakim Hjalten
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Plant Chemistry ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

Diet selection of bonded and non-bonded free-ranging sheep and cattle

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Anderson ◽  
C.V. Hulet ◽  
S.K. Hamadeh ◽  
J.N. Smith ◽  
L.W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Diet Selection ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Adaptive selection of a prion strain conformer corresponding to established North American CWD during propagation of novel emergent Norwegian strains in mice expressing elk or deer prion protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. e1009748
Author(s):  
Jifeng Bian ◽  
Sehun Kim ◽  
Sarah J. Kane ◽  
Jenna Crowell ◽  
Julianna L. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
North American ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Strain Selection ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Prion Strain ◽  
Adaptive Selection ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

Prions are infectious proteins causing fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases of animals and humans. Replication involves template-directed refolding of host encoded prion protein, PrPC, by its infectious conformation, PrPSc. Following its discovery in captive Colorado deer in 1967, uncontrollable contagious transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) led to an expanded geographic range in increasing numbers of free-ranging and captive North American (NA) cervids. Some five decades later, detection of PrPSc in free-ranging Norwegian (NO) reindeer and moose marked the first indication of CWD in Europe. To assess the properties of these emergent NO prions and compare them with NA CWD we used transgenic (Tg) and gene targeted (Gt) mice expressing PrP with glutamine (Q) or glutamate (E) at residue 226, a variation in wild type cervid PrP which influences prion strain selection in NA deer and elk. Transmissions of NO moose and reindeer prions to Tg and Gt mice recapitulated the characteristic features of CWD in natural hosts, revealing novel prion strains with disease kinetics, neuropathological profiles, and capacities to infect lymphoid tissues and cultured cells that were distinct from those causing NA CWD. In support of strain variation, PrPSc conformers comprising emergent NO moose and reindeer CWD were subject to selective effects imposed by variation at residue 226 that were different from those controlling established NA CWD. Transmission of particular NO moose CWD prions in mice expressing E at 226 resulted in selection of a kinetically optimized conformer, subsequent transmission of which revealed properties consistent with NA CWD. These findings illustrate the potential for adaptive selection of strain conformers with improved fitness during propagation of unstable NO prions. Their potential for contagious transmission has implications for risk analyses and management of emergent European CWD. Finally, we found that Gt mice expressing physiologically controlled PrP levels recapitulated the lymphotropic properties of naturally occurring CWD strains resulting in improved susceptibilities to emergent NO reindeer prions compared with over-expressing Tg counterparts. These findings underscore the refined advantages of Gt models for exploring the mechanisms and impacts of strain selection in peripheral compartments during natural prion transmission.

Continuity of Affiliative Relationships among Infants and Juveniles in a Free-Ranging Group of Japanese Monkeys (Macaca Fuscata)

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
Yasuo Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Fuscata ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Japanese Monkeys ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

5 infants were observed during the first 13 mo. after birth in a free-ranging group of Japanese monkeys ( Macaco fuscata) to examine whether they maintained relatively frequent affiliative relationships with particular immature individuals. The number of immature affiliative partners rapidly increased from the first 3-mo. period after birth to the second 4-mo. period after birth, and the infants thereafter maintained affiliative relationships with particular individuals, mostly same-aged infants, at least in the second half of their first year. These findings show that infants were likely to interact with a larger number of different animals in the early stage of development, and thereafter selected particular individuals with whom they maintained affiliative relationships. The effects of sex on the selection of these long-term partners are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document