SP10.2.11 Horses for Courses – do surgical courses exist outside of the Royal Colleges?

Abstract Aims Educational courses supplement deanery-led teaching, and may be mandatory for training progression. The Royal College websites are the first contact for trainees to search for courses, with other courses identified by word of mouth. This project aimed to collate a first comprehensive database of courses available for core and higher general surgical trainees and to identify areas requiring development. Methods A snowballing approach was used to systematically search all online available resources. This includes, but was not limited to, websites of the Royal Colleges, sub-speciality societies, trainee organisations, regional centres, deaneries and surgical technology companies. Course target grade, price, provider and dates were collated into a database. Conferences and symposiums were excluded. Results 47 sources yielded 173 courses, priced between £50 to £1600 (median £450). Technical skills (89/173) and clinical courses (45/173) entailed the majority; only 3 courses developed non-technical skills and 4 developed surgical leadership. Other categories include revision (11.6%), teaching (5.2%), and research skills (1.7%). The Royal Colleges provided 27.7% of all available courses, with the majority developed and delivered by other institutions. There was significant variability in available course information. Conclusions There are a wide variety of courses available for surgical trainees, however this information is fragmented, duplicated and incomplete. A central database requires maintenance, but would provide a reliable source of information. Leadership, research and non-technical skills are critical skills for surgeons – the lack of courses in these areas was surprising and require development as only 4 courses are endorsed by the Royal Colleges.

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TP8.2.3 Horses for Courses – the Impact of Covid-19 on Surgical Training Courses

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab362.077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽

Author(s):

Roshneen Ali ◽

Alexander Baker ◽

Christopher Lewis

Keyword(s):

Surgical Training ◽

Online Courses ◽

Online Delivery ◽

Surgical Technology ◽

Technical Leadership ◽

Surgical Trainees ◽

Critical Skills ◽

Training Courses ◽

Primary Focus ◽

The Impact

Abstract Aims Surgical training has been disrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Educational courses may be mandatory for training progression, complementing critical skills for surgical trainees. Previous work collated a first comprehensive database of available courses. The aim of this project was to determine the extent of disruption caused to courses by the current pandemic. Methods A snowballing approach was used to systematically search all online resources for courses available in 2021. This included websites of the Royal Colleges, sub-speciality societies, trainee organisations, regional centres, deaneries and surgical technology companies. Course target grade, price, provider and dates were collated and compared to matching data from 2020. Results 35 sources yielded 127 courses. Since 2020, 78 courses had been cancelled and 37 new courses had been introduced. Courses price ranged between £90-1260 (median £495), with 12 courses increasing in cost overall and 4 reducing in cost due to online delivery. Only 13/127 courses were delivered online, 9 of which were newly available in 2021. Technical, clinical and revision courses constituted the majority (115/127), with only 3 courses dedicated to leadership or research. Conclusions Educational courses supplement aspects of deanery-led teaching which are perceived to be lacking. However, course providers must respond to the need of trainees and adapt to the training restrictions necessitated by the Covid-19 pandemic by improving the availability of online courses. Whilst technical skills are often the primary focus of surgical training, the importance of non-technical, leadership and research skills is arguably greater than ever and should be recognised.

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Prawne regulacje pobierania i transplantacji narządów oraz tkanek w ujęciu europejskiej konwencji bioetycznej

10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.16.3 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 52-65

Author(s):

Patryk Kołodyński ◽

Paulina Drab

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

European Convention ◽

The Public ◽

Additional Protocol ◽

The Past ◽

Reliable Source ◽

International Legal Order ◽

Definition Of ◽

Source Of Information

Over the past several years, transplantology has become one of the fastest developing areas of medicine. The reason is, first and foremost, a significant improvement of the results of successful transplants. However, much controversy arouse among the public, on both medical and ethical grounds. The article presents the most important concepts and regulations relating to the collection and transplantation of organs and tissues in the context of the European Convention on Bioethics. It analyses the convention and its additional protocol. The article provides the definition of transplantation and distinguishes its types, taking into account the medical criteria for organ transplants. Moreover, authors explained the issue of organ donation ex vivo and ex mortuo. The European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine clearly regulates the legal aspects concerning the transplantation and related basic concepts, and therefore provides a reliable source of information about organ transplantation and tissue. This act is a part of the international legal order, which includes the established codification of bioethical standards.

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Multiple object positions and how to diagnose them

10.1093/oso/9780198759522.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Lieven Danckaert

Keyword(s):

Structure Analysis ◽

Phrase Structure ◽

Final Part ◽

Multiple Object ◽

Reliable Source ◽

Extended Projection ◽

Modal Verb ◽

Source Of Information

This chapter addresses the question of which syntactic environment constitutes the most reliable source of information on variable object placement in Latin. The relevance of this question is illustrated by showing that very different results are obtained when one compares the rate of VO in two different syntactic contexts, namely clauses with a single synthetic verb and clauses with a modal verb and a dependent infinitive. It is argued that the OV/VO alternation is best studied to clauses with more than one verb, as in such clauses, more object positions can be unambiguously identified. The final part of the chapter is devoted to the phrase structure analysis of clauses with the modals possum ‘be able’ and debeo ‘have to’. These structures are argued to constitute monoclausal domains, in which the modals are raising predicates that originate in functional heads in the extended projection of lexical verbs.

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Debriefing Surgeons on Non-Technical Skills in the Operating Room - Results from a Pilot Study

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120705101113 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 663-667

Author(s):

S. Yule ◽

R. Flin ◽

N. Maran ◽

D. Rowley ◽

G. Youngson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Operating Room ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Valuable Adjunct ◽

Surgical Trainees ◽

Operative Surgery ◽

Enhance Patient Safety ◽

Behaviour Rating ◽

Current Assessment

Briefing and debriefing are common practices for safety in high risk industries but are not systematically done in surgery. Regular debriefing of performance after operative surgery can greatly assist surgical trainees' development and help optimize learning from the limited time they spend in the Operating Room (OR). We developed and tested the NOTSS (Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons) behaviour rating system with subject matter experts. It allows surgeons to observe trainees' behaviour in the OR and provide them with structured feedback for improvement. This paper describes process of debriefing and the results of a pilot usability trial. The majority of participants reported that the NOTSS system was useful for debriefing trainees, provided a common language to discuss non-technical skills, and was a valuable adjunct to current assessment tools. Some surgeons found interpersonal skills more difficult to rate than cognitive skills. 73% felt that routine use of the system would enhance patient safety.

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From technical to non-technical skills among information systems suppliers

Journal of Enterprise Information Management ◽

10.1108/jeim-07-2015-0061 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 320-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bénédicte Branchet ◽

Pierre-Yves Sanseau

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Business Models ◽

Work Organization ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Content Type ◽

Face To Face ◽

Key Skills ◽

Critical Skills ◽

Education And Society ◽

Is Outsourcing

Purpose Existing research infers that in the information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) fields, a shift may occur between technical and non-technical skills. However, relatively little research has focused on going changes in terms of key skills in the IS suppliers sector. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap by investigating these skills evolution in the IS suppliers domain and discusses their impacts on IS and IT curricula. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a qualitative method based on 15 semi-structured face-to-face interviews, with highly dedicated operational managers in senior positions in the field. Findings This study identifies, for the IS suppliers, the critical skills, which are basically non-technical, and peripheral skills, which are primarily technical. It then considers the consequences of this change and the necessary adaptations it requires for businesses and training for this field. Practical implications The findings suggest the need to redesign the educational curricula for future managers, and the adaptations required to the work organization, human resource management and business models of firms in the field. Originality/value The paper’s value is twofold. First, it focuses on IS service suppliers, an understudied area (most research examines IS outsourcing from the customer’s standpoint); second, it reveals the shift away from technical toward non-technical skills in a field that is intrinsically technical – a change that may occur more slowly than in other less technical sectors – and the consequences of this change for firms, education and society.

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Sui testi romanzi medievali in grafia greca come fonte di informazione linguistica

Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie (ZrP) ◽

10.1515/zrp-2017-0017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marco Maggiore

Keyword(s):

Language Contact ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Romance Languages ◽

13Th Century ◽

Medieval Romance ◽

Cultural Traditions ◽

Reliable Source ◽

Greek Alphabet ◽

Source Of Information

AbstractMedieval Romance texts in the Greek alphabet are generally considered a very reliable source of information about spoken vernacular varieties, mainly due to the intrinsic independence of their writers from the Latin graphic tradition. Nevertheless, as first observed by Alberto Varvaro and Anna Maria Compagna in 1983, these valuable documents, like any other kind of written evidence, are not immune from some degree of conventionality. This paper will focus on the problems raised by the codification of Romance languages in the Greek alphabet, which requires the study of multilingualism, language contact and coexistence of different (written and oral) cultural traditions. Exemplification will come from Italo-Romance texts produced in Sicily and Southern Italy before 1500, but also from texts of other Romance areas like the Gallo-Romance 13th Century

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Establishing a surgical skills laboratory and dissection curriculum for neurosurgical residency training

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2014.11.jns14902 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. 1331-1338 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

James K. C. Liu ◽

Varun R. Kshettry ◽

Pablo F. Recinos ◽

Kambiz Kamian ◽

Richard P. Schlenk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Training ◽

Training Programs ◽

Core Competencies ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Surgical Skills ◽

Training Experience ◽

Surgical Trainees ◽

Modern Health Care ◽

External Pressures ◽

Skills Laboratory

Surgical education has been forced to evolve from the principles of its initial inception, in part due to external pressures brought about through changes in modern health care. Despite these pressures that can limit the surgical training experience, training programs are being held to higher standards of education to demonstrate and document trainee competency through core competencies and milestones. One of the methods used to augment the surgical training experience and to demonstrate trainee proficiency in technical skills is through a surgical skills laboratory. The authors have established a surgical skills laboratory by acquiring equipment and funding from nondepartmental resources, through institutional and private educational grants, along with product donations from industry. A separate educational curriculum for junior- and senior-level residents was devised and incorporated into the neurosurgical residency curriculum. The initial dissection curriculum focused on cranial approaches, with spine and peripheral nerve approaches added in subsequent years. The dissections were scheduled to maximize the use of cadaveric specimens, experimenting with techniques to best preserve the tissue for repeated uses. A survey of residents who participated in at least 1 year of the curriculum indicated that participation in the surgical skills laboratory translated into improved understanding of anatomical relationships and the development of technical skills that can be applied in the operating room. In addition to supplementing the technical training of surgical residents, a surgical skills laboratory with a dissection curriculum may be able to help provide uniformity of education across different neurosurgical training programs, as well as provide a tool to assess the progression of skills in surgical trainees.

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