scholarly journals P-BN48 Utilising spatial geometry to obtain the ideal needle mount for laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kanitkar ◽  
Girivasan Muthukumarasamy ◽  
Pradeep Patil ◽  
Benjie Tang ◽  
Samer Zino
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Common Bile Duct Exploration ◽  
Light Reflection ◽  
Needle Holder ◽  
Intracorporeal Suturing ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Spatial Geometry

Abstract Background Intracorporeal suturing is an essential component of any advanced laparoscopic procedure like fundoplication, bypass surgery or common bile duct exploration. Obtaining the appropriate needle mount during suturing can be challenging. Spatial geometry defines points in three-dimensional space. Ergonomics in laparoscopic surgery identifies a manipulation angle of 60o to target as being optimal. This knowledge, in combination with the principles of light reflection can be used to understand needle orientation in laparoscopic suturing. Methods An experiment was designed on a laparoscopic trainer with three participants. Using the principles of spatial geometry and light reflection, four different points were identified on an angle chart and labelled for a right-hand dominant participant as; centre, right off-centre (5.5cm), right lateral (10 cm) and left off-centre (5.5cm). Each participant was instructed to mount the needle at the defined points using light reflection on the needle shaft as a reference guide. Three readings were taken for each position. Mounted angle was defined as the angle between the shaft of needle holder and long axis of the needle. This was measured using a special application and an average value determined for each position. Results The average values for the mounted angle measurements for each spatial position were: Centre(112o), Right off centre(101o), Right lateral (88.8o) and Left off centre (124.6o). Conclusions This study describes a novel and reproducible technique to obtain an ideal needle mount. For a needle mount greater than 100o either the centre position or the left off-centre position should be considered. 

scholarly journals V-Factor Indicator in the Assessment of the Change in the Attractiveness of View as a Result of the Implementation of a Specific Planning Scenario

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Magda Pluta ◽  
Bartosz Mitka
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Average Value ◽  
3D Space ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Special Points

This paper describes the algorithm of the view factor (V-factor). It is based on an analysis of visibility, taking into account the attractiveness of the observed elements in a three-dimensional space. The results of the V-factor analysis provide input for the decision-making process when selecting the most advantageous planning scenario so that the harmony of landscape and ecological balance can be maintained. The V-factor indicator can be successfully used in the process of spatial planning, in particular, at the stage of determining the parameters of new buildings and lines of sight between planned buildings. The purpose of the indicator is to determine the numerical values for observation points, thus facilitating a comparative assessment of the attractiveness of view available from the special points in space. The analysis uses a 3D space model that includes an integrated existing and planning state designed on the basis of planning scenarios. The V-factor analysis takes into account the distance of the observation point from the observed object, vertical and horizontal angles of observation, and the aesthetic value of the observed object. As a result, an average value of the V-factor indicator was obtained for each planning scenario, which facilitated the determination of the more beneficial one in terms of the attractiveness of view.

scholarly journals Spatial Geometry and Special Relativity: a comparative approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Botelho Kneubil
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Spatial Geometry ◽  
Geometric Space

In this work, it is shown the interplay of relative and absolute entities, which are present in both spatial geometry and special relativity. In order to strengthen the understanding of special relativity, we discuss firstly an instance of geometry and the existence of both frame-dependent and frame-independent entities. We depart from a subject well known by students, which is the three-dimensional geometric space in order to compare, afterwards, with the treatment of four-dimensional space in the special relativity. The differences and similarities between these two subjects are also presented in a explicit way, with the goal of improving the comprehension of newcomers on the theory of relativity.

scholarly journals Application of methods of multidimensional statistical analysis for the classification of signal fragments during cutting processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2091 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
A V Belov ◽  
N N Trufanov ◽  
D V Churikov ◽  
O V Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Vector Space ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vibration Sensor ◽  
Average Amplitude ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Abstract The preliminary processing of the signal coming from the vibration sensor is performed. Spectral analysis methods allow identifying the distinctive zones corresponding to three parameters: the average amplitude of vibrations, the average value of the spectrum, and the complex parameter of the vibration density obtained using interpolation methods. Hence, the vector contains the listed parameters as components produce a vector space, and the equations of separating surfaces in three-dimensional space and classification errors are calculated.

Three Dimensional structure and organization of diploid chromosomes by optical section microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 633-635
Author(s):  
David A. Agard ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka ◽  
John W. Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Structures

In an effort to understand the complex relationship between structure and biological function within the nucleus, we have embarked on a program to examine the three-dimensional structure and organization of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic chromosomes. Our overall goal is to determine how DNA and proteins are organized into complex and highly dynamic structures (chromosomes) and how these chromosomes are arranged in three dimensional space within the cell nucleus. Futher, we hope to be able to correlate structual data with such fundamental biological properties as stage in the mitotic cell cycle, developmental state and transcription at specific gene loci.Towards this end, we have been developing methodologies for the three-dimensional analysis of non-crystalline biological specimens using optical and electron microscopy. We feel that the combination of these two complementary techniques allows an unprecedented look at the structural organization of cellular components ranging in size from 100A to 100 microns.

Diffraction contrast of dislocations in icosahedral quasicrystals

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
K. Urban ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
M. Wollgarten ◽  
D. Gratias
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Extinction Condition ◽  
Burgers Vector ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Lattice Geometry ◽  
Reference Space ◽  
Icosahedral Quasicrystals ◽  
The One

Recently dislocations have been observed by electron microscopy in the icosahedral quasicrystalline (IQ) phase of Al65Cu20Fe15. These dislocations exhibit diffraction contrast similar to that known for dislocations in conventional crystals. The contrast becomes extinct for certain diffraction vectors g. In the following the basis of electron diffraction contrast of dislocations in the IQ phase is described. Taking account of the six-dimensional nature of the Burgers vector a “strong” and a “weak” extinction condition are found.Dislocations in quasicrystals canot be described on the basis of simple shear or insertion of a lattice plane only. In order to achieve a complete characterization of these dislocations it is advantageous to make use of the one to one correspondence of the lattice geometry in our three-dimensional space (R3) and that in the six-dimensional reference space (R6) where full periodicity is recovered . Therefore the contrast extinction condition has to be written as gpbp + gobo = 0 (1). The diffraction vector g and the Burgers vector b decompose into two vectors gp, bp and go, bo in, respectively, the physical and the orthogonal three-dimensional sub-spaces of R6.

Flavin radicals, conformational sampling and robust design principles in interprotein electron transfer: the trimethylamine dehydrogenase-electron-transferring flavoprotein complex

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
David Leys ◽  
Jaswir Basran ◽  
François Talfournier ◽  
Kamaldeep K. Chohan ◽  
Andrew W. Munro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Conformational Sampling ◽  
Trimethylamine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
Electron Transferring Flavoprotein ◽  
Electron Transfer Complex

TMADH (trimethylamine dehydrogenase) is a complex iron-sulphur flavoprotein that forms a soluble electron-transfer complex with ETF (electron-transferring flavoprotein). The mechanism of electron transfer between TMADH and ETF has been studied using stopped-flow kinetic and mutagenesis methods, and more recently by X-ray crystallography. Potentiometric methods have also been used to identify key residues involved in the stabilization of the flavin radical semiquinone species in ETF. These studies have demonstrated a key role for 'conformational sampling' in the electron-transfer complex, facilitated by two-site contact of ETF with TMADH. Exploration of three-dimensional space in the complex allows the FAD of ETF to find conformations compatible with enhanced electronic coupling with the 4Fe-4S centre of TMADH. This mechanism of electron transfer provides for a more robust and accessible design principle for interprotein electron transfer compared with simpler models that invoke the collision of redox partners followed by electron transfer. The structure of the TMADH-ETF complex confirms the role of key residues in electron transfer and molecular assembly, originally suggested from detailed kinetic studies in wild-type and mutant complexes, and from molecular modelling.

Topics in Quaternion Linear Algebra

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiba Rodman
Keyword(s):  
Linear Algebra ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Number System ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Unpublished Research ◽  
Reference Tool

Quaternions are a number system that has become increasingly useful for representing the rotations of objects in three-dimensional space and has important applications in theoretical and applied mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering. This is the first book to provide a systematic, accessible, and self-contained exposition of quaternion linear algebra. It features previously unpublished research results with complete proofs and many open problems at various levels, as well as more than 200 exercises to facilitate use by students and instructors. Applications presented in the book include numerical ranges, invariant semidefinite subspaces, differential equations with symmetries, and matrix equations. Designed for researchers and students across a variety of disciplines, the book can be read by anyone with a background in linear algebra, rudimentary complex analysis, and some multivariable calculus. Instructors will find it useful as a complementary text for undergraduate linear algebra courses or as a basis for a graduate course in linear algebra. The open problems can serve as research projects for undergraduates, topics for graduate students, or problems to be tackled by professional research mathematicians. The book is also an invaluable reference tool for researchers in fields where techniques based on quaternion analysis are used.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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