Nocturnal hawkmoth and noctuid moth pollination of Habenaria limprichtii (Orchidaceae) in sub-alpine meadows of the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

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The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160066 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 502-503

Author(s):

Eric Hallberg ◽

Lina Hansén

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Early Development ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Agrotis Segetum ◽

Antennal Sensilla ◽

Noctuid Moth ◽

Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

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Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80418-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wang Shijin ◽

Che Yanjun ◽

Wei Yanqiang

Keyword(s):

Mass Balance ◽

Dynamic Characteristics ◽

Flow Speed ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Ice Flow ◽

Change Rate ◽

Fast Movement ◽

The 1950S ◽

Yulong Snow Mountain

AbstractChina’s temperate glaciers have a relatively warm and humid climate and hydrothermal conditions at low latitudes. Temperate glaciers, however, have larger ablation, higher ice temperatures, relatively fast movement speeds, and a significant sliding process at the bottom. As a result, these glaciers are more significantly affected by climate change. On the basis of topographic maps, aerial photography, and Landsat OLI images, and combined with existing research results, this paper systematically analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers. The results are as follows: (1) From the 1950s to the 1970s, compared with other types of glaciers, temperate glaciers showed strong retreat and ablation trends in terms of area, length, speed, and mass balance. (2) The reduction rates of glacier areas of Kangri Garpo, Dagu Snow Mountain, Yulong Snow Mountain (YSM), and Meili Snow Mountain (MSM) in China’s temperate glacier areas all exceeded 38%, which was far above the national average of 18% from the 1950s to the 2010s. (3) The recent length retreat rates of Azha Glacier, Kangri Garpo, and Mingyong Glacier, MSM, Hailuogou Glacier (HG), Gongga Snow Mountain (GSM), and Baishui River Glacier No. 1 (BRGN1), YSM were above 22 m/a, which was faster than the retreat rates of other regions. (4) Consistent with glacier retreat, temperate glaciers also had a faster ice flow speed. The ice flow velocities of the BGN1, HG, Parlung River Glaciers No. 4 and 94, and Nyainqêntanglha were, respectively, 6.33–30.78 m/a, 41–205 m/a, 15.1–86.3 m/a, and 7.5–18.4 m/a, which was much faster than the velocity of other types of glaciers. (5) Mass loss of temperate glaciers was most dramatic during the observation period (1959–2015). The annual mass balance from eight typical temperate glaciers fluctuated between − 2.48 and 0.44 m w.e., and the annual average change rate of mass balance (− 0.037 m w.e./a) was much higher than that in China (− 0.015 m w.e./a, p < 0.0001) and globally (− 0.013 m w.e./a, p < 0.0001).

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Grazing exclusion reduces soil N2O emissions by regulating nirK- and nosZ-type denitrifiers in alpine meadows

Journal of Soils and Sediments ◽

10.1007/s11368-021-03035-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Zhang ◽

Xiangtao Wang ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Qian Wan ◽

Lirong Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

N2o Emissions ◽

Alpine Meadows ◽

Grazing Exclusion

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Revisiting the Labial Pit Organ Pathway in the Noctuid Moth, Helicoverpa armigera

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.00202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pramod KC ◽

Xi Chu ◽

Pål Kvello ◽

Xin-Cheng Zhao ◽

Gui-Rong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Noctuid Moth ◽

Pit Organ ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera

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Nysius cymoides (Spinola) on Chenopodium quinoa Willd. cultivated in Italy

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research ◽

10.4081/jear.2016.5897 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 332 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Bocchi ◽

D. Cinquanta ◽

M. Negri ◽

P. Dioli ◽

L. Limonta

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

European Market ◽

Alpine Meadows ◽

The Mediterranean

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) (Family: Amaranthaceae – APG classification) is an Andean grain recently introduced on the European market and cultivated in experimental fields. In one of these experimental fields, in San Giorgio Piacentino (Italy), a heavy bug infestation was observed. The species was identified as Nysius cymoides (Spinola) (Heteroptera Lygaeidae), a polyphagous species known as a pest of different crops. It occurs in the Mediterranean area from the sea level to the alpine meadows.

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