Geometric morphometrics of corolla shape in Campanula (Campanulaceae) from Cabo Verde archipelago

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu L Gardere ◽  
Jean-Yves Dubuisson ◽  
Serge Muller ◽  
Yoland Savriama
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Corolla Morphology

Abstract In the Cabo Verde archipelago, Campanula spp. (bellflowers) are currently represented by four endemic species restricted to mountainous islands (C. bravensis, C. feijoana, C. hortelensis and C. jacobaea), all of which are known for high floral polymorphism. Diagnostic features of the corolla often differ from original descriptions, bringing into question their taxonomic delimitation. Based on the variations in the corolla shape observed during fieldwork, eight morphogeographical entities were distinguished among the taxa in the archipelago. Geometric morphometrics was used to quantify and examine these floral variations. Corolla morphology of 221 photographed flowers was captured by 2D landmarks and semi-landmarks configurations and analysed with canonical variate analysis. The results show agreement between morphological groupings and their geographical ranges. For most entities, the geographical origin may be determined with accurate morphological examination of the flower. In this case, the corolla shape proves to be a taxonomically discriminant trait. Furthermore, the terminology used until now to characterize these different floral forms is discussed. The present study contributes significantly to clarifying the floral polymorphism in Cabo Verdean Campanula and suggests that taxonomic revision of this group is necessary.

scholarly journals Leaf geometric morphometrics among populations of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub.

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Vieira de Morais ◽  
Lorena Andrade Nunes ◽  
Vandira Pereira da Mata ◽  
Maria Angélica Pereira de Carvalho Costa ◽  
Geni da Silva Sodré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Geographical Distances

Leaves are plant structures that express important traits of the environment where they live. Leaf description has allowed identification of plant species as well as investigation of abiotic factors effects on their development, such as gases, light, temperature, and herbivory. This study described populations of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum through leaf geometric morphometrics in Brazil. We evaluated 200 leaves from four populations. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first four principal components were responsible for 97.81% of variation. The non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (NPMANOVA) indicated significant difference between samples (p = 0.0001). The Mentel test showed no correlation between geographical distances and shape. The canonical variate analysis (CVA) indicated that the first two variables were responsible for 96.77 % of total variation, while the cross-validation test showed an average of 83.33%. D. ecastaphyllum leaves are elliptical and ovate.

scholarly journals Comparison of Wing, Ovipositor, and Cornus Morphologies between Sirex noctilio and Sirex nitobei Using Geometric Morphometrics

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Ming Wang ◽  
Lixiang Wang ◽  
Ningning Fu ◽  
Chenglong Gao ◽  
Tegen Ao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Global Presence ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is an invasive woodwasp from Europe and North Africa. Globalization has led to an expanding global presence in pine forests. S. noctilio has been previously introduced outside of its native range and now co-occurs in trees with native S. nitobei Matsumura (first discovered in 2016). Damage to Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv in northeast China can be attributed to two types of woodwasp. To distinguish the two species by the traditional taxonomic morphology, we mainly differentiate the color of the male’s abdomen and the female’s leg. There remains intraspecific variation like leg color in the delimitation of related genera or sibling species of Sirex woodwasps. In this study, we used landmark-based geometric morphometrics including principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis, thin-plate splines, and cluster analysis to analyze and compare the wings, ovipositors, and cornus of two woodwasps to ascertain whether this approach is reliable for taxonomic studies of this group. The results showed significant differences in forewing venation and the shapes of pits in the middle of ovipositors among the two species, whereas little difference in hindwings and cornus was observed. This study assists in clarifying the taxonomic uncertainties of Siricidae and lays a foundation for further studies of the interspecific relationships of the genus Sirex.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Five Species of Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), based on Wing Shape

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Falamarzi ◽  
Behzad Habibpour ◽  
Mohammad S. Mossadegh ◽  
Alireza Monfared
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Respective Species

Abstract In the present work we used landmark-based geometric morphometrics to compare the wing shapes of five species of Megachile (belonging to three subgenera) to confirm whether this technique may be used reliably for differentiation of this group. Analyses of wing shape by the use of principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical variate analysis (CVA) led to a clear differentiation among species. We found a close phenotypic similarity in wing shape between M. albisecta (belonging to the subgenus Creightonella) and M. picicornis (belonging to the subgenus Eutricharaea). According to the results of UPGMA, a higher degree of divergence between M. farinosa (belonging to the subgenus Pseudomegachile) and species belonging to other subgenera, was detected. The results of a cross-validation test indicated that geometric morphometrics is an effective technique to use for distinguishing between Megachile species. The reliability rate of this technique was between 85.71-100%. Using only two submarginal cell landmarks for generating shape variables, the cross-validation test correctly assigned individuals to their respective species, with a 92.85-100% reliability rate. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species.

scholarly journals Studying the Shape Variations of the Back, the Neck, and the Mandibular Angle of Horses Depending on Specific Feeding Postures Using Geometric Morphometrics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Federica Raspa ◽  
Angela Roggero ◽  
Claudia Palestrini ◽  
Martina Marten Canavesio ◽  
Domenico Bergero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
The Right

The effects of specific feeding positions upon the horse’s shape variations of the back and neck postures as well as the variations of the mandibular angle have never been objectively studied. For this reason, geometric morphometrics was applied. Six horses, aged 14 ± 8 years (mean ± standard deviation, SD), were video-recorded while using three different feeding positions: on the ground—control position (CP); neck held 15 ± 3° below withers height with low hay net position (LP); neck held 15 ± 3° above withers height with high hay net position (HP). Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and partial least squares (PLS). A mixed model procedure was applied to evaluate differences in the magnitude of the mandibular angle. Whilst differences between individual horses were confirmed by canonical variate analysis (CVA), PCA analysis showed that a characteristic feeding position could also be identified on a group level. During the HP hay net position, the back and neck postures as well the mandibular angle were different compared to those exhibited by horses feeding from CP. In LP hay net position, the back posture more closely resembled those exhibited while feeding from CP; however, no similarity between LP and CP was found for neck posture and mandibular angle. Since only a few degrees of variation of the feeding position can influence back and neck postures, this aspect should be further investigated. The right compromise between horse welfare, horse safety, and management practices need to be further explored and long-term effects should be investigated.

scholarly journals Revision of Palaearctic and Oriental Necrophila Kirby & Spence, part 2: subgenus Chrysosilpha Portevin (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3261 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN RŮŽIČKA ◽  
JAN SCHNEIDER ◽  
JARIN QUBAIOVÁ ◽  
MASAAKI NISHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Variate Analysis

A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Chrysosilpha Portevin, 1921 (of the genus Necrophila Kirby & Spence, 1828) ispresented. Three valid species are recognized: (1) N. (C.) formosa (Laporte, 1832), comb. nov. (ex Silpha Linnaeus, 1758),widely distributed from Laos and Vietnam through the Malay Peninsula, to Sumatra and Bali, with Silpha chloropteraLaporte, 1840 and Chrysosilpha chloroptera var. magnifica Portevin, 1921 as newly established junior subjectivesynonyms; (2) N. (C.) renatae (Portevin, 1920), comb. nov. (ex Silpha), endemic to Sulawesi; and (3) N. (C.) viridis(Motschulsky, 1861), comb. nov. (ex Oiceoptoma Leach, 1815), endemic to the Philippines. Lectotypes are designated forSilpha formosa Laporte, 1832; Silpha chloroptera Laporte, 1840 and Chrysosilpha chloroptera var. magnifica Portevin,1921. Georeferenced records for all three species are mapped. Parsimony analysis supports the monophyly ofChrysosilpha, with N. (C.) formosa as the sister to a clade of N. (C.) renatae and N. (C.) viridis. Geometricalmorphometrics (thin-plate spline) discriminated the three species of Chrysosilpha; the first two relative warp axesindicated 70.31% shape variation in males and 77.18% in females, which was further confirmed by MANOVA to be highlysignificant. Canonical variate analysis indicated no overlap between the three taxa and enabled a 100% correct classification of each specimen to its group mean.

scholarly journals Morphological Discrimination of Greek Honey Bee Populations Based on Geometric Morphometrics Analysis of Wing Shape

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas Charistos ◽  
Fani Hatjina ◽  
Maria Bouga ◽  
Mica Mladenovic ◽  
Anastasios D. Maistros
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Canonical Variate Analysis ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Variate Analysis

Abstract Honey bees collected from 32 different localities in Greece were studied based on the geometric morphometrics approach using the coordinates of 19 landmarks located at wing vein intersections. Procrustes analysis, principal component analysis, and Canonical variate analysis (CVA) detected population variability among the studied samples. According to the Principal component analysis (PCA ) of pooled data from each locality, the most differentiated populations were the populations from the Aegean island localities Astypalaia, Chios, and Kythira. However, the populations with the most distant according to the canonical variate analysis performed on all measurements were the populations from Heraklion and Chania (both from Crete island). These results can be used as a starting point for the use of geometric morphometrics in the discrimination of honey bee populations in Greece and the establishment of conservation areas for local honey bee populations.

scholarly journals A multivariate analysis of subline divergence in the shape of the mandible in C57BL/Gr mice

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Festing
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Distance Function ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
Classification Analysis ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Pedigree Relationship ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Generalized Distance

SUMMARYThe shape of the mandible in. nine sublines of C57BL/Gr, seven other strains of ‘C57 ancestry’ and four unrelated strains was studied by multivariate techniques. The generalized distance function was used to classify individuals in the groups which they most closely resembled. The degree of misclassification depended on the pedigree relationship between strains and sublines. The generalized distance between pairs of subline centeroids was also highly correlated (r = 0·60) with the number of generations between them. A canonical variate analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality so that a graphical display of the relationships between strains and sublines could be made. The results agreed closely with the classification analysis. It was concluded that the shape of the mandible could be used for subline identification though the accuracy of this technique depends on how closely the sublines are related.

Taxonomic relationships of Nearctic small-footed bats of the Myotis leibii group (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2519-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. van Zyll de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Variate Analysis ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Myotis Leibii

Crania and bacula of five taxa of small-footed bats of the leibii group, comprising two currently recognised species, Myotis californicus and M. leibii, were studied to elucidate their interrelationships. Canonical variate analysis of 14 cranial measurements shows the existence of three distinct nonoverlapping clusters corresponding to (i) M. californicus, (ii) M. I. ciliolabrum and M. I. melanorhinus, and (iii) M. I. leibii. The results of the morphometric analyses do not support the claim that M. I. leibii and M. I. melanorhinus intergrade in Oklahoma. The taxonomic interpretation of the results is that the western forms of M. leibii represent a separate species M. ciliolabrum (Mcrriam). The bacula of the taxa studied lack distinctive characters that would allow one to discriminate between the species of the leibii group.

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