scholarly journals Breast Milk Leptin, Breastfeeding Behavior and Infant Body Composition and Growth (P11-027-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Andrews ◽  
Daria Turner ◽  
Carmen Monthe-Dreze ◽  
Carol Wagner ◽  
Sarbattama Sen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Objectives Determine the associations of i) maternal body mass index (BMI) with breast milk (BM) leptin concentration and ii) BM leptin concentration with infant breastfeeding behaviors, body composition, and growth. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of 40 mother-infant dyads from a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation during lactation (NCT 00412074). Study staff collected mother's BM and anthropometric data (weight, height, adiposity via DEXA scan) of mother and infant at 1 month (V1), 4 months (V4), and 7 months (V7) postpartum, and maternal report of breastfeeding behaviors at V1 and V4. BM leptin was measured using mesoscale discovery. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the association between maternal BMI and BM leptin at V1 and V4. The association of BM leptin with infant breastfeeding (BF) behaviors (number of BF events per day, duration of each BF, interval between BF, and total time BF per day) and infant anthropometric measures (BMI-Z score, total fat mass, total lean mass, and change (Δ) in these measures between V1 and V4, V1 and V7, and V4 and V7) was examined using linear regression with adjustment for covariates. Results Maternal BMI (mean 29.0 kg/m2, SD 5.1 kg/m2) positively correlated with BM leptin concentration at V1 (mean 1.1 ng/mL, SD; r = 0.5, P = 0.005) and V4 (mean 1.4 ng/mL, SD 1.5 ng/mL; r = 0.6, P = 0.001). Breast milk leptin was not associated with any measures of infant BF behaviors (Table 1). Greater BM leptin at V1 was associated with greater increase in lean mass from V1 to V4 (β = 137.5 g higher change in lean mass per ng/mL increase of leptin, P = 0.021) and greater BM leptin at V4 was associated with greater lean mass at V7 (β = 269.6g per ng/mL increase of leptin P = 0.04) (Table 2). Conclusions Higher maternal BMI was associated with higher BM leptin concentrations. Higher BM leptin was associated with higher lean mass accrual in the first year of life. We did not find evidence that BM leptin was associated with BF behaviors in this exclusively BF cohort. Further research should seek to understand the mechanisms by which BM leptin affects growth in early infancy. Funding Sources Nutrition Obesity Research Consortium at Harvard; (NIH) 5R01HD043921, NIH RR01070; and UL1 TR000062. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Does Prepregnancy Weight or Maternal BMI at Betamethasone Administration Impact Late Preterm Respiratory Morbidity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 365-369
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Bicocca ◽  
Sean C. Blackwell ◽  
Baha M. Sibai
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Prepregnancy Bmi ◽  
Prepregnancy Weight ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Objective We sought to determine if maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for neonatal respiratory morbidity and to determine if increasing BMI decreased the efficacy of betamethasone (BMZ). Study Design This was a secondary analysis of the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids trial, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 2,831 women between 340/7 and 365/7 weeks who received BMZ or a matching placebo. We compared the rate of neonatal respiratory morbidity among prepregnancy BMI classes in both the placebo and treatment groups. We also stratified the treatment effect by maternal BMI at the time of delivery. Results A total of 2,822 women were identified with maternal weight recorded at delivery; 2,740 women also had self-reported prepregnancy weight available. When stratified by prepregnancy BMI class, there was no difference in neonatal respiratory morbidity in the BMZ or in placebo groups. When analyzed by BMI at delivery, there was no difference in the rate of neonatal respiratory morbidity, and BMI was not a predictor of treatment response (odds ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.99–1.02). Conclusion Maternal prepregnancy BMI is not associated with late preterm neonatal respiratory morbidity. Maternal obesity does not decrease the efficacy of BMZ for preventing late preterm neonatal respiratory morbidity.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Factors in Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lerchbaum ◽  
Christian Trummer ◽  
Verena Theiler-Schwetz ◽  
Martina Kollmann ◽  
Monika Wölfler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Vitamin D might play a role in metabolic processes and obesity. We therefore examined vitamin D effects on metabolic markers and obesity in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). This is a post-hoc analysis of the Graz Vitamin D&TT-RCT, a single-center, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. We included 200 healthy men with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) levels <75 nmol/L. Subjects received 20,000 IU of vitamin D3/week (n = 100) or placebo (n = 100) for 12 weeks. Outcome measures were metabolic markers, anthropometric measures, and body composition assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One-hundred and ninety-two men completed the study. We found a significant treatment effect on fasting glucose/fasting insulin ratio (−5.3 (−10.4 to −0.2), p = 0.040), whereas we observed no significant effect on the remaining outcome parameters. In subgroup analyses of men with baseline 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L (n = 80), we found a significant effect on waist circumference (1.6 (0.3 to 2.9) cm, p = 0.012), waist-to-hip ratio (0.019 (0.002 to 0.036), p = 0.031), total body fat (0.029 (0.004 to 0.055) %, p = 0.026), and android fat (1.18 (0.11 to 2.26) %, p = 0.010). In middle-aged healthy men, vitamin D treatment had a negative effect on insulin sensitivity. In vitamin D deficient men, vitamin D has an unfavorable effect on central obesity and body composition.

Impact of breast milk intake on body composition at term in very preterm babies: secondary analysis of the Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates randomised controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. F306-F312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangmei Li ◽  
Xinxue Liu ◽  
Neena Modi ◽  
Sabita Uthaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Score Change ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of breast milk (BM) intake on body composition at term in very preterm infants.DesignPreplanned secondary analysis of the Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates Study, a 2-by-2 factorial randomised controlled trial of preterm parenteral nutrition (PN).SettingFour National Health Service hospitals in London and South-East England.PatientsInfants born at <31 weeks of gestation; infants with life-threatening congenital abnormalities and those unable to receive trial PN within 24 hours of birth were ineligible. 133 infants survived and underwent whole-body MRI at term (37–44 weeks postmenstrual age).Main outcome measuresNon-adipose tissue mass (non-ATM), ATM and ATM as a percentage of body weight (% ATM) at term.ResultsCompared with the exclusively BM group (proportion of BM=100% milk, n=56), predominantly formula-fed infants (BM ≤50%, n=38) weighed 283.6 g (95% CI 121.6 to 445.6) more, had 257.4 g (139.1–375.7) more non-ATM and a greater positive weight Z-score change between birth and term. There were no significant differences in weight, non-ATM and weight Z-score change between the exclusively and predominantly BM (BM 51%–99%, n=39) groups. Compared with the exclusively BM group no significant differences were observed in ATM and %ATM in the predominantly BM and predominantly formula-fed groups.ConclusionsThe slower weight gain of preterm infants fed BM appears to be due to a deficit in non-ATM and may reflect lower protein intake. Whether this pattern persists into childhood, is altered by BM fortification or later diet, or relates to functional outcomes, are important research questions.Clinical trial registrationISRCTN29665319, post results.

scholarly journals Single High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation as an Approach for Reducing Ultramarathon-Induced Inflammation: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1280
Author(s):  
Jan Mieszkowski ◽  
Andżelika Borkowska ◽  
Błażej Stankiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Kochanowicz ◽  
Bartłomiej Niespodziński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Oncostatin M ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
High Dose Vitamin

Purpose: A growing number of studies indicate the importance of vitamin D supplementation for sports performance. However, the effects of a single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on ultramarathon-induced inflammation have not been investigated. We here analyzed the effect of a single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on the inflammatory marker levels in ultramarathon runners after an ultramarathon run (maximal run 240 km). Methods: In the study, 35 runners (amateurs) were assigned into two groups: single high-dose vitamin D supplementation group, administered vitamin D (150,000 IU) in vegetable oil 24 h before the start of the run (n = 16); and placebo group (n = 19). Blood was collected for analysis 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 h after the run. Results: Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly increased after the ultramarathon in both groups. The increase was greater in the vitamin D group than in the control group. Based on post-hoc and other analyses, the increase in interleukin 6 and 10, and resistin levels immediately after the run was significantly higher in runners in the control group than that in those in the supplementation group. Leptin, oncostatin M, and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor levels were significantly decreased in both groups after the run, regardless of the supplementation. Conclusions: Ultramarathon significantly increases the serum 25(OH)D levels. Attenuation of changes in interleukin levels upon vitamin D supplementation confirmed that vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effect on exercise-induced inflammation.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Surrogate Markers of Fertility in PCOS Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lerchbaum ◽  
Verena Theiler-Schwetz ◽  
Martina Kollmann ◽  
Monika Wölfler ◽  
Stefan Pilz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Vitamin D (VD) might play an important role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and female fertility. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT) is sparse. We examined VD effects on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and other endocrine markers in PCOS and non-PCOS women. This is a post hoc analysis of a single-center, double-blind RCT conducted between December 2011 and October 2017 at the endocrine outpatient clinic at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. We included 180 PCOS women and 150 non-PCOS women with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations <75 nmol/L in the trial. We randomized subjects to receive 20,000 IU of VD3/week (119 PCOS, 99 non-PCOS women) or placebo (61 PCOS, 51 non-PCOS women) for 24 weeks. Outcome measures were AMH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and androstenedione. In PCOS women, we observed a significant treatment effect on FSH (mean treatment effect 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.087 to 1.799, p = 0.031) and LH/FSH ratio (mean treatment effect −0.335, 95% CI −0.621 to 0.050, p = 0.022), whereas no significant effect was observed in non-PCOS women. In PCOS women, VD treatment for 24 weeks had a significant effect on FSH and LH/FSH ratio but no effect on AMH levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document