scholarly journals Research on the potential-induced degradation (PID) of PV modules running in two typical climate regions

Clean Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Gang Sun ◽  
Xiaohe Tu ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Different Types

Abstract In order to accurately select photovoltaic modules under different climatic conditions, three kinds of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules were prepared for this study using different properties of packaging materials and two typical climatic zones of China were selected for installation and operation of these photovoltaic (PV) modules. The photoelectric parameters (maximum power, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, etc.) and electroluminescence images of these modules were analysed before and after their operation for 6 months. The study found that the performance of PV modules in different climatic regions shows different decay tendency and degradation mechanism. There was a significant difference in the degradation of the three different types of PV modules in the sub-humid-hot region (Suzhou, Jiangsu); two kinds of photovoltaic modules using relatively poorly performing package materials showed significant potential-induced degradation effects. However, the degradation trend of the three different types of PV modules in the warm-temperate region (Kenli, Shandong) was consistent and no significant potential-induced degradation effect was observed.

scholarly journals Flexible Ag Microparticle/MXene-Based Film for Energy Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Jia ◽  
Yamin Pan ◽  
Chunfeng Wang ◽  
Chuntai Liu ◽  
Changyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Heating Performance ◽  
Flexible Films ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

AbstractUltra-thin flexible films have attracted wide attention because of their excellent ductility and potential versatility. In particular, the energy-harvesting films (EHFs) have become a research hotspot because of the indispensability of power source in various devices. However, the design and fabrication of such films that can capture or transform different types of energy from environments for multiple usages remains a challenge. Herein, the multifunctional flexible EHFs with effective electro-/photo-thermal abilities are proposed by successive spraying Ag microparticles and MXene suspension between on waterborne polyurethane films, supplemented by a hot-pressing. The optimal coherent film exhibits a high electrical conductivity (1.17×104 S m−1), excellent Joule heating performance (121.3 °C) at 2 V, and outstanding photo-thermal performance (66.2 °C within 70 s under 100 mW cm−1). In addition, the EHFs-based single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) give short-circuit transferred charge of 38.9 nC, open circuit voltage of 114.7 V, and short circuit current of 0.82 μA. More interestingly, the output voltage of TENG can be further increased via constructing the double triboelectrification layers. The comprehensive ability for harvesting various energies of the EHFs promises their potential to satisfy the corresponding requirements.

An Assessment on Simple Modeling Approaches to the Electric Behavior of Two CIS PV Modules in a Sunny Climate

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nofuentes ◽  
M. Fuentes ◽  
J. Aguilera ◽  
J. V. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Copper Indium ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Electric Behavior ◽  
Module Performance ◽  
The City

Predicting both copper indium diselenide (CIS) module and generator performance outdoors is a crucial issue for designers and installers who use this technology. Three simple methods addressed to predict the behavior of two modules of this technology in a sunny climate have been empirically tried. A 12-month test and measurement campaign carried out using two calibrated CIS photovoltaic (PV) modules in the city of Jaén (Spain, latitude 38°N, longitude 3°W) has provided the necessary empirical data. Results show that the electric behavior of these CIS PV modules may be described with adequate accuracy—for PV engineering in sunny sites—assuming the fill factor remains constant through operation while short-circuit current and open circuit voltage vary linearly with incident global irradiance and cell temperature, respectively. Further, degradation has been of no concern—otherwise, this would have invalidated the above conclusions—as it stems from the small difference between the results of the initial calibration and those of a recalibration of the modules after their outdoor exposure. Additionally, high values of the module performance ratio lead to the same conclusion.

scholarly journals Temporary Performance Degradation of Photovoltaic Street Light in Kupang City, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Julius Tanesab ◽  
Rusman Sinaga ◽  
James Mauta ◽  
Adrianus Amheka ◽  
Edwin Hattu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Simple Analysis ◽  
Pv Modules

This study investigated the effect of dust to the performance degradation of PV street lights deployed at several areas (coastal, urban, industry, and village) in Kupang city. Results showed that maximum power output (Pmax) of all modules decreased by 9 % to 14 %. Short circuit current (Isc) was the parameter strongly affected by dust compared to open circuit voltage (Voc). Performance of the PV modules increased back to their initial conditions after cleaning. This was indicated by the increasing of Isc and Voc of the modules that leading to the escalating of their Pmax values. The worst effect of dust was exhibited by PV modules installed at coastal area. A simple analysis revealed that the module would lose 87.75 Wh of energy d–1. This study suggested that dust derating factor applied for PV street light design in Kupang should be higher than the standard (5 %).

scholarly journals Estimation of Photovoltaic Module Parameters based on Total Error Minimization of I-V Characteristic

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432
Author(s):  
M. N. Abdullah ◽  
M. Z. Hussin ◽  
S. A. Jumaat ◽  
N. H. Radzi ◽  
Lilik J. Awalin
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Modules

Mathematical Modelling of photovoltaic (PV) modules is important for simulation and performance analysis of PV system. Therefore, an accurate parameters estimation is necessary. Single-diode and two-diode model are widely used to model the PV system. However, it required to determine several parameters such as series and shunt resistances that not provided in datasheet.  The main goal of PV modelling technique is to obtain the accurate parameters to ensure the I-V characteristic is closed to the manufacturer datasheet. Previously, the maximum power error of calculated and datasheet value are considered as objective to be minimized for both models. This paper proposes the PV parameter estimation model based minimizing the total error of open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current (ISC) and maximum power (PMAX) where all these parameters are provided by the manufacturer. The performance of single-diode and two-diode models are tested on different type of PV modules using MATLAB. It found that the two-diode model obtained accurate parameters with smaller error compared to single-diode model. However, the simulation time is slightly higher than single-diode model due extra calculation required.

Effect of temperature and pre-annealing on the potential-induced degradation of silicon heterojunction photovoltaic modules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaming Xu ◽  
Huynh Thi Cam Tu ◽  
Atsushi MASUDA ◽  
Keisuke OHDAIRA
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Modules

Abstract We investigate the effect of temperature and pre-annealing on the potential-induced degradation (PID) of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) photovoltaic (PV) modules. SHJ PV modules show a faster decrease in short-circuit current density (Jsc) at higher temperatures during PID tests. We also observe a complex relationship between the degree of the Jsc decrease and temperature during the PID tests. Pre-annealing before the PID tests at sufficiently high temperatures leads to the complete suppression of the PID of SHJ PV modules. The decrease in Jsc is known to be due to the chemical reduction of indium (In) in transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films in SHJ cells, in which water (H2O) in SHJ modules is involved. These indicate that H2O may out-diffuse from the SHJ PV modules during a PID test or pre-annealing at sufficiently high temperatures, by which the chemical reduction of indium in TCO into metallic In is suppressed.

scholarly journals Reliability and Degradation of Solar PV Modules—Case Study of a 19-Year Old Polycrystalline Modules in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Quansah ◽  
Muyiwa S. Adaramola ◽  
Gabriel Takyi ◽  
Isaac A. Edwin
Keyword(s):  
Physical State ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Kwame Nkrumah ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Term Performance

Fourteen (14) rack-mounted polycrystalline modules installed on the concrete roof of the solar energy applications laboratory at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Ghana, a hot humid environment were assessed after 19 years of continuous outdoor expodure. The physical state of the modules was documented using a visual inspection checklist. They were further assessed by current-voltage (I-V) characterization and thermal imaging. The modules were found to be in good physical state, except some bubbles on front side and minor discolouration/corrosion at edge of the cells. Compared with reference values, the performance decline of the modules observed over the exposure period was: nominal power (Pnom), 21% to 35%; short circuit current (Isc), 5.8% to 11.7%; open circuit voltage (Voc) 3.6% to 5.6% and 11.9% to 25.7% for fill factor (FF). It is hoped that this study will provide some helpful information to project developers, manufacturers and the research community on the long-term performance of PV modules in Ghana.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on Electrical Characteristics of Different Photovoltaic Module Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman Jatoi ◽  
Saleem Raza Samo ◽  
Abdul Qayoom Jakhrani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of temperature on electrical characteristics of crystalline and amorphous photovoltaic (PV) modules in outdoor conditions at Nawabshah. The experimental setup was made over the roof of the departmental building. The climatic conditions of site were recorded with the help of HP-2000 Professional Weather Station in three different timings of the day, i.e. morning, noon and evening. The electrical characteristics of the PV modules were recorded with Prova-210 and module temperatures with Prova-830. The maximum intensity of global solar radiation was recorded at noon and ambient temperature in the evening and the relative humidity in the morning hours. It was observed that amorphous module got 0.7°C, 1.0°C and 1.6°C more average temperature than polycrystalline, thin film and monocrystalline modules respectively. The average maximum measured open-circuit voltage was noted from amorphous with 96.7% and minimum from thin film with 81.3% of their respective values on standard conditions, whereas, the average maximum recorded short-circuit current was produced by thin film with 64.9% and minimum by amorphous with 51.4%. The average maximum power was produced by polycrystalline and minimum by amorphous module. It was discovered that the crystalline PV modules gave more fill factor than thin film and amorphous module.Article History: Received January 6th 2018; Received in revised form May 5th 2018; Accepted May 26th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Jatoi, A.R., Samo, S.R. and Jakhrani, A.Q. (2018). Influence of Temperature on Electrical Characteristics of Different Photovoltaic Module Technologies. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 85-91.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.85-91

scholarly journals Reliability and Degradation of Solar PV Modules—Case Study of 19-Year Old Polycrystalline Modules in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Quansah ◽  
Muyiwa S. Adaramola ◽  
Gabriel Takyi ◽  
Isaac A. Edwin
Keyword(s):  
Physical State ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Kwame Nkrumah ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Term Performance

Fourteen (14) rack-mounted polycrystalline modules installed on the concrete roof of the solar energy applications laboratory at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Ghana, a hot humid environment were assessed after 19 years of continuous outdoor expodure. The physical state of the modules was documented using a visual inspection checklist. They were further assessed by current-voltage (I-V) characterization and thermal imaging. The modules were found to be in good physical state, except some bubbles on front side and minor discolouration/corrosion at edge of the cells. Compared with reference values, the performance decline of the modules observed over the exposure period was: nominal power (Pnom), 21% to 35%; short circuit current (Isc), 5.8% to 11.7%; open circuit voltage (Voc) 3.6% to 5.6% and 11.9% to 25.7% for fill factor (FF). It is hoped that this study will provide some helpful information to project developers, manufacturers and the research community on the long-term performance of PV modules in Ghana.

Impact estimation of average photon energy from two spectrum bands on short circuit current of photovoltaic modules

Solar Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 1300-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Mano ◽  
Md. Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Aika Kamei ◽  
Takashi Minemoto
Keyword(s):  
Photon Energy ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Average Photon Energy

scholarly journals CdTe-Based Thin Film Solar Cells: Past, Present and Future

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Alessandro Romeo ◽  
Elisa Artegiani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency

CdTe is a very robust and chemically stable material and for this reason its related solar cell thin film photovoltaic technology is now the only thin film technology in the first 10 top producers in the world. CdTe has an optimum band gap for the Schockley-Queisser limit and could deliver very high efficiencies as single junction device of more than 32%, with an open circuit voltage of 1 V and a short circuit current density exceeding 30 mA/cm2. CdTe solar cells were introduced at the beginning of the 70s and they have been studied and implemented particularly in the last 30 years. The strong improvement in efficiency in the last 5 years was obtained by a new redesign of the CdTe solar cell device reaching a single solar cell efficiency of 22.1% and a module efficiency of 19%. In this paper we describe the fabrication process following the history of the solar cell as it was developed in the early years up to the latest development and changes. Moreover the paper also presents future possible alternative absorbers and discusses the only apparently controversial environmental impacts of this fantastic technology.

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