NMDA Receptor-Mediated Motor Cortex Plasticity After 20 Hz Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2924-2931 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wischnewski ◽  
M Engelhardt ◽  
M A Salehinejad ◽  
D J L G Schutter ◽  
M -F Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Beta Oscillations ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Motor Cortex Plasticity

Abstract Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been shown to modulate neural oscillations and excitability levels in the primary motor cortex (M1). These effects can last for more than an hour and an involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated synaptic plasticity has been suggested. However, to date the cortical mechanisms underlying tACS after-effects have not been explored. Here, we applied 20 Hz beta tACS to M1 while participants received either the NMDAR antagonist dextromethorphan or a placebo and the effects on cortical beta oscillations and excitability were explored. When a placebo medication was administered, beta tACS was found to increase cortical excitability and beta oscillations for at least 60 min, whereas when dextromethorphan was administered, these effects were completely abolished. These results provide the first direct evidence that tACS can induce NMDAR-mediated plasticity in the motor cortex, which contributes to our understanding of tACS-induced influences on human motor cortex physiology.

scholarly journals Online and offline effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation of the primary motor cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Pozdniakov ◽  
Alicia Nunez Vorobiova ◽  
Giulia Galli ◽  
Simone Rossi ◽  
Matteo Feurra
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

AbstractTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that allows interaction with endogenous cortical oscillatory rhythms by means of external sinusoidal potentials. The physiological mechanisms underlying tACS effects are still under debate. Whereas online (e.g., ongoing) tACS over the motor cortex induces robust state-, phase- and frequency-dependent effects on cortical excitability, the offline effects (i.e. after-effects) of tACS are less clear. Here, we explored online and offline effects of tACS in two single-blind, sham-controlled experiments. In both experiments we used neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) as a probe to index changes of cortical excitability and delivered M1 tACS at 10 Hz (alpha), 20 Hz (beta) and sham (30 s of low-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation; tRNS). Corticospinal excitability was measured by single pulse TMS-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs). tACS was delivered online in Experiment 1 and offline in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, the increase of MEPs size was maximal with the 20 Hz stimulation, however in Experiment 2 neither the 10 Hz nor the 20 Hz stimulation induced tACS offline effects. These findings support the idea that tACS affects cortical excitability only during online application, at least when delivered on the scalp overlying M1, thereby contributing to the development of effective protocols that can be applied to clinical populations.

Comparatively weak after-effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on cortical excitability in humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Antal ◽  
Klára Boros ◽  
Csaba Poreisz ◽  
Leila Chaieb ◽  
Daniella Terney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

scholarly journals High Gamma and Beta Temporal Interference Stimulation in the Human Motor Cortex Improves Motor Functions

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Ma ◽  
Xinzhao Xia ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Zhuo Lu ◽  
Qianying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
Human Motor

Background: Temporal interference (TI) stimulation is a new technique of non-invasive brain stimulation. Envelope-modulated waveforms with two high-frequency carriers can activate neurons in target brain regions without stimulating the overlying cortex, which has been validated in mouse brains. However, whether TI stimulation can work on the human brain has not been elucidated.Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the envelope-modulated waveform of TI stimulation on the human primary motor cortex (M1).Methods: Participants attended three sessions of 30-min TI stimulation during a random reaction time task (RRTT) or a serial reaction time task (SRTT). Motor cortex excitability was measured before and after TI stimulation.Results: In the RRTT experiment, only 70 Hz TI stimulation had a promoting effect on the reaction time (RT) performance and excitability of the motor cortex compared to sham stimulation. Meanwhile, compared with the sham condition, only 20 Hz TI stimulation significantly facilitated motor learning in the SRTT experiment, which was significantly positively correlated with the increase in motor evoked potential.Conclusion: These results indicate that the envelope-modulated waveform of TI stimulation has a significant promoting effect on human motor functions, experimentally suggesting the effectiveness of TI stimulation in humans for the first time and paving the way for further explorations.

Dopaminergic modulation of long-lasting direct current-induced cortical excitability changes in the human motor cortex

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1651-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Christian Lampe ◽  
Andrea Antal ◽  
David Liebetanz ◽  
Nicolas Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Dopaminergic Modulation ◽  
Human Motor

Effects of lamotrigine on human motor cortex plasticity

2013 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Delvendahl ◽  
Hannes Lindemann ◽  
Tonio Heidegger ◽  
Claus Normann ◽  
Ulf Ziemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Motor Cortex Plasticity

Changes in TMS measures of cortical excitability induced by transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Walter Paulus ◽  
Gregor Thut
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

Brain stimulation with weak electrical currents (transcranial electrical stimulation, tES) is known already for about 60 years as a technique to generate modifications of cortical excitability and activity. Originally established in animal models, it was developed as a noninvasive brain stimulation tool about 20 years ago for application in humans. Stimulation with direct currents (transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) induces acute cortical excitability alterations, as well as neuroplastic after-effects, whereas stimulation with alternating currents (transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS) affects primarily oscillatory brain activity but has also been shown to induce neuroplasticity effects. Beyond their respective regional effects, both stimulation techniques have also an impact on cerebral networks. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been pivotal to helping reveal the physiological effects and mechanisms of action of both stimulation techniques for motor cortex application, but also for stimulation of other areas. This chapter will supply the reader with an overview about the effects of tES on human brain physiology, as revealed by TMS.

scholarly journals Expanding the parameter space of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Agboada ◽  
Mohsen Mosayebi Samani ◽  
Asif Jamil ◽  
Min-Fang Kuo ◽  
Michael A. Nitsche
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Motor Cortex Plasticity

AbstractSize and duration of the neuroplastic effects of tDCS depend on stimulation parameters, including stimulation duration and intensity of current. The impact of stimulation parameters on physiological effects is partially non-linear. To improve the utility of this intervention, it is critical to gather information about the impact of stimulation duration and intensity on neuroplasticity, while expanding the parameter space to improve efficacy. Anodal tDCS of 1–3 mA current intensity was applied for 15–30 minutes to study motor cortex plasticity. Sixteen healthy right-handed non-smoking volunteers participated in 10 sessions (intensity-duration pairs) of stimulation in a randomized cross-over design. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor-evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded as outcome measures of tDCS effects until next evening after tDCS. All active stimulation conditions enhanced motor cortex excitability within the first 2 hours after stimulation. We observed no significant differences between the three stimulation intensities and durations on cortical excitability. A trend for larger cortical excitability enhancements was however observed for higher current intensities (1 vs 3 mA). These results add information about intensified tDCS protocols and suggest that the impact of anodal tDCS on neuroplasticity is relatively robust with respect to gradual alterations of stimulation intensity, and duration.

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