Challenging the working time reduction and wages trade-off: a simulation for the Spanish economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cárdenas ◽  
Paloma Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Wage Structure ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Labour Share ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Time Reduction

Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of working time reduction (WTR) on the Spanish economy. Using microdata from the Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) and the Wage Structure Survey (WSS), we estimate the changes in employment, worked hours, wages and salaries, and the labour share driven by a 5-hour reduction of the ordinary work week in full-time contracts (from 40 hours to 35 hours), without a wage reduction. According to our results, this WTR would mean the liberation of private sector hours that are equivalent to 1.2 million full-time jobs. To calculate job creation, we consider the occupations and technical conditions of production (based on the European Working Conditions Survey). Consequently, had the WTR taken place in 2017, it would have created 560 thousand jobs, thus causing the unemployment rate to fall by 2.6 p.p. Moreover, women are found to be the group most affected by this measure. As for the effect on wages, these would have increased by 3.7%, implying a labour share increase of 2.1 p.p. Finally, we study the macroeconomic effects, through an extended version of the single-equations Bhaduri–Marglin model using quarterly data from 1995Q1 until 2017Q4. Our results show that a WTR of 5 hours leads to an increase of 1.4% in GDP.

scholarly journals Flexibilidad del tiempo de trabajo en España:

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Julián Moral Carcedo ◽  
Fernando García Belenguer-Campos ◽  
Valentín Bote Álvarez-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Part Time

In this paper we study how the part time employment and its determinants have evolved after the great recession started in 2008. As a consequence of the deepness of the recession, the Spanish economy has destroyed more than two million full time jobs. At the same time, the number of part-time jobs has slightly risen, but this evolution has not had a significant impact on the distribution of hours worked, which shows the lack of flexibility of our economy to deal with demand shortfalls by redistributing working time.

scholarly journals Evaluating the working conditions of the dependent self-employed

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-348
Author(s):  
Ioana Alexandra Horodnic ◽  
Colin C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
European Union Member States

Purpose In recent years, there has been a concern that employers are falsely classifying employees as self-employed to evade collective agreements and labour laws (e.g. minimum wages, working time legislation and protection in case of redundancy), and the result is that these dependent self-employed suffer poorer working conditions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an extensive evaluation of the working conditions of those in dependent self-employment compared with the genuine self-employed. Design/methodology/approach To do so, data are reported from a 2015 European Working Conditions Survey of 35,765 workers in 28 European Union member states. Findings Of the 4.3 per cent of the working population found to be in dependent self-employment, the finding is that they have similar working conditions to the genuine self-employed in terms of their physical and social environment and intensity of work. However, they have poorer job prospects and less ability to use their skills and discretion than the genuine self-employed. In terms of the working time quality, meanwhile, the finding is that they have better conditions than the genuine self-employed. Therefore, this analysis uncovers the need for a more nuanced understanding of the relative working conditions of the dependent self-employed. Research limitations/implications If the working conditions of the dependent self-employed are to be tackled, evaluation is now required of whether the current policy approaches, such as developing a hybrid category of employment with legal rights attached, address the specific working conditions that are worse for the dependent self-employed. Originality/value This is one of the few papers which provides an extensive evaluation of the working conditions of those in dependent self-employment in the EU28.

scholarly journals Who is Teleworking and Where from? Exploring the Main Determinants of Telework in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purificación López-Igual ◽  
Paula Rodríguez-Modroño
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Home Based ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Flexible Models

Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) arrangements have emerged in response to technological changes driven by digitalisation, increasing flexibility within the labour market, and globalisation. As telework becomes more widespread, these flexible models of work are rapidly expanding to new categories of employees, changing the factors traditionally found to be important for telework eligibility. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of new profiles of teleworkers, examining main factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of different TICTM arrangements. We apply multinomial logistic regression models to a sample of more than 20,000 workers from the 6th European Working Conditions Survey. Our findings confirm the heterogeneity in the profiles of teleworkers, particularly distinguishing by TICTM arrangement. Occasional teleworkers are usually male managers or professionals, but a relevant percentage of highly mobile teleworkers are technicians and associate professionals, while clerical support workers amount to a large group of home-based teleworkers. The majority of occasional and highly mobile teleworkers are still men, but this can no longer be said of home-based teleworkers. The correlations between telework and permanent contracts, full-time jobs, and living in urban areas are weak, showing that TICTM is spreading into more precarious, temporary, and lower-paid jobs, especially among home-based teleworkers and highly mobile teleworkers.

Decent work: indexing European working conditions and imposing workplace tax

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 527-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andranik Tangian
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Improve Working ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
European Working ◽  
Green Taxes ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Using Data

This article indexes working conditions using data from the Fourth European Working Conditions Survey 2005 for three purposes. (1) Benchmarking countries and social groups. This reveals poor qualification and career opportunities, and modest incomes. Atypical workers have less advantageous working conditions than those in permanent full-time jobs. This shows that Europe is still far from creating ‘better jobs’ as advocated in the Lisbon agenda. (2) Analysing the flexicurity concept as proposed by the European Commission. Our study disproves the assertion that European workers are less interested in remaining with the same employer but need more flexibility combined with ‘upward mobility’ and lifelong learning. Moreover, Europe has a shortage of training possibilities and workers demonstrate latent resistance to learning. The basis for the Commission's promotion of flexicurity would thus seem questionable. (3) Proposal of a workplace tax for bad working conditions. As with ‘green taxes’, the workplace tax would encourage employers to improve working conditions. Indexing individual working conditions with reference to a checklist, as developed in the article, could be a prototype for measuring ‘social pollution’ to determine the amount of workplace tax.

scholarly journals New Model for Measuring Job Quality: Developing an European Intrinsic Job Quality Index (EIJQI)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cascales Mira
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
New Model ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Indicator Systems

AbstractThis article deals with the development of a new model for measuring job quality based on the intrinsic components of work, an European Intrinsic Job Quality Index. The objective is measure job quality on the basis of the characteristics inherent to the labour activity itself, and not from its financial rewards. First, we review the existing literature on current measurement models and justify the need for an index of this nature. Secondly, we explain the fundamental methodological decisions adopted for the construction of the index, and present the descriptive model, the indicators that make up each dimension, and the empirical model. Finally, we present the index scores by European Union countries within the framework of institutional theories. In this work, we have used a quantitative methodology, based on social indicator systems, and it has been carried out mainly with data from the European Working Conditions Survey (2015). The fundamental contribution of this article is the construction of a new model for measuring the quality of work, robust, valid and reliable, which will allow us to monitor the intrinsic job quality of the member countries, and thus provide relevant information that contributes to the framework of public policies.

scholarly journals Evaluating working conditions in the informal economy: Evidence from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C Williams ◽  
Ioana Alexandra Horodnic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey

Although it is widely held that working conditions in the informal economy are worse than in the formal economy, little evidence has been so far provided. The aim of this article is to fill this lacuna by comparing the working conditions of informal employees with formal employees using the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis provides a nuanced and variegated appreciation of which working conditions are worse for informal employees, which are no different, and which are better for informal than formal employees. The article concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications.

scholarly journals EWTD: maintaining the pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 258-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Black
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
Working Time ◽  
European Working Time Directive ◽  
News Item ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
European Working ◽  
Working Time Directive ◽  
First Time ◽  
Radio Programme

The ill-judged introduction of the 48-hour week demanded by the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) was the first news item on every television and radio programme on Saturday 1 August, indicating just how successful the College has been in raising public concern. It was encouraging that the British Medical Association (BMA) speakers were for the first time expressing serious anxiety, largely about the effects on training and about pressure being put on junior doctors to falsify their hours returns. All conversions to the cause are welcome, however late in the day. It is disappointing that the BMA is not yet stressing the dangers to patients, which they are surely hearing about from their members working in the acute specialties.

scholarly journals Maximizing time from the constraining European Working Time Directive (EWTD): The Heidelberg New Working Time Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schimmack ◽  
Ulf Hinz ◽  
Andreas Wagner ◽  
Thomas Schmidt ◽  
Hendrik Strothmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Time ◽  
European Working Time Directive ◽  
Time Model ◽  
European Working ◽  
Working Time Model ◽  
Working Time Directive

Optimizing training opportunities for otolaryngology senior house officers: an audit

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wasson ◽  
N Jacobsen ◽  
D Bowdler ◽  
C Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Working Time ◽  
European Working Time Directive ◽  
Medical Careers ◽  
Surgeon Training ◽  
European Working ◽  
Cent Case ◽  
Audit Cycle ◽  
Working Time Directive ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
Made In

Implementation of the European Working Time Directive and the Modernising Medical Careers initiative will mean junior surgeons must be trained in fewer hours over a shorter period. For this reason, junior surgeon training opportunities must be optimized. We undertook a departmental audit to identify where opportunities to train senior house officers (SHOs) in theatre were being lost, so that appropriate timetable changes could be made in order to optimize exposure to suitable surgical cases. During the first audit cycle, the SHOs followed their existing timetable and theatre attendance was monitored prospectively over a two-week period. Only 30 per cent of theatre sessions were attended and case participation was only 27 per cent. Simple timetable changes were made to maximize SHO theatre attendance, and a second prospective two-week audit was undertaken. The new rota yielded 46 per cent theatre attendance and 48 per cent case participation.

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