Metabolic Profiles: Gas-Phase Methods for Analysis of Metabolites

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
E C Horning ◽  
M G Horning
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Drug Metabolites

Abstract Multicomponent analyses were carried out for three types of urinary constituents: steroids, acids, and drugs and drug metabolites. The methods were based on gas-phase analytical techniques, which include the use of instruments and instrumental systems for gas chromatography, gas chromatography—mass spectrometry, and mass spectrometry—computerization. After isolating an analytical sample, we prepared derivatives in each instance. Gas chromatography was used for separations, mass spectrometry for identification. These procedures for obtaining metabolic profiles may be used in various ways, including studies of abnormal conditions, drug metabolism, and the effects of drugs on metabolic pathways, as well as for human developmental studies.

Cellular fatty acids of Peptococcus variabilis and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-667
Author(s):  
C W Moss ◽  
M A Lambert ◽  
G L Lombard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Branched Chain

Cellular fatty acids of Peptococcus variables and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were identified by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and associated analytical techniques. Iso- and anteiso-branched-chain acids were major components in both species.

scholarly journals Critical Assessment of Analytical Methods for the Harmonized and Cost-Efficient Analysis of Microplastics

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Primpke ◽  
Silke H. Christiansen ◽  
Win Cowger ◽  
Hannah De Frond ◽  
Ashok Deshpande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cost Efficient

Microplastics are of major concerns for society and is currently in the focus of legislators and administrations. A small number of measures to reduce or remove primary sources of microplastics to the environment are currently coming into effect. At the moment, they have not yet tackled important topics such as food safety. However, recent developments such as the 2018 bill in California are requesting the analysis of microplastics in drinking water by standardized operational protocols. Administrations and analytical labs are facing an emerging field of methods for sampling, extraction, and analysis of microplastics, which complicate the establishment of standardized operational protocols. In this review, the state of the currently applied identification and quantification tools for microplastics are evaluated providing a harmonized guideline for future standardized operational protocols to cover these types of bills. The main focus is on the naked eye detection, general optical microscopy, the application of dye staining, flow cytometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-Ir) and microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and microscopy, thermal degradation by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) as well as thermo-extraction and desorption gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS). Additional techniques are highlighted as well as the combined application of the analytical techniques suggested. An outlook is given on the emerging aspect of nanoplastic analysis. In all cases, the methods were screened for limitations, field work abilities and, if possible, estimated costs and summarized into a recommendation for a workflow covering the demands of society, legislation, and administration in cost efficient but still detailed manner.

Pyrrolidonyl and Pyridyl Alkaloids in Lymantria dispar

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 860-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Deml
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Secondary Compound ◽  
Osmeterial Secretion ◽  
Gipsy Moth

Abstract The occurrence and metabolism of nicotine and related N-containing compounds in body fluids of the gipsy moth were addressed. Thin layer chromatographic studies clearly showed the simultaneous presence of GABA and 2-pyrrolidone but not of GABamide in the larval haemolymph and osmeterial secretion of Lymantria dispar as well as in the corresponding body fluids of the saturniids, Saturnia pavonia and Attacus atlas. Furthermore, feeding and injection experiments using alkylated precursors and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry gave evidence of the transformation of 2-pyrrolidone to nicotine and of nicotinic acid to nicotinamide in caterpillars of L. dispar. Based on these results, on the earlier described variation of the secondary-compound patterns of L. dispar during its development, and on literature data, metabolic pathways for the hitherto detected pyridyl and pyrrolidonyl alkaloids in Lymantriidae (and possibly Saturniidae) are proposed.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Four Aldehydes in Gas Phase of Mainstream Smoke by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Zhang ◽  
Ruoning Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jianke Wei ◽  
Yibin Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

A method for simultaneous determination of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde in gas phase of cigarette mainstream smoke by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Gas phase components of mainstream cigarette smoke were extracted with methanol, and then the samples were separated on a DB 624 (60 m, 0.32 mm x 1.8 mm) column, analyzed with headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and quantified by isotope internal standard. The linearities of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde were good (R2>0.992). The recoveries of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde were between 78.5% and 115%. The relative standard deviations were less than 10%. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation were 0.014 μg/cigarette ~0.12 μg/cigarette and 0.045 μg/cigarette ~0.38 μg/cigarette, respectively. The method had advantage of high sensitivity, it did not require derivatization of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and avoided a large number of adverse reactions during the process of derivation to improve the accuracy of result, and it was suitable for quantitative analysis of four aldehydes in gas phase of cigarette mainstream smoke.

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