Interlaboratory Comparison of Lead and Cadmium in Blood, Urine, and Aqueous Solutions

Abstract Analysis for lead and cadmium in biological liquids (blood and urine) is difficult. Results of such analyses from five laboratories are compared for samples with known additions of lead and cadmium. The data, evaluated in terms of inter- and intralaboratory reproducibility and accuracy, suggest that laboratories should voluntarily participate in quality control programs. Users of routine laboratories are advised to use their own quality control program.

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Interlaboratory comparison of lead and cadmium in blood, urine, and aqueous solutions.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/24.10.1997 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1997-1800

Author(s):

P E Paulev ◽

P Solgaard ◽

J C Tjell

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Interlaboratory Comparison ◽

Control Program ◽

Quality Control Program ◽

Control Programs ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Biological Liquids

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Estimation, prevention, and quality control of carbon dioxide loss during aerobic sample processing.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/27.10.1676 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 1676-1681 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Z L Bandi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Quality Control ◽

Control Program ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Quality Control Program ◽

Control Programs ◽

Tert Butylamine ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Blood Collection Tubes

Abstract We find that 2 to 6 mmol of carbon dioxide per liter (mean: 4.1 mmol/L) is lost during routine laboratory processing of patients' serum samples after centrifugation. Additional CO2 may be lost if evacuated blood-collection tubes are not filled completely during phlebotomy. More than 2 mmol of CO2 per liter is lost from samples stored in tightly stoppered tubes for 120 min if the tubes are less than half full. In extreme cases, 8 mmol of CO2 per liter may be lost from samples exposed to room air in open cups of automated micro-sample instruments. Clinically significant CO2 loss (greater than 2 mmol/L) before analysis is not detected by many laboratories because the generally accepted quality-control programs monitor only the very last step of the analytical process. A valid CO2 quality-control program should include samples with high as well as the generally used low pCO2 values. Alkalinization of serum and plasma samples with tert-butylamine prevents CO2 loss. Optimum tert-butylamine concentration, pH, and pCO2 were about 14 to 16 mmol/L, 9.0 to 9.3, and 0.4 to 1.5 mmHg (about 50 to 200 Pa).

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Cooperative Survey of "SMA" Analyzers in Wisconsin—A Method of Improving Interlaboratory Performance

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/19.1.62 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 62-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronald H Laessig ◽

Thomas H Schwartz ◽

Toni A Paskey

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Reference Material ◽

Reference Materials ◽

Interlaboratory Comparison ◽

Essential Element ◽

Control Program ◽

Total Quality ◽

Quality Control Program ◽

Large Group ◽

Cooperative Survey

Abstract A state-wide cooperative quality-control program for automated multichannel analytical systems is described. The survey benefits participating laboratories by providing, through regular comparison, a means of improving interlaboratory precision. A common lot of reference material used for a large group of similar multichannel analyzers is shown to significantly improve their precision. The study delineates components of interlaboratory variation resulting from the inconsistency of the reference materials and from the inherent precision of the analyzers. Errors in the assay values of commercial controls and reference sera, as well as problems of homogeneity in these products, are documented. These errors make some form of regular interlaboratory comparison an essential element of a total quality-control program

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Establishment of seed quality control programs

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90161998000500006 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 55 (spe) ◽

pp. 34-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. M. Cicero

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Internal Control ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Control Program ◽

Physical Structure ◽

External Control ◽

High Quality ◽

Quality Control Program ◽

Control Programs ◽

Administrative Procedures

An efficient quality control program should lead to the production of high quality seeds. Consequently, a series of technical and administrative procedures must be adopted in a way that does not compromise this objective. Considering that, in applied terms, external control becomes less important as internal control programs advance technologically, this work emphasizes the principle factors that should be considered in the implantation of a seed quality control program, such as: work groups, physical structure and procedures to initiate the program.

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