Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the plasma of preterm and term infants: serial measurements and clinical correlations.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1783-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Crofton ◽  
R Hume
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Clinical Correlations ◽  
Serial Measurements ◽  
Milk Feeding

Abstract Serial measurements of the bone and fetal intestinal isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in the plasma of 43 term and 43 preterm infants, from birth to six weeks later, indicate that the bone isoenzyme gradually increases over this period in both preterm and term infants fed with unsupplemented commercial formulas. Preterm babies given formula supplemented with calcium (with or without additional phosphate) had significantly lower bone isoenzyme activities for most of the study period. The concentrations of fetal intestinal isoenzyme increased, under the stimulation of milk feeding, from generally undetectable at birth to a peak during the first two weeks postpartum, and then declined. This increase was highly significantly negatively correlated with gestational age, the preterm infants having a much higher and more prolonged increase in this isoenzyme than did term infants. Unlike the adult isoenzyme, fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatase in plasma showed no relationship with blood group status.

Properties of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma of preterm and term neonates.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1778-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Crofton
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Sialic Acid Content ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Single Form ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes

Abstract The isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in plasma of 37 preterm and 21 term neonates two weeks postpartum have been studied with regard to electrophoretic mobility, sialic acid content, inhibition properties, heat lability, molecular mass, and binding to lectins. Term infants generally had a single form of alkaline phosphatase present in significant amounts, identified by the above criteria as originating in bone. All the preterm neonates had two alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma, namely, bone- and fetal-type intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Liver-, placental-, and adult-type intestinal alkaline phosphatase were not detected in any of the plasma samples.

scholarly journals Reaction Rate Retardation as a Method for Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme Measurement

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela B Brown ◽  
K O Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Rate Retardation ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme

A method for serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes using an enzyme reaction rate analyser is described. The complete urea-induced degradation of enzyme activity is monitored, from which individual isoenzyme activities are obtained by calculating the constituent exponential components of the degradation curve. Activities have been measured with adequate sensitivity and selectivity for up to four isoenzyme components in normal and in pathological sera. The identity of each isoenzyme present is assigned from its characteristic degradation half-life, and by this method bone and liver alkaline phosphatase are clearly distinguished and quantitated, and a composite value for placental-intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity is obtained. The approach promises to be applicable to a wide range of isoenzymes, and in analogy with ‘reaction rate’ the term ‘reaction rate retardation’ is suggested for the procedure.

scholarly journals Distribution and Properties of Rat Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes.

2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi WADA ◽  
Ikuo YAGAMI ◽  
Noboru NIWA ◽  
Takashi HAYAKAWA ◽  
Haruhito TSUGE
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes

scholarly journals Early neonatal morbidities in late preterm compared to term neonates born in a tertiary care private hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Yogesh P. Mehta ◽  
Manjusha Bhicurao Naik ◽  
Kinnera Putrevu
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Late Preterm Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Term Newborns

Background: Late preterm babies, born between 34 completed weeks of gestation through 36 weeks 6/7 gestation, tend to be physiologically less mature than term infants, subjecting them to an increased risk of developing various morbidities. Limited information is available regarding the current scenario in India. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand and compare the early morbidities in late preterm newborns with those in full term babies in a tertiary hospital in India.Methods: The current prospective, observational study consisted of total 150 babies divided into two groups equally; late preterm neonates born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation and full-term neonates. Weight (at birth, at 72 hours), heart rate, temperature and respiratory parameters were noted of all babies. The newborns were examined for respiratory morbidities, ability to breastfeed, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, neonatal jaundice and signs of sepsis. The need for resuscitation, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and parenteral nutrition was also assessed. Data was expressed as mean±SD and was analyzed using the Student ‘t’ and Mann Whitney U tests.Results: The mean length and weight at birth in late preterm babies was significantly lesser than term newborns. Late preterm babies were found to have significantly higher incidence of complications like hyperbilirubinemia (62.7% vs 13.3%), respiratory morbidities (16% vs 4%), poor feeding, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and sepsis compared to term newborns (p<0.01).Conclusions: Late preterm infants are at a higher risk than term infants for a number of neonatal complications. Initiatives imparting special care to late preterm infants are required in order to lower the morbidities endured by this population.

scholarly journals Thyroid Function in Preterm/Low Birth Weight Infants: Impact on Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. LaFranchi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Serum T4 ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Hpt Axis

Maternal thyroid hormone crosses the placenta to the fetus beginning in the first trimester, likely playing an important role in fetal development. The fetal thyroid gland begins to produce thyroid hormone in the second trimester, with fetal serum T4 levels gradually rising to term. Full maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis does not occur until term gestation or the early neonatal period. Postnatal thyroid function in preterm babies is qualitatively similar to term infants, but the TSH surge is reduced, with a corresponding decrease in the rise in T4 and T3 levels. Serum T4 levels are reduced in proportion to the degree of prematurity, representing both loss of the maternal contribution and immaturity of the HPT axis. Other factors, such as neonatal drugs, e.g., dopamine, and non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) related to co-morbidities contribute to the “hypothyroxinemia of prematurity”. Iodine, both deficiency and excess, may impact thyroid function in infants born preterm. Overall, the incidence of permanent congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants appears to be similar to term infants. However, in newborn screening (NBS) that employ a total T4-reflex TSH test approach, a higher proportion of preterm babies will have a T4 below the cutoff, associated with a non-elevated TSH level. In NBS programs with a primary TSH test combined with serial testing, there is a relatively high incidence of “delayed TSH elevation” in preterm neonates. On follow-up, the majority of these cases have transient hypothyroidism. Preterm/LBW infants have many clinical manifestations that might be ascribed to hypothyroidism. The question then arises whether the hypothyroxinemia of prematurity, with thyroid function tests compatible with either non-thyroidal illness syndrome or central hypothyroidism, is a physiologic or pathologic process. In particular, does hypothyroxinemia contribute to the neurodevelopmental impairment common to preterm infants? Results from multiple studies are mixed, with some randomized controlled trials in the most preterm infants born &lt;28 weeks gestation appearing to show benefit. This review will summarize fetal and neonatal thyroid physiology, thyroid disorders specific to preterm/LBW infants and their impact on NBS for congenital hypothyroidism, examine treatment studies, and finish with comments on unresolved questions and areas of controversy.

scholarly journals Plasma Lactoferrin Levels in Newborn Preterm Infants: Effect of Infection

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Scott
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Sequential Measurements

Plasma lactoferrin was measured within 24h of birth in 23 preterm infants of between 24 and 36 weeks gestation. Lactoferrin concentrations fell with decreasing gestational age whilst the incidence of subsequent infection rose. Sequential measurements on a subgroup of 10 preterm infants showed that even when initial lactoferrin concentrations were within the range for term infants, they fell during the first week. Lactoferrin concentrations in preterm babies may rise transiently, such increases often being associated with clinical signs of infection. A rise in plasma lactoferrin of 200μg/L or more over a period of less than 48 h is suggestive of infection. These findings are discussed in terms of both the possible role oflactoferrin, and the clinical usefulness of the measurement.

scholarly journals Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is a diagnostic biomarker for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Rebecca Buckley ◽  
Maya Heath ◽  
Zeromeh Gerber ◽  
Porcha Davis ◽  
Laura Linneman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase

scholarly journals Serial measurements of serum alkaline phosphatase for early prediction of osteopaenia in preterm infants

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Li Hung ◽  
Pau-Chung Chen ◽  
Suh-Fang Jeng ◽  
Chia-Jung Hsieh ◽  
Steven Shinn-Forng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Early Prediction ◽  
Serial Measurements

scholarly journals Enteral nutrition for preterm infants: by bolus or continuous? An update

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bozzetti ◽  
Paolo E. Tagliabue
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Intermittent Bolus ◽  
Vascular Catheterization ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration ◽  
Milk Feeding

Optimization of nutritional management of preterm infants is crucial for achievement of their long-term health. Enteral nutrition is preferred to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) because the former avoids complications related to vascular catheterization, sepsis, adverse effects of TPN, and fasting. Due to the lack of ability of preterm infants to coordinate suckling, swallowing, and breathing, tube feeding is necessary for most infants less than 1500 g to ensure sufficient feeding tolerance, to support optimal growth and to reduce the risk of aspiration. Therefore, feeding by orogastric or nasogastric tube using either continuous or intermittent bolus delivery of formula or human milk is common practice for these infants. Theoretical risks and benefits of both continuous nasogastric milk feeding and intermittent bolus milk feeding have been proposed. According to the literature, continuous nutrition could be preferred in smaller infants (as those with a birthweight below 1250 g) or hemodynamically impaired infants; in stable growing infants nutrition can be administered intermittently as in healthy term infants.

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