Does disruptive camouflage conceal edges and features?

Camouflage is ubiquitous in the natural world and benefits both predators and prey. Amongst the range of concealment strategies, disruptive coloration is thought to visually fragment an animal’s’ outline, thereby reducing its rate of discovery. Here, I propose two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for how disruptive camouflage functions, and describe the visual mechanisms that might underlie them. (1) The local edge disruption hypothesis states that camouflage is achieved by breaking up edge information. (2) The global feature disruption hypothesis states camouflage is achieved by breaking up the characteristic features of an animal (e.g., overall shape or facial features). Research clearly shows that putatively disruptive edge markings do increase concealment; however, few tests have been undertaken to determine whether this survival advantage is attributable to the distortion of features, so the global feature disruption hypothesis is under studied. In this review the evidence for global feature disruption is evaluated. Further, I address if object recognition processing provides a feasible mechanism for animals’ features to influence concealment. This review concludes that additional studies are needed to test if disruptive camouflage operates through the global feature disruption and proposes future research directions.