scholarly journals Electroacupuncture at the Zusanli (ST-36) Acupoint Induces a Hypoglycemic Effect by Stimulating the Cholinergic Nerve in a Rat Model of Streptozotocine-Induced Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Lee ◽  
Te-Mao Li ◽  
Chung-Yuh Tzeng ◽  
Ying-I Chen ◽  
Wai-Jane Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Animal studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST-36) and Zhongwan (CV-12) acupoints reduces plasma glucose concentrations in rats with type II diabetes. However, whether EA reduces plasma glucose levels in type I diabetes is still unknown. In this study, we explore the various non-insulin-dependent pathways involved in EA-induced lowering of plasma glucose. Streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg kg−1, i.v.) was administered via the femoral vein to induce insulin-dependent diabetes in non-adrenalectomized and in adrenalectomomized rats. EA (15 Hz) was applied for 30 min to bilateral ST-36 acupoints after administration of Atropine (0.1 mg kg−1i.p.), Eserine (0.01 mg kg−1i.p.), or Hemicholinium-3 (5 μg kg−1i.p.) in non-adrenalectomized rats. Rats administered acetylcholine (0.01 mg kg−1i.v.) did not undergo EA. Adrenalectomized rats underwent EA at bilateral ST-36 acupoints without further treatment. Blood samples were drawn from all rats before and after EA to measure changes in plasma glucose levels. Expression of insulin signaling proteins (IRS1, AKT2) in atropine-exposed rats before and after EA was measured by western blot. Atropine and hemicholinium-3 completely blocked the plasma glucose lowering effects of EA, whereas eserine led to a significant hypoglycemic response. In addition, plasma glucose levels after administration of acetylcholine were significantly lower than the fasting glucose levels. In STZ-adrenalectomized rats, EA did not induce a hypoglycemic response. EA stimulated the expression of IRS1 and AKT2 and atropine treatment blocked the EA-induced expression of those insulin signaling proteins. Taken together, EA at the ST-36 acupoint reduces plasma glucose concentrations by stimulating the cholinergic nerves.

Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Leslie Plotnick
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic, serious disease in children and adolescents. Its diagnosis is straightforward and rarely subtle. The major challenges of this disease for the child, family, and health-care team involve long-term management of medical and metabolic factors as well as psychological and behavioral concerns. While developments in the past 10 to 15 years have made metabolic control technically possible, psychological stresses and behavioral problems often interfere with metabolic goals. There are few, if any, other diseases that require such intensive and extensive self-care skills. Definitions Diabetes generally is classified in two types. Type I, or IDDM, is seen mostly in younger people (children and adolescents). It previously was called juvenile onset or ketosisprone. Insulin deficiency characterizes IDDM, and patients need exogenous insulin for survival. Type II, or non-IDDM (NIDDM), previously called adult or maturity onset, is the type seen most commonly in older people and in obesity and is not discussed in this review. To make a diagnosis of diabetes, a child must have either classic symptoms with a random plasma glucose above 200 mg/dL or specific plasma glucose levels before and after a standard glucose load if asymptomatic. The diagnosis of IDDM usually is clear-cut.

New approach for in vivo detection of insulitis in type I diabetes: activated lymphocyte targeting with 123I-labelled interleukin 2

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Signore ◽  
Marco Chianelli ◽  
Elisabetta Ferretti ◽  
Anna Toscano ◽  
Keith E Britton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
New Approach ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Signore A, Chianelli M, Ferretti E, Toscano A, Britton KE, Andreani D, Gale EAM, Pozzilli P. New approach for in vivo detection of insulitis in type I diabetes: activated lymphocyte targeting with 123I-labelled interleukin 2. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:431–7. ISSN 0804–4643 Insulitis is considered the histopathological hallmark of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, diabetes has never been observed in the absence of insulitis. The in vivo detection of insulitis could be of relevance for early prediction of diabetes. As approximately 15% of islet-infiltrating lymphocytes express interleukin 2 receptors, we have labelled recombinant interleukin 2 with 123I and used this radiopharmaceutical to detect insulitis by gamma camera imaging. We studied 71 prediabetic NOD and 27 normal Balb/c mice. Labelled α-lactalbumin was used as the control protein. In the first set of experiments we studied the tissue distribution of radiolabelled interleukin 2 in isolated organs from animals sacrificed at different time points. Higher radioactivity was detected in the pancreas of NOD mice injected with labelled interleukin 2, as compared to NOD mice receiving labelled α-lactalbumin (p < 0.003 at 20 min; p< 0.001 at 40 min; p< 0.0001 at 60 min) or Balb/c mice injected with labelled interleukin 2 (p< 0.05 at 40 min; p< 0.001 at 60 min). In another set of experiments, gamma camera images have been acquired after injection of 123I-labelled interleukin 2. Radioactivity in the pancreatic region of prediabetic NOD and Balb/c mice showed similar kinetics to those observed by single organ counting, with higher accumulation in the pancreatic region of NOD mice (p < 0.04 after 22–45 min in NOD mice vs Balb/c mice). Finally, a positive correlation was found between the radioactivity in the pancreas and the extent of lymphocytic infiltration (p < 0.01 for pancreas radioactivity counted in vitro and p< 0.004 for pancreas radioactivity counted in vivo by gamma camera). This study demonstrates that 123I-labelled interleukin 2 administered iv accumulates specifically in the inflamed pancreas of diabetes-prone NOD mice, suggesting its potential application in human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A Signore, Servizio Speciale di Medicina Nucleare, II Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy

Reduced number of angiotensin II receptors on platelets in insulin-dependent diabetes

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. C. Connell ◽  
Yu-An Ding ◽  
B. M. Fisher ◽  
B. M. Frier ◽  
P. F. Semple
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptors ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Insulin Dependent

1. Angiotensin II receptors on platelets were studied in 13 patients with uncomplicated type I diabetes mellitus and in 15 age-matched normal subjects. 2. Receptor density on cells from the diabetic patients was 15% lower than the normal subjects (5.2 ± 0.8 sd sites/platelet in diabetic patients and 6.4 ± 0.8 in normals, P < 0.001), but there were no differences in receptor affinity as measured by Kd (4.9 ± 1.5 × 10−10 mol/l in diabetic patients and 5.4 ± 1.4 × 10−10 mol/l in normals). 3. Plasma concentrations of renin and angiotensin II were similar in both groups. 4. The reduced density of angiotensin II receptors on platelets from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes may reflect a generalized abnormality of angiotensin II receptor regulation.

scholarly journals Hepatobiliary function in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Ye. B. Kravets ◽  
Ye. A. Biryulina ◽  
Z. G. Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hepatobiliary System ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Bile Excretion

The hepatobiliary system plays the crucial role in the development of metabolic disorders in diabetics. Involvement of the hepatobiliary system may develop at the early stages of diabetes mellitus. The present study was aimed at elucidation of the specific features of bile excretion and production in children with type I diabetes making use of present-day diagnostic methods. Fifty-two patients with type 1 diabetes aged 6 to 15 and 20 healthy controls were examined. Besides common clinical studies, fractionated duodenal probing followed by biochemical analysis of the bile, ultrasonic examination of the hepatobiliary system, and dynamic hepatobiliscintigraphy were carried out. Typical changes in liver parenchyma developing after fatty hepatosis type were found to play the main role in the structure of hepatobiliary involvement occurring in insulin-dependent diabetes. Disorders of bile excretion are caused by dyskinetic disorders of extrahepatic bile duct and choleresis changes. Bile excretion arrhythmia manifests most frequently as hypertensive dyskinesia. In patients with a longstanding disease bile excretion changes are mainly due to increased tone of the sphincter of Oddi and decelerated contractility of the gallbladder. Biochemical composition of the bile was characterized by decreased concentration of bile acids, phospholipids, and bilirubin, by a lower cholate-cholesterol coefficient, and increased levels of cholesterol and total lipids.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of membranoreceptor function disturbances in pregnant patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N P Mikaelyan ◽  
Yu. A. Knyazev ◽  
A. G. Maxina ◽  
V. A. Petrukhin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Studies of membranoreceptor system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus revealed that insulin resistance in pregnant patients with type I diabetes is caused by disordered cellular sensitivity to threshold physiological and submaximal insulin doses, whereas the maximal doses of the hormone normalize glucose consumption by the cells. High insulin doses intensify lipid peroxidation, normalize the status of membranous proteins, reduce the number of thiol groups, reduce AOA level in membranes, and, hence, reduce membranous capacity to bind active peroxide radicals. Structural and functional changes in red cell membranes are associated with reduced affinity of insulin receptors, reduction in the number of insulin-binding sites in membranes, this disordering intracellular effects of insulin.

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CAPACITY IMPAIRMENT IN CHILDREN WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS AS SHOWN BY TIME INTERVAL ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
YURI V. BYKOV ◽  
◽  
VLADIMIR A. BATURIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Aim. The aim of the study was to diagnose and study the severity of impaired adaptive capacity in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus using the method of assessment of time intervals. Material and methods. The study included 54 adolescents, aged 14 to 18 years. 27 adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus, who were urgently hospitalized in the intensive care unit in a serious condition, constituted the study group, the other 27 adolescents who were hospitalized for planned surgical intervention constituted the control group (conditionally healthy children). The diagnosis of type I diabetes mellitus was confirmed by clinical and laboratory data (hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, impaired level of consciousness (deafening-sore). Study protocol: psychophysiological testing in adolescents was performed using the original «Rhythm» program, which presented patients with a reference sequence of sound signals and pauses between them, after which the patients played back the sound sequence using a personal computer. Adolescents in the study group were tested after diabetic ketoacidosis had subsided, glycemia had stabilized, and the level of consciousness had normalized (3–5 days after admission). The control group was tested upon admission to thehospital for planned treatment. Significance of the total index of deviations from the specified reference was determined using Student’s t-criterion. Results and discussion. Significant adaptation disorders were detected both in the study group and in the control group. However, in children with diabetes mellitus these disorders were more pronounced due to a greater shortening of the total duration of the cycle, as well as a greater aggregate index of deviations from the duration of set signals and pauses as compared to the «reference standard». Conclusion. The findings support the hypothesis that impaired adaptation mechanisms as a manifestation of desynchronization of biological rhythms may lie in the mechanism of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus development.

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