Boll Weevil 1 Development in Mass Rearing: Effects of Temperature 23

1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
J. G. Griffin ◽  
J. Roberson ◽  
O. L. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Rearing Effects

Host size-dependent sex allocation behaviour in a parasitoid: implications forCatolaccus grandis(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) mass rearing programmes

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Host Size ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Control Programmes

AbstractAn often encountered problem associated with augmentative and inundative biological control programmes is the high cost of producing sufficient numbers of natural enemies necessary to suppress pest populations within the time constraints imposed by ephemeral agroecosystems. In many arrhenotokous parasitoids, overproduction of males in mass-rearing cultures inflates costs (per female) and thus limits the economic feasibility of these biological control programmes. Within the context of existing production technologies, experiments were conducted to determine if the sex ratio ofCatolaccus grandis(Burks), an ectoparasitoid of the boll weevilAnthonomous grandisBoheman, varied as a function of boll weevil larval size. Results from natural and manipulative experiments demonstrate the following behavioural characteristics associated with C.grandissex allocation behaviour: (i) femaleC. grandisoffspring are produced on large size hosts and male offspring are produced on small hosts; (ii) whether a host is considered large or small depends upon the overall distribution of host sizes encountered by a female parasitoid; and (iii) female parasitoids exhibit a greater rate of increase in body size with host size than do male parasitoids. The observed patterns cannot be explained by sex-specific mortality of immature parasitoids developing on the different host size categories. In subsequent experiments, laboratory cultures ofC. grandisexposed daily to successively larger sizes ofA. grandislarvae produced successively greater female biased offspring sex ratios, cultures exposed daily to successively smaller sizes of host larvae produced successively greater male biased offspring sex ratios, and cultures exposed daily to equivalent host size distributions over time maintained a uniform offspring sex ratio. By increasing the average size ofA. grandislarval hosts exposed toC. grandisby 2.5 mg per day in mass rearing cultures, the percentage of male progeny can be reduced from 33% to 23% over a period of four consecutive exposure days.

A Study of the Air Space Volatiles Present in a Boll Weevil Mass Rearing Facility12

1975 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Hedin ◽  
O. H. Lindig ◽  
R. C. Gueldner ◽  
A. C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Air Space

scholarly journals Effects of temperature and superparasitism on quality and characteristics of thelytokous Wolbachia-infected Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) during mass rearing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Cheng Zhou ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Li ◽  
Quan-Quan Liu ◽  
Su-Fang Ning ◽  
Wu-Nan Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Trichogramma Dendrolimi ◽  
Host Behaviour

AbstractThelytokous Wolbachia-infected Trichogramma spp. are widely used egg parasitoids against lepidopteran pests in biological control programs. Wolbachia may manipulate host wasps for superparasitism and is sensitive to temperature. To explore effects of temperature and superparasitism, we compared fitness parameters and Wolbachia-mediated phenotype of thelytokous Wolbachia-infected Trichogramma dendrolimi between those emerging from superparasitised or single-parasitised hosts at 17, 21, 25, or 29 °C. Infected mothers of T. dendrolimi showed reduced superparasitism and parasitism increased with temperature. Wolbachia titre decreased with temperature when females emerged from singly-parasitised hosts, but there was no correlation in superparasitised hosts. Females showed higher Wolbachia titres at 21, 25, or 29 °C when developing from superparasitised hosts. The daily male ratio of offspring increased with temperature, and the day-age threshold for 5%, 50%, or 95% daily male ratio decreased with temperature in both parasitism forms. Females that emerged from superparasitised hosts had a shorter life span and reduced fecundity. These results indicate that Wolbachia may affect host behaviour by increasing superparasitism to enhance its spread, but this has negative effects on thelytokous Wolbachia-infected T. dendrolimi.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature and host stage on the parasitization rate and offspring sex ratio ofAenasius bambawaleiHayat inPhenacoccus solenopsisTinsley

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Yaobin Lu ◽  
Tianfeng Xia
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Parasitization Rate ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Host Stage ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Exposure

Temperature and host stage are important factors that determine the successful development of parasitoids.Aenasius bambawaleiHayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a primary parasitoid of the newly invasive mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsisTinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). The effects of temperature on the parasitic characteristics ofA. bambawaleihave seldom been investigated. In the study, we explored the effects of temperature, exposure time, and host stage on the parasitization rate and offspring sex ratio (female to male) ofA. bambawaleiunder laboratory conditions. The laboratory results showed that the successful parasitization rate ofA. bambawaleiincreased with higher temperatures and older host stages. When the parasitoids were exposed to 36 °C for 24 h, the parasitization rate of female adults (52%) was nearly two times that of 3rd instar nymphs. Additionally, heat stress duration and host stage resulted in an increase in the offspring sex ratio ofA. bambawalei. WhenA. bambawaleiwas exposed to 36 °C for 24 h, the offspring sex ratio increased dramatically to 81.78% compared with those exposed for 12 h, and it increased to 45.34% compared with those exposed for 16 h. The offspring sex ratio was clearly higher when the host stage was an adult female mealybug Our findings provide important guidance for the mass rearing and field releases ofA. bambawaleifor the management ofP. solenopsisin the future.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on the Development ofPodisus nigrispinus(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): Implications for Mass Rearing

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítala Tainy Barreto Francisco dos Santos ◽  
Heloísa Safira Santos Pinheiro ◽  
Vancleber Batista dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Kauan Nascimento de Santana ◽  
Júlio César Melo Poderoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

scholarly journals The combined effects of temperature and relative humidity parameters on the reproduction of Stomoxys species in a laboratory setting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242794
Author(s):  
Arman Issimov ◽  
David B. Taylor ◽  
Kuandyk Zhugunissov ◽  
Lespek Kutumbetov ◽  
Assylbek Zhanabayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

In this study, Stomoxys species (S. calcitrans, S. sitiens and S. indica) were examined to improve on the current technique for mass rearing using a method of combined incubation parameters. Moreover, the reproductive potential of immature forms at various stages of development was defined. Immature forms of stable flies were incubated according to species. There was no significant difference in the number of immature forms obtained among species incubated under the same conditions. Six incubation parameters were used in combination, at temperatures (T) of 32°C, 27°C and 22°C and relative humidity (RH) of 90% and 70% RH. The combined method resulted in a higher number of eggs hatching at 32°C and 90% humidity as well as an increase in the number of larva pupated and emergence of imago at 27°C and 70% humidity.

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