Determination of Gibberellic Acid (GA3)-Induced Oxidative Stress in a Model Organism Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Altunta 
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate the Antioxidant Effects of Phytochemicals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3194
Author(s):  
Begoña Ayuda-Durán ◽  
Susana González-Manzano ◽  
Ana M. González-Paramás ◽  
Celestino Santos-Buelga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Fluorescent Reporters ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
High Degree

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was introduced as a model organism in biological research by Sydney Brenner in the 1970s. Since then, it has been increasingly used for investigating processes such as ageing, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, or inflammation, for which there is a high degree of homology between C. elegans and human pathways, so that the worm offers promising possibilities to study mechanisms of action and effects of phytochemicals of foods and plants. In this paper, the genes and pathways regulating oxidative stress in C. elegans are discussed, as well as the methodological approaches used for their evaluation in the worm. In particular, the following aspects are reviewed: the use of stress assays, determination of chemical and biochemical markers (e.g., ROS, carbonylated proteins, lipid peroxides or altered DNA), influence on gene expression and the employment of mutant worm strains, either carrying loss-of-function mutations or fluorescent reporters, such as the GFP.

scholarly journals Fungal immunity and pathogenesis in mammals versus the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F Q Smith ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Fungal Pathogenesis ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Invertebrate Model ◽  
Fungal Interactions ◽  
Fungal Immunity ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The benefits of the G. mellonella model include being faster, cheaper, higher-throughput, and easier compared to vertebrate models. Additionally, as invertebrates, their use is subject to fewer ethical and regulatory issues. However, for G. mellonella models to provide meaningful insight into fungal pathogenesis, the G. mellonella-fungal interactions must be comparable to mammalian-fungal interactions. Indeed, as discussed in the review, studies suggest that G. mellonella and mammalian immune systems share many similarities, and fungal virulence factors show conserved functions in both hosts. While the moth model has opened novel research areas, many comparisons are superficial and leave large gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed concerning specific mechanisms underlying G. mellonella-fungal interactions. Closing these gaps in understanding will strengthen G. mellonella as a model for fungal virulence in the upcoming years. In this review we provide comprehensive comparisons between fungal pathogenesis in mammals and G. mellonellqa from immunological and virulence perspectives. When information on an antifungal immune component is unknown in G. mellonella, we include findings from other well-studied Lepidoptera. We hope that by outlining this information available in related species we highlight areas of needed research and provide a framework for understanding G. mellonella immunity and fungal interactions.

scholarly journals Effects of Cu, Zn and Their Mixtures on Bioaccumulation and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Galleria Mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagmur Mese ◽  
Benay Tuncsoy ◽  
Pınar Ozalp
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Bioindicator Species ◽  
Detoxification Systems ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Abstract The effects of Cu, Zn and their mixture on bioaccumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities of midgut and fat body of Galleria mellonella larvae were investigated. The application of metals as a mixture showed a synergistic effect and the accumulation levels were increased in both tissues. Zn accumulation increased in midgut and fat body of G. mellonella larvae exposed to metal singly. On the other hand, Cu accumulation increased in midgut, while a decrease was observed in fat body exposed to Cu singly. Moreover, it was determined that oxidative stress was occured in midgut and fat body of G. mellonella larvae with significant decreases and increases in antioxidant and detoxification enzyme activities when fed singly and in mixture with different concentrations of Cu and Zn. Understanding the reactions of G. mellonella, which is a model organism showing immune system responses similar to vertebrates and bioindicator species, to metals by detoxification systems, which is an important parameter in insect physiology, is thought to contribute to future toxicological, genotoxic, physiological and ecotoxicological studies. G. mellonella larvae, which were used as a model organism, shows a similar reaction to mammals.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PYRETHRUM EXTRACT ON Galleria mellonella HEMOLYMPH PHENOLOXIDASE ENZYME

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
Serhat KAYA
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Larval Hemolymph ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Microplate Reader

Pyrethrum is a natural neurotoxic insecticide which is obtained from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium plant. Pyrethrum extract causes DNA damage, genotoxic effect, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inhibition of biochemical processes. The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is gaining increasing attention in immunity studies as an invertebrate model organism. Melanization, which is the most important response of invertebrate humoral immunity, occurs when inactive prophenoloxidase turns into phenoloxidase enzyme. Changes in phenoloxidase enzyme activity are an important marker for humoral immunity. In our study, the phenoloxidase enzyme activity of hemolymph collected from G. mellonella larvae treated with different doses of pyrethrum extract was determined by reading against a certain absorbance in an ELISA microplate reader. The findings obtained from this study showed that 0.6 mg/ml pyrethrum extract increased phenoloxidase enzyme activity. Doses above and below this dose did not cause a significant change in phenoloxidase activity compared to control groups. In the evaluation made in terms of the change of enzyme activity over time, while the enzyme activity increased rapidly in the first 15 minutes, the enzyme activity rate decreased after the 20th minute. The effect of pyrethrum extract on phenoloxidase enzyme activity in G. mellonella larval hemolymph at a certain dose is consistent with the literature. The reason for this effect of the extract is closely related to its genotoxic and cytotoxic effects.

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