scholarly journals Housing Expenditure and Income Inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dustmann ◽  
Bernd Fitzenberger ◽  
Markus Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Housing Expenditure ◽  
Low Income Households

Abstract The trend of rising income inequality in Germany since the mid-1990s is strongly amplified when considering income after housing expenditure. The income share of housing expenditure rose disproportionally for the bottom income quintile and fell for the top quintile. Factors contributing to these trends include declining relative costs of homeownership versus renting, changes in household structure, declining real incomes for low-income households, and residential mobility towards larger cities. Younger cohorts spend more on housing and save less than older cohorts did at the same age, which will affect future wealth accumulation, particularly at the bottom of the income distribution.

Minimum Wage Effects on Household Income Distribution and the Labor Market

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Low Income Households

It is a mistake to believe that the minimum wage helps low-income households, the workers, and, to a lesser extent, even among the high-income households. For Hong Kong to genuinely address poverty, it is far more important to study much more comprehensively the real incidence and causes of poverty and not let politics get in the way. The provision of a basic income is a far better policy than a minimum wage. Has minimum wage made a difference in helping low-income households and reducing income inequality? What effect has it had on labor market employment and unemployment?

A Rising Tide Drowns Unstable Boats: How Inequality Creates Homelessness

2021 ◽  
Vol 693 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Byrne ◽  
Benjamin F. Henwood ◽  
Anthony W. Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Home Prices ◽  
Collateral Effect ◽  
Local Policies ◽  
Low Income Households

Is income inequality a driver of homelessness at the community level? We theorize that inequality affects homelessness both by crowding out low-income households from the rental market (what we call an “income channel”) and by causing home prices to rise (a “price channel”). We construct a dataset of information on inequality, homelessness, rent burden, and housing prices in 239 communities from 2007 to 2018 and use it to assess the income inequality–homelessness relationship. Our results suggest that income inequality is a significant driver of community homelessness and that the “income channel” is the more likely mechanism through which homelessness is created. We argue that broader policy efforts to reduce income inequality are likely to have the collateral effect of reducing homelessness, and we discuss the need for national and local policies to help low-income households afford housing.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Nemati ◽  
Ghasem Raisi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, improvement in income distribution and poverty eradication and hence low inequality are served as the main objectives of economic and social development strategy even prior than primary tasks of governments. to manifest importance of income distribution, some economists adopt income inequality and income distribution in society as criteria for economic system of the community, although these criteria and measures are theoretical for the economic system and this varies from the perspective of different people, however, it denotes on  importance of income distribution among individuals. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of economic growth on income inequality in the selection of low-income developing countries.To this end, using panel data and data for 28 developing countries over the period 1990-2010 the relationship between GDP and the Gini coefficient was examined. The results indicate that as per hypothesis Kuznets in the early stages of growth, income inequality increases and then it declines in later stage.

A Study on low-income Households Residential mobility patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Hee-Sun Joo ◽  
Su-Min Park ◽  
Chang-Mu Jung ◽  
Sang-il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Low Income Households

Energy Costs, Residential Mobility, and Segregation in a Shrinking City

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Katrin Großmann ◽  
Johan Buchholz ◽  
Carsten Buchmann ◽  
Christoph Hedtke ◽  
Carolin Höhnke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Shrinking City ◽  
Low Income Households

In debates related to energy poverty, the link to questions of residential segregation remains somewhat peripheral. Because, usually, only energy-poor households are at the focus and residential mobility is not addressed, the interdependencies between households’ energy costs and the residential segregation of cities remain out of sight. Concern that energy efficiency measures could foster socio-spatial segregation in cities has recently emerged in Germany. If only households with higher incomes can afford housing with high energy efficiency standards, whereas low income households tend to choose non-refurbished but, in sum, more affordable housing stock, an increasing concentration of poor households in poor housing conditions would result. German energy efficiency and CO2 reduction policies are relatively insensitive to such questions. Using survey data from a small shrinking city in Germany, we explore how energy costs are interrelated with residential location decisions and, thus, with segregation processes and patterns. Shrinking cities represent an interesting case because, here, a decreasing demand for housing stimulates residential mobility and paves the way for dynamic reconfigurations of socio-spatial patterns. We found that energy-related aspects of homes play a role in location decisions. Low income households seek to minimize housing costs in general, paying specific attention to heating systems, thermal insulation and costs. Resulting segregation effects depend very much on where affordable and, at the same time, energy-efficient housing stock is spatially concentrated in cities. These findings should be taken into consideration for future policies on energy in existing dwellings.

scholarly journals East Asian Strategies for Combating Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis of Redistributive Fiscal Policy Efforts in China and Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-123
Author(s):  
Katharina Menz
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Redistributive Policy ◽  
Income Disparities

AbstractBoth China and Korea face different stages of national income inequality as well as distinctive structures in their income distribution. However, not only do levels and structures of income inequality differ in China and Korea, but their measures to tackle income inequality inherently differ. This article investigates how the Chinese and Korean governments respond to income inequality in their countries by analysing fiscal policy on both the expenditure and taxation fronts. The findings show that both China and Korea have increased their redistributive efforts in the recent past; however, Korea’s commitment to tackling income inequality is stronger than that of China. Moreover, this article finds evidence for distinctive strategies for reducing income inequality in China and Korea. Responding to large income disparities at the bottom of the income distribution spectrum, the Chinese government tackles income inequality by supporting low income earners and reducing the tax burden for low income brackets. In contrast, given Korean income inequality can be largely explained by relatively large top income shares, the redistributive policy incorporates newly introduced social benefits excluding top income earners as well as income taxes aimed at the top of the income spectrum.

scholarly journals Global redistribution of income and household energy footprints: a computational thought experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Oswald ◽  
J.K. Steinberger ◽  
D. Ivanova ◽  
J. Millward-Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Household Energy Consumption

Non-technical summary Global income inequality and energy consumption inequality are related. High-income households consume more energy than low-income ones, and for different purposes. Here, we explore the global household energy consumption implications of global income redistribution. We show that global income inequality shapes not only inequalities of energy consumption but the quantity and composition of overall energy demand. Our results call for the inclusion of income distribution into energy system models, as well as into energy and climate policy. Technical summary Despite a rapidly growing number of studies on the relationship between inequality and energy, there is little research estimating the effect of income redistribution on energy demand. We contribute to this debate by proposing a simple but granular and data-driven model of the global income distribution and of global household energy consumption. We isolate the effect of income distribution on household energy consumption and move beyond the assumption of aggregate income–energy elasticities. First, we model expenditure as a function of income. Second, we determine budget shares of expenditure for a variety of products and services by employing product-granular income elasticities of demand. Subsequently, we apply consumption-based final energy intensities to product and services to obtain energy footprint accounts. Testing variants of the global income distribution, we find that the ‘energy costs’ of equity are small. Equitable and inequitable distributions of income, however, entail distinct structural change in energy system terms. In an equitable world, fewer people live in energy poverty and more energy is consumed for subsistence and necessities, instead of luxury and transport. Social media summary Equality in global income shifts household energy footprints towards subsistence, while inequality shifts them towards transport and luxury.

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