scholarly journals Incubation Period of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedoyin Awofisayo-Okuyelu ◽  
Julii Brainard ◽  
Ian Hall ◽  
Noel McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli are pathogenic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Severe infections could lead to life-threatening complications, especially in young children and the elderly. Understanding the distribution of the incubation period, which is currently inconsistent and ambiguous, can help in controlling the burden of disease. We conducted a systematic review of outbreak investigation reports, extracted individual incubation data and summary estimates, tested for heterogeneity, classified studies into subgroups with limited heterogeneity, and undertook a meta-analysis to identify factors that may contribute to the distribution of the pathogen’s incubation period. Twenty-eight studies were identified for inclusion in the review (1 of which included information on 2 outbreaks), and the resulting I2 value was 77%, indicating high heterogeneity. Studies were classified into 5 subgroups, with the mean incubation period ranging from 3.5 to 8.1 days. The length of the incubation period increased with patient age and decreased by 7.2 hours with every 10% increase in attack rate.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in bovine meat and meat products over the last 15 years in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Meat Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 108394
Author(s):  
Débora Cristina Sampaio de Assis ◽  
Thaís Michelle Liziere da Silva ◽  
Rommel Furst Brito ◽  
Lorraine Cássia Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
William Gustavo Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Meat Products

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis on the incubation period of Campylobacteriosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 2241-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. AWOFISAYO-OKUYELU ◽  
I. HALL ◽  
G. ADAK ◽  
J.I. HAWKER ◽  
S. ABBOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Mean

AbstractAccurate knowledge of pathogen incubation period is essential to inform public health policies and implement interventions that contribute to the reduction of burden of disease. The incubation period distribution of campylobacteriosis is currently unknown with several sources reporting different times. Variation in the distribution could be expected due to host, transmission vehicle, and organism characteristics, however, the extent of this variation and influencing factors are unclear. The authors have undertaken a systematic review of published literature of outbreak studies with well-defined point source exposures and human experimental studies to estimate the distribution of incubation period and also identify and explain the variation in the distribution between studies. We tested for heterogeneity using I2 and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, regressed incubation period against possible explanatory factors, and used hierarchical clustering analysis to define subgroups of studies without evidence of heterogeneity. The mean incubation period of subgroups ranged from 2·5 to 4·3 days. We observed variation in the distribution of incubation period between studies that was not due to chance. A significant association between the mean incubation period and age distribution was observed with outbreaks involving only children reporting an incubation of 1·29 days longer when compared with outbreaks involving other age groups.

scholarly journals The Effectivity of pH 4 Emulsion on Skin Barrier Function in The Elderly: A Systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
The Mean

Background: The pH of the skin surface is elevated in the elderly therefore it may cause impaired barrier function manifest as various cutaneous abnormalities, including xerosis, pruritus, dermatitis, and skin infections. Consequently, skin care products for the elderly should contain moisturizing ingredients which are formulated to normalize the skin surface pH. Application of pH 4 emulsion is potentially beneficial to improve barrier function in the elderly and promoting skin health. We aimed to determine the difference of effectiveness of pH 4 emulsion compared to identical non pH 4 emulsion on decreasing TEWL in the elderly. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of randomized clinical trials assessing the effects of pH 4 emulsion on skin barrier function in the elderly. Methods: Medline Pubmed, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, the reference list, conference proceedings, researchers in the field of eligible studies were searched. Four studies (n=98 subjects) were included in qualitative analysis of which two studies (n=45 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis. The mean age of the participants was 71.1 years old. Interventions use the application of pH 4 water in oil emulsion (n=2) and pH 4 oil in water emulsion (n=2). Duration of intervention (24 hours-7 weeks) and outcomes of interest varied among included studies. Results: Pooling of data using random-effects model found lower TEWL score in the pH 4 emulsion than in non pH 4 emulsion, with no significant difference (overall effect mean difference -0.068, 95% confidence interval -0.485 – 0.348, p = 0.11, I2=60.1, two RCTs). In addition to that, the qualitative analysis found that the application of pH 4 emulsion increased stratum corneum hydration, decreased skin surface roughness and scaliness, decreased DASI, and improved ICLL length and lamellar organization. Conclusion: The meta-analysis result of the mean differences of TEWL scores lowering effect between pH 4 emulsion and non pH 4 emulsion is statistically inconclusive. This is despite the observation that the pH 4 emulsion appears to be more effective comparatively. The qualitative analysis found that the application of pH 4 emulsion had improved skin barrier function in the elderly. Larger scale, well-designed RCTs assessing the effects of pH 4 emulsion on skin barrier function in the elderly, are still needed.

scholarly journals The incubation period during the pandemic of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Dhouib ◽  
Jihen Maatoug ◽  
Imen Ayouni ◽  
Nawel Zammit ◽  
Rim Ghammem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background The aim of our study was to determine through a systematic review and meta-analysis the incubation period of COVID-19. It was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Criteria for eligibility were all published population-based primary literature in PubMed interface and the Science Direct, dealing with incubation period of COVID-19, written in English, since December 2019 to December 2020. We estimated the mean of the incubation period using meta-analysis, taking into account between-study heterogeneity, and the analysis with moderator variables. Results This review included 42 studies done predominantly in China. The mean and median incubation period were of maximum 8 days and 12 days respectively. In various parametric models, the 95th percentiles were in the range 10.3–16 days. The highest 99th percentile would be as long as 20.4 days. Out of the 10 included studies in the meta-analysis, 8 were conducted in China, 1 in Singapore, and 1 in Argentina. The pooled mean incubation period was 6.2 (95% CI 5.4, 7.0) days. The heterogeneity (I2 77.1%; p < 0.001) was decreased when we included the study quality and the method of calculation used as moderator variables (I2 0%). The mean incubation period ranged from 5.2 (95% CI 4.4 to 5.9) to 6.65 days (95% CI 6.0 to 7.2). Conclusions This work provides additional evidence of incubation period for COVID-19 and showed that it is prudent not to dismiss the possibility of incubation periods up to 14 days at this stage of the epidemic.

scholarly journals Serial interval and incubation period of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluneh Alene ◽  
Leltework Yismaw ◽  
Moges Agazhe Assemie ◽  
Daniel Bekele Ketema ◽  
Wodaje Gietaneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serial Interval ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Understanding the epidemiological parameters that determine the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is essential for public health intervention. Globally, a number of studies were conducted to estimate the average serial interval and incubation period of COVID-19. Combining findings of existing studies that estimate the average serial interval and incubation period of COVID-19 significantly improves the quality of evidence. Hence, this study aimed to determine the overall average serial interval and incubation period of COVID-19. Methods We followed the PRISMA checklist to present this study. A comprehensive search strategy was carried out from international electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) by two experienced reviewers (MAA and DBK) authors between the 1st of June and the 31st of July 2020. All observational studies either reporting the serial interval or incubation period in persons diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in this study. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I2 and Higgins test. The NOS adapted for cross-sectional studies was used to evaluate the quality of studies. A random effect Meta-analysis was employed to determine the pooled estimate with 95% (CI). Microsoft Excel was used for data extraction and R software was used for analysis. Results We combined a total of 23 studies to estimate the overall mean serial interval of COVID-19. The mean serial interval of COVID-19 ranged from 4. 2 to 7.5 days. Our meta-analysis showed that the weighted pooled mean serial interval of COVID-19 was 5.2 (95%CI: 4.9–5.5) days. Additionally, to pool the mean incubation period of COVID-19, we included 14 articles. The mean incubation period of COVID-19 also ranged from 4.8 to 9 days. Accordingly, the weighted pooled mean incubation period of COVID-19 was 6.5 (95%CI: 5.9–7.1) days. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the weighted pooled mean serial interval and incubation period of COVID-19 were 5.2, and 6.5 days, respectively. In this study, the average serial interval of COVID-19 is shorter than the average incubation period, which suggests that substantial numbers of COVID-19 cases will be attributed to presymptomatic transmission.

scholarly journals Risk factors for sporadic infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 100117
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Augustin ◽  
Pauline Kooh ◽  
Lapo Mughini-Gras ◽  
Laurent Guillier ◽  
Anne Thébault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Associating sporadic, foodborne illness caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli with specific foods: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Devleesschauwer ◽  
S. M. Pires ◽  
I. Young ◽  
A. Gill ◽  
S. E. Majowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Case Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Case Control Studies

Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are a significant public health issue, with foodborne transmission causing >1 million illnesses worldwide each year. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registry # CRD42017074239), to determine the relative association of different food types with sporadic illnesses caused by STEC. Searches were conducted from 01 August to 30 September 2017, using bibliographic and grey literature databases, websites and expert consultation. We identified 22 case-control studies of sporadic STEC infection in humans, from 10 countries within four World Health Organization subregions, from 1985 to 2012. We extracted data from 21 studies, for 237 individual measures in 11 food categories and across three status types (raw or undercooked, not raw and unknown). Beef was the most significant food item associated with STEC illness in the Americas and Europe, but in the Western Pacific region, chicken was most significant. These findings were not significantly moderated by the raw or cooked status of the food item, nor the publication year of the study. Data from the African, South-East Asian and Eastern Mediterranean subregions were lacking and it is unclear whether our results are relevant to these regions.

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