scholarly journals 98 Takotsubo syndrome in COVID-19 era: is psycological distress the key?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Barbieri ◽  
Federica Galli ◽  
Barbara Conconi ◽  
Teresa Gregorini ◽  
Stefano Lucreziotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
First Case ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Psychological Examination ◽  
Stressful Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Covid-19 pandemic, starting from Wuhan, China has spread all over the word and Italy was one of the most affected countries, especially in Lombardy, where, on 20 February the first case was confirmed. Italian Government ordered a national lockdown on the 9 March 2020, forcing the population to severe restrictive isolation measures. The burden on mental health of the medical emergency related to COVID-19 is progressively been revealed. Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), is estimated to represent 1–3% of patients admitted with suspected STEMI, mostly affecting elderly women with emotional stress and/or acute illness preceding the presentation. Comparing patients hospitalized from February to May 2020 with those of the corresponding period in 2019 we observed a significantly increased number of TTS diagnosis in 2020 (11 patients in 2020 vs. 3 in 2019), especially during the first period of lockdown. The only two males were patients with COVID-19 and were the only two who died in hospital. At psychological examination all patients enrolled report to have lived a particularly stressful experience at IES-R in the last year, without presenting the symptoms of a post-traumatic stress disorder. Most patients were positive to the allostatic overload. Only one patient showed a clinical cut-off for HADS and no one for the fear COVID-19 scale. We finally concluded that subjects with pre-pandemic psychological distress may have experienced additional psychological overload, opening the door to TTS by a series of physiological alterations as the secretion of cortisol and catecholamines, making the subject more vulnerable to the onset of TTS.

Reactions to stressful experiences

2012 ◽  
pp. 153-175
Author(s):  
Philip Cowen ◽  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Tom Burns
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stressful Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Stressful Experiences

Chapter 8 begins with a description of the various components of the response to stressful events, including coping strategies and mechanisms of defence. The classification of reactions to stressful experience is discussed next. The various syndromes are then described, including acute stress reactions, post-traumatic stress disorder, special forms of response to severe stress, and adjustment disorders. The chapter ends with an account of special forms of adjustment reaction, including adjustment to bereavement (grief) and to terminal illness, and the problems of adults who experienced sexual abuse in childhood.

scholarly journals Stress and dementia

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Doyle ◽  
David Dunt ◽  
Philip Morris
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traumatic Incident

The causes of dementia continue to be the subject of huge research efforts, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has recently gained attention as a possible contributor. PTSD is considered to be present if the sufferer develops persistent re-experiencing, avoidance and emotional numbing and symptoms of increased arousal not present before the sufferer was exposed to a traumatic incident. PTSD is now classified in DSM-5 as a trauma- and stressor-related disorder, unlike DSM-IV where it was previously categorized as an anxiety disorder, lending it more prominence now as a stress-related condition. However, it remains placed near the anxiety, obsessive compulsive and dissociative disorders in recognition of the close relationship with these other diagnoses. The nosology of PTSD is interesting as the symptoms can vary considerably. Some individuals with PTSD exhibit anxious or fear-based symptoms, while others can experience anhedonic, dysphoric, aggressive or dissociative symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

Prazosin for nightmares in serious illness

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002594
Author(s):  
Wil Santivasi ◽  
Erin Taylor ◽  
April Christensen ◽  
Jacob Strand
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Palliative Medicine ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
First Case ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Nightmares can be a distressing symptom in patients living with serious illness. Prazosin, a selective alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist, has been suggested to treat nightmares, with most data supporting its use in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer who experienced healthcare-associated nightmares following hospitalisation. She did not meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Atypical antipsychotics and benzodiazepines were ineffective in controlling her nightmares, resulting in referral to our outpatient palliative medicine clinic. Prazosin was initiated alongside interdisciplinary psychosocial support, resulting in rapid resolution of her nightmares. To our knowledge, this is the first case to report on use of prazosin to manage nightmares in the outpatient palliative medicine setting.

scholarly journals Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescent victims of incest

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Vriska Putri Rakhmasari ◽  
Fuad Nashori ◽  
Yudi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Subject

Threats of sexual violence can occur anywhere, including in the family environment. The subject of this study was a fifteen-year-old adolescent girl diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder following an act of incest by her stepfather. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in the subject. The study used the single case-single subject A-B-A design. The intervention was trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy administered over 12 sessions. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder were measured using the Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (CPSS). Changes in the CPSS scores in the intervention and post-intervention processes showed that the post-traumatic stress disorder score changed from the moderate to the mild category. The decrease in the score was also evidenced by the results of the different pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention CPSS scores using Mann-Whitney nonparametric analysis. The study has implications for applying trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescent girls who have been victims of incest.

Twilight Learning Revisited1

Biofeedback ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Thomas H Budzynski
Keyword(s):  
Brain State ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Eeg Neurofeedback ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Brain States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Enhanced Learning

If you bring forth what is within you, what you bring forth will save you; if you do not bring forth what is within you, what you do not bring forth will destroy you. —Gnostic gospel The late Thomas Budzynski developed Twilight Learning technology in the 1970s. Twilight Learning utilizes EEG neurofeedback to train the subject to enter a theta rhythm dominant brain state (4–7 Herz), and then presents auditory “change messages” to the individual while in this hypersuggestible state. The article reviews the scientific background from which he developed the Twilight Learning technology, including research on hypersuggestibility and enhanced learning in “twilight brain states.” The author compares the Twilight Learning approach to the Peniston Protocol, which was shown to have well-documented therapeutic effects with alcoholism and post-traumatic stress disorder.

scholarly journals Harmful Effects of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Its Social Repercussions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Social Reaction ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes a global emergency, with a high impact on public health, including mental health. This situation currently represents a challenge for health professionals in all fields. In the absence of a definitive cure, the most effective measures to reduce the number of infected cases is those that involve social isolation and specifically the establishment of quarantines. Objective: To determine the psychological disorders most frequently presented during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: A bibliographic and documentary review was carried out on the subject in authorized digital data sources and websites of recognized scientific prestige on psychological and social aspects, linked to the epidemics that occurred historically and in particular to the Covid-19 pandemic. The consultations were made in Scopus, EBSCO Health, PubMed (search engine), SciELO and PsycINFO, with an emphasis on original articles and systematic reviews. For the search, the following keywords were used in English and Spanish: quarantine, social isolation, psychological impact, psychological and social reaction. Conclusions: Prolonged confinement and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible for the deterioration of mental health in some individuals, due to the post-traumatic stress that these conditions generate, manifesting itself more frequently by anxiety, depression, insomnia and panic. which has led to harmful behaviors and inappropriate social behaviors, explained in a general way by anxiety and panic of deficiencies, mainly food.

‘Human Nature is Remorseless’

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-136
Author(s):  
Avishek Parui
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Medical Discourses ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dual Functions

Post-traumatic stress is the subject of Avishek Parui’s essay. For Parui the male body emerges in Woolf’s novel as ‘the site where the biopolitical gaze enacts its corrective measures and its heavy-handed censorship of deviance’, and the broken spirit and destroyed mind of Septimus Warren Smith are marginalised by clear social and medical discourses of ‘proper’ masculinity as defined by a militarised culture. Smith is subject to a very clear disciplinary regime that reminds him of his duty to be a man: Parui suggests that this brings about not just suppression but erasure of the emotional life, making Smith less, not more, of a man. Ultimately the essay suggests that Woolf’s treatment of this coerced manliness represents an epistemic shift towards the more conscious engagement with the dual functions of interior and exterior selfhood that characterised the twentieth century.

Pharmacological treatment of refugees with trauma-related disorders: What do we know today?

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Sonne ◽  
Jessica Carlsson ◽  
Per Bech ◽  
Erik Lykke Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

There is a dearth of evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment for refugees with trauma-related disorders. The present paper provides an overview of available literature on the subject and discusses the transferability of results from studies on other groups of patients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We conducted a systematic review of published treatment outcome studies on PTSD and depression among refugees. Fifteen studies were identified and reviewed. Most studies focused on the use of antidepressants. Included studies differed widely in method and quality. The majority were observational studies and case studies. Small sample sizes limited the statistical power. Few studies reported effect sizes, confidence intervals, and statistical significance of findings. No specific pharmacological treatment for PTSD among refugees can be recommended on the basis of the available literature. There is a need for well-designed clinical trials, especially with newer antidepressants and antipsychotics. Until such studies are available, clinical practice and design of trials can be guided by results from studies of other groups of PTSD patients, although differences in pharmacogenetics, compliance, and trauma reactions may affect the direct transferability of results from studies on nonrefugee populations.

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