Prevalence and patterns of traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth: a 3-year retrospective overview study in Vienna

Objectives The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify the prevalence, patterns, and accident types of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children with primary teeth in Vienna, Austria. Material and methods The investigation was conducted as a retrospective overview study including all children with TDIs in primary teeth at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna (Austria) between 2014 and 2016. Dental records including age, gender, location of trauma, type of trauma, cause of TDI, and location of traumatic incident were obtained. Furthermore, the time of presentation and the time span between TDI and initial treatment were evaluated. Results The sample comprised TDIs in 243 patients with 403 primary teeth. In a ratio of 1:1.45, boys were significantly more involved than girls. Upper central and lateral incisors were most frequently affected (n = 371, 92.1%). Dislocations were the most common type of injury (n = 298, 74%) with subluxations being the most prevalent form (n = 85, 28.5%). In 23% (n = 92), fractures were observed. The majority of traumatic incidents occurred at home (88.5%). Conclusion The injury characteristics are comparable to what has previously been reported in other studies in pediatric populations. Clinical relevance TDIs are a prevalent event in children worldwide and incisors are the most affected teeth in the primary dentition. Thus, dental practitioners should be able to handle these injuries.

Isolated Pancreatic Injury Diagnosed Seven Months After Thoracoabdominal Trauma

We present a case of a closed thoracoabdominal trauma with pancreatic rupture. Closed abdominal trauma is one of the main causes for urgent hospitalization and emergency surgery. Injury of pancreatic ductal system is noted for the most severe course because of complications caused by outflow of the pancreatic juice into the retroperitoneal fat and the free abdominal cavity. One of the main factors affecting the efficacy of treatment is the time gap between a traumatic incident and hospitalization with subsequent surgical treatment. We report the results of management of a 53-year-old patient with closed thoracoabdominal injury and incomplete rupture of the pancreas, diagnosed 6 months after the “steering wheel” trauma. The injury was diagnosed with radiation techniques. Surgery included laparotomy, corporocaudal resection of the pancreas with splenectomy. The incidence of pancreatic traumatic injuries and the results of treatment are the matters for discussion.

Moral Resistance in Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

This case study illustrates with a detailed report the treatment of a person with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The therapist noted that the patient did not improve despite all the necessary psychological interventions taken, the patient’s request for treatment, and his commitment to the treatment. Enquiry revealed that the patient unconsciously preferred to continue suffering and feeling guilty towards his deceased so. The patient was suffering in order to preserve his loyalty to his deceased son, a phenomenon which we name moral resistance. PTSD Symptom Scale Interview (PSSI) was applied pre and post treatment and in follow-up. The Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) was the main therapeutic strategy, as well as Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). The study found significant effectiveness of TIR and REBT in treatment of moral resistance according to the PSSI scale. The total score decreased from 43, which indicated a very severe level of the disorder, to 10 a week after commencement of the treatment, and to 7 after a month. Scores of 4 was kept constant in 3- and 6- months follow-up.

Factors Influencing a Journalist’s Gatekeeping Role in the Coverage of Traumatic Incidents in Pakistan

This research study is designed to understand reporting traumatic incidents in Pakistani media and the individual level factors that influence a journalist’s decision while covering a traumatic incident and his/her decision of selecting information to include in or exclude from news.This study uses a qualitative research design to analyze the research question. The researcher used in-depth interviews with journalists in Peshawar and Tribal Districtsof Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Thirtyjournalists were recruited (news reporters, editors and photographers) working for media (print, broadcast and online), whose primary beat is ‘crime’ or “violentevents” along with other beats. The participants of the study were selected by purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Thematic Analysis as a method was used to analyze the data, i.e., interviews with journalists. Thedata was examined through the lens of the Hierarchy of Influences Model (HOI), which is an extension ofthe Gatekeeping Theory. The findingsshow thateducation, training, experience, focus on crime and conflict, newsworthiness of the story, self-promotion, and Job security influence a journalist’s decision while covering a traumatic incident in Pakistani media.

The Minor Prophets in Christianity

Due to Habakkuk’s ahistoricity, communities and interpreters throughout the ages have applied the prophetic book to their present situations and concerns. This essay follows in the interpretive footsteps of those who have come before by considering how Habakkuk might be a valuable resource to contemporary posttraumatic prophetic preachers in this present moment. Given the rising prevalence of mass shootings and gun violence in the United States, alongside seemingly endless occurrences of natural disasters, abuse, hate crimes, and other traumatic incidents, it is no longer a question of if a preacher or pastor will need to address trauma or a traumatized congregation, but when. The essay argues that Habakkuk may serve as a valuable resource to address contemporary homiletical concerns, specifically how preachers might conceive of “posttraumatic prophetic preaching” in the midst of congregations experiencing communal trauma. In particular, Habakkuk may help preachers as they seek to locate themselves and reflect on their communal responsibilities after a traumatic incident as well as provide an eschatological theological orientation from which to preach.

An educational intervention for improving knowledge of Syrian school children about avulsion using the "save your tooth" poster

Background The prognosis of replantation of an avulsed tooth is affected by the first aid management in the first 15 min after traumatic incident. Knowledge of the optimal management is crucial to successful replantation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational intervention using the Arabic version of the "save your tooth" poster designed by the International Association of Dental Traumatology IADT, in improving the knowledge of schoolchildren about first aid management of avulsion of permanent teeth. Methods An interventional educational study was undertaken. A total of 550 schoolchildren aged 9–12 years participated in this study. Thirteen public primary schools in Damascus city were selected. A questionnaire was developed to measure the knowledge of schoolchildren about avulsion of permanent teeth. The translated IADT education poster about avulsion management was adopted.The content of this poster was explained to the children. Two months later, the subjects were re-evaluated using the same questionnaire. Paired sample t-test was used to test the differences existed between the two assessments. Result A total of 537 schoolchildren completed the questionnaires in which (n = 305) 57% were females and (n = 232) 43% were males. The findings demonstrated significant improvement in the participants’ responses after interventional education (P < 0.05). The mean score of knowledge increased significantly from 3.71 at the baseline to 4.03 after the intervention (P < 0.003). Conclusion The findings of the present study showed that the level of knowledge of Syrian schoolchildren regarding first-aid management of avulsion of permanent teeth was limited at the baseline. The follow-up results showed that the educational intervention based on the “save your tooth” poster was significantly effective in improving the knowledge of schoolchildren. Further interventions to educate all Syrian schoolchildren about avulsion could be of great value to prevent its negative aesthetic, functional, psychological, economic impacts.

Teaching Compassionate Mind Training to help midwives cope with traumatic clinical incidents

Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) is taught to cultivate compassion and teach midwives how to care for themselves. The need to build midwives' resilience is recognised by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), who advocate that mental health coping strategies be embedded into the midwifery curriculum. In this respect, CMT can be used as a resilience-building method to help midwives respond to self-criticism and threat-based emotions with compassion. The underpinnings of CMT involve understanding that people can develop cognitive biases or unhelpful thinking patterns, co-driven by an interplay between genetics and the environment. Within this paper, the underpinning theory of CMT and how it can be used to balance psychological threat, drive, and soothing systems are outlined. To contextualise the application to midwifery practice, a traumatic incident has been discussed. Teaching CMT has the potential to improve professional quality of life, and reduce midwife absence rates and potential attrition from the profession.

Dislocation of the Mandible Condyle Towards the Middle Cranial Fossa: Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction: Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa is extremely rare in patients with craniofacial trauma. Methods: This report documents a case of an intact mandibular condyle intrusion into the middle cranial fossa in a 17-year-old woman following a traumatic incident treated by an intraoral approach that was performed to do an open reduction by condylectomy. Results: The causative mechanism, diagnostic features and a management option for reduction and treatment of these cases by performing a multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgery and oral maxillofacial surgery are presented in this report. Conclusion: Adequate radiographic examination, including Tomography and Magnetic Resonance, is necessary to obtain the proper diagnosis and to determine an effective management.

An Educational Intervention for Improving Knowledge of Syrian School children About Avulsion

Objective:The prognosis of replantation of an avulsed tooth is affected by the first aid management in the first 15 minutes after traumatic incident. Knowledge of the optimal management is crucial to successful replantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational intervention using the Arabic poster prize in improving the knowledge of primary schoolchildren about firstaid management of avulsion.Methods: An interventional educational study was undertaken. A total of 550 schoolchildren aged 9-12 years participated in this study. Thirteen public primary schools in Damascus city were chosen. A questionnaire was developed to measure the knowledge of schoolchildren about avulsion management. The translated IADT education poster about avulsion management was adopted .The content of this poster was explained to the children. Two months later, the subjects were re-evaluated using the same questionnaire. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the improvement of knowledge before and after.Result:A total of 537 schoolchildren completed the questionnaires in which (N=305(57% were females and (N=232) 43% were males. The findings demonstrated significant improvement in the participants’ responses after 8 weeks(P<0.05). The mean score of knowledge increased significantly from 3.71 in baseline to 4.03 after 8 weeks(P<0.003). Conclusion: The educational intervention showed significant improvement intheirknowledge of children about avulsion after education.This interventional method can be suggested as a practical valuable tool that can be generalized to cover all children in Syrian society in the hope to prevent negative consequences of avulsion.

Gamifying Motor Rehabilitation Therapies: Challenges and Opportunities of Immersive Technologies

Recovering from a traumatic incident (e.g, a stroke) implies rigorous and demanding therapies to ensure recovery of the lost capabilities. Due to the lack of short-term visible results, stroke patients tend to lose interest in their recovery process and frequently do not follow their therapists’ suggestions to continue performing their training at home, between physiotherapy sessions. This article explores the extent to which common computer games or specifically crafted games can serve as a rehabilitation practice, but also how conventional therapeutic devices might be transformed to be incorporated into games. Furthermore, we propose a platform that follows the opportunity of creating serious games that are designed for stroke patients with reduced upper limb mobility while following the same principles of common therapeutic procedures. This platform was carefully built with the purpose of allowing patients to comply tele-rehabilitation and promoting the execution of the recommended training at home. Following these ideas, we integrated two carefully designed games that have been tested and validated in our previous works, and we added a top-layer characterized by an online back-end application for therapists that allows them to observe their patients’ progress over time and draw different conclusions.