scholarly journals Early genotoxic effects from exposure to environmental pollutants young people from South Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lavorgna ◽  
S Angelillo ◽  
M Gentile ◽  
R Nugnes ◽  
E Orlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Young People ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Polluted Area ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes

Abstract Children and young people are particularly sensitive to the environmental pollution which is closely related to degenerative diseases. Several studies show that a genotoxic damage during young age can increase the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. The young people are more vulnerable than adults to the environmental pollutants because they spend more time outdoors, they have immaturity of some organs and of the mechanisms involved in the cellular repair. In the present study, the early biological effects of exposure to a particularly polluted area of Southern Italy were evaluated in 200 children (6-10 year-old) and 100 young people (18-25 year-old). This area, worldwide known as Sarno basin, is characterized by strong anthropization, many agro-food processing industries, massive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural practices and a strong river pollution. The comet assay was chosen because it reflects cumulative exposure to a variety of environmental factors and it was performed on salivary leukocytes in the children selected for the survey, while in the young people the DNA damage was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. As in previous studies were not find significant differences between salivary leukocytes and blood lymphocytes we preferred the sampling of saliva for the children to avoid bloody practices. Furthermore, before cell sampling the children's parents were interviewed using an ad hoc questionnaire designed to gather additional information about exposure sources. A questionnaire was administered also to the young people to have more information on their lifestyle and some characteristic of the area of exposure (vehicular traffic and so on). The results showed a clear damage from exposure in the children differently from young people. Key messages Comet assay was performed in vitro on lymphocytes of 200 children (6-10 year-old) and 100 young people (18-25 year-old) exposed to a particularly polluted area of Southern Italy. An evident DNA damage was observed in lymphocytes coming from children; no genetic material alterations were observed in young people.

Assessment of DNA damage in blood lymphocytes of bakery workers by comet assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 726-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Kianmehr ◽  
Jafar Hajavi ◽  
Javad Gazeri
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes

scholarly journals SMOKING GENOTOXICITY IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES USING THE COMET ASSAY

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 038-041
Author(s):  
Shobha S. Shetty ◽  
Hrishikesh Nachane
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tail Moment ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Smoking has been shown to have a positive effect on DNA damage in almost all the cells of the body. Quantitative analysis of this damage will help in assessing the etiopathogenesis of various nicotine induced damage to the body. Comet assay has been an emerging tool in this regard and hence was applied by us to estimate the severity of DNA damage in smokers. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the DNA genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes in smokers and their comparison with non smokers & assess the quantitative damage. Materials and methods: 30 smokers & 20 non smokers were recruited & their peripheral blood was taken for the comet assay to look for Olive moment & Tail moment to quantitatively assess the DNA damage due to cigarette smoking. Results: In our study there was no significant difference in the analysis of DNA damage (with regard to tail moment & olive moment) in smokers versus non smokers (P value: more than 0.05). Conclusions: Though smoking is known to cause DNA damage, we did not find significant differences between the two groups probably due to other multifactorial etiologies for genotoxicity.

Detection of DNA strand breaks by comet assay in sputum leucocytes of bitumen-exposed workers: A pilot study

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Marczynski ◽  
M. Raulf-Heimsoth ◽  
B. Pesch ◽  
B. Kendzia ◽  
HU Käfferlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Dna Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strand ◽  
Post Shift

DNA strand breaks were determined in leucocytes of induced sputum (IS) and compared with DNA strand breaks in blood lymphocytes from 42 bitumen-exposed workers pre and post shift. Comet assay results were expressed in arbitrary units based on visual scoring (sputum leucocytes) and Olive tail moment (OTM, blood lymphocytes). DNA damage in IS leucocytes was overall high but did not change during shift. Level of DNA strand breaks in IS samples correlated with total cell count and neutrophil content (Spearman rank correlation coefficient rs = 0.47, p = 0.001, rs= 0.48, p = 0.001, respectively) and with IL-8 concentration before and after shift (rs = 0.31, P = 0.048, and rs = 0.43, P = 0.005). DNA damage in IS was not associated with DNA strand breaks in blood lymphocytes (rs = —0.04, p = 0.802 before shift, rs = 0.27, p = 0.088 after shift). A higher level of DNA strand breaks was measured in blood lymphocytes before shift (median OTM 1.7 before and 1.3 after shift, p = 0.023). A strong correlation was found between the number of neutrophils and IL-8 concentration in IS before and after shift (rs = 0.77 and rs= 0.75, p < 0.001). This study showed an association between genotoxic and inflammatory effects in the lower airways and compared simultaneously DNA strand breaks in IS and blood of bitumen-exposed workers.

scholarly journals Effects of gamma-radiation on DNA damage in onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Bolsunovsky ◽  
D. V. Dementyev ◽  
T. S. Frolova ◽  
E. A. Trofimova ◽  
E. M. Iniatkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Allium Test

The effect of -radiation on the level of nuclear DNA damage in onion seedlings (Allium-test) was studied using the comet assay. DNA breaks were first found in cells of onion seedlings exposed to low-dose radiation ( 0,1 Gy). Dose dependence of DNA damage parameters showed nonlinear behavior: a linear section in the low-dose region (below 0,1 Gy) and a dose-independent plateau in the dose range between 1 and 5 Gy. Thus, the comet assay can be used to estimate the biological effects of low-dose gamma-radiation on Allium cepa seedlings.

Expression of critical genes used as prognostic biomarkers and DNA damage in lymphocytes from breast cancer patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10641-10641 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Franke ◽  
M. Agnoletto ◽  
J. Saffi ◽  
T. Guecheva
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Dna Damage And Repair ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes

10641 Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and its rate of mortality is still high. The increase knowledge of breast cancer biology is heaving great impact on determining the clinical prognosis and response to treatment. Impaired DNA repair may elevate the risk of malignant transformation of breast cells due to the accumulation of spontaneous mutations in target genes and increasing susceptibility to exogenous carcinogens. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between DNA damage and expression of some critical genes including TP53, c-ERBB2, ER (Estrogen Receptor) and PR (Progesterone Receptor) in breast cancer. Blood samples were obtained from female patients with diagnosed breast cancer before chemotherapy as well as from healthy individuals, and were processed in 24 hours. To evaluate the role of DNA repair in breast cancer we determined the level of DNA damage and the capacity to remove DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. For this purpose the alkaline version of the comet assay, which provides a sensitive tool to investigate DNA damage and repair, was applied. The level of basal DNA damage was higher in breast cancer patients compared to the control group. Considerable inter-individual variations of DNA damage and repair in breast cancer patients were observed both before and after the treatment. The correlation between DNA damage in peripheral blood and expression of p53, c-erbB-2, PR and ER was analyzed. This preliminary study indicates that the DNA damage accumulation, observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients in early stages, could be attributed to impaired DNA repair. Our results suggest that DNA damage, as evaluated by the comet assay, seems to be useful molecular biomarker for monitoring ongoing exposures to DNA damaging agents. Such a research on the mutagen sensitivity and efficacy of DNA repair could impact on the development of new diagnostic and screening strategies. Work Supported by FAPERGS and GENOTOX (UFRGS). No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Cytological assays for the evaluation of genotoxicity in plants: A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Sazada Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Assay ◽  
Aneugenic Effects

Plants model are recognized as excellent genetic models to detect environ-mental mutagens and are frequently used in xenomoitoring studies. Several assays such as chromosomal aberration assay, micronucleus assay and comet assay are used for detecting the mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of environmental pollutants. It is easily handled and has advantages over other short-term tests that require pervious preparation of tested samples as well as the addition of exogenous metabolic system. Plants model also enables to evaluate different end points such as chromosomal aberration assay (CAA), micronucleus assay (MNA) and comet assay (CA) that have been used to detect genotoxicity of environmental pollutants. In addition, plants model provides important information to evaluate action mechanisms of an agent about its effects on the genetic material (clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects). It has been widely used to assess the impacts caused by xenobiotic, characterizing an important tool for environmental monitoring studies. The present review describes the two important assays using plant models that are appropriate and efficient cytogenetic materials for the detection of geno-toxicity of environmental pollutants.

scholarly journals Genotoxic effects of diazinon on human peripheral blood lymphocytes / Genotoksično djelovanje diazinona na limfocite ljudske periferne krvi

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulya Dilek Gökalp Muranli ◽  
Martin Kanev ◽  
Kezban Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
High Level

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes following 24 and 48- hour exposure to a commercial diazinon formulation Basudin 60EM® at concentrations between 0.01 and 40 μg mL-1. For this purpose we used the micronucleus (MN), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Diazinon significantly increased the frequency of micronucleated cells compared to control. Forty-eight-hour exposure increased this frequency even at lower concentrations (0.01-10 μg mL-1). The FISH results revealed aneugenic effects at 10 μg mL-1. The comet assay also confirmed DNA damage at concentrations between 10 and 40 μg mL-1. Our findings have confirmed the genotoxic potential of diazinon and its cytotoxic effect on human lymphocytes. The increased DNA damage in our study raises concern about the current assessment of the health risk posed by this pesticide and calls for a high level of caution in agricultural and household use.

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