Drivers of richness and community composition of fungal endophytes of tree seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Franić ◽  
René Eschen ◽  
Eric Allan ◽  
Martin Hartmann ◽  
Salome Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Seed Endophytes ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Host Identity ◽  
Tree Seeds

ABSTRACT Recent studies revealed a high diversity of fungal endophytes in traded tree seeds, including potential plant pathogens. The factors determining richness and composition of seed mycobiomes are poorly understood, but might be an important determinant for tree health. We assessed the relative impact of host identity, site, several site-specific environmental factors, and whether the host was sampled in its native or non-native distribution range, on the richness and composition of fungal seed endophytes of nine tree species across 15 sites in Europe and North America. Our results show that fungal richness was affected by host identity, but not by environmental variables or host distribution range. Fungal community composition was primarily driven by host identity, and to a lesser extent by environment. Around 25% of the 2147 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generalists appearing on both continents and in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. Around 63% of the ASVs appeared in only gymnosperms or angiosperms, and 33% of the ASVs were associated with a single host species, while none were found in all tree species. Our results suggest that although seed trade might facilitate movements of fungi, their establishment and spread in the new environment might be limited by host availability.

scholarly journals Dominant Tree Species and Soil Type Affect the Fungal Community Structure in a Boreal Peatland Forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2632-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Eeva Terhonen ◽  
Andriy Kovalchuk ◽  
Hanna Tuovila ◽  
Hongxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Boreal Peatlands

ABSTRACTBoreal peatlands play a crucial role in global carbon cycling, acting as an important carbon reservoir. However, little information is available on how peatland microbial communities are influenced by natural variability or human-induced disturbances. In this study, we have investigated the fungal diversity and community structure of both the organic soil layer and buried wood in boreal forest soils using high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. We have also compared the fungal communities during the primary colonization of wood with those of the surrounding soils. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) confirmed that the community composition significantly differed between soil types (P< 0.001) and tree species (P< 0.001). The distance-based linear models analysis showed that environmental variables were significantly correlated with community structure (P< 0.04). The availability of soil nutrients (Ca [P= 0.002], Fe [P= 0.003], and P [P= 0.003]) within the site was an important factor in the fungal community composition. The species richness in wood was significantly lower than in the corresponding soil (P< 0.004). The results of the molecular identification were supplemented by fruiting body surveys. Seven of the genera ofAgaricomycotinaidentified in our surveys were among the top 20 genera observed in pyrosequencing data. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, fungal high-throughput next-generation sequencing study performed on peatlands; it further provides a baseline for the investigation of the dynamics of the fungal community in the boreal peatlands.

scholarly journals Host identity is a dominant driver of mycorrhizal fungal community composition during ecosystem development

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 1565-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura B. Martínez-García ◽  
Sarah J. Richardson ◽  
Jason M. Tylianakis ◽  
Duane A. Peltzer ◽  
Ian A. Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Ecosystem Development ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Host Identity

Influence of tree species and salvaged soils on the recovery of ectomycorrhizal fungi in upland boreal forest restoration after surface mining

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanon L. Hankin ◽  
Justine Karst ◽  
Simon M. Landhäusser
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Host Identity

Surface mining in the Canadian boreal forest involves the removal of vegetation and soils, resulting in the local loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are critical to ecosystem processes; however, their recovery following reclamation is not well understood. This study investigated the importance of reclamation cover soils (forest floor material, peat, and subsoil) and tree seedling species (Populus tremuloides Michx., Pinus banksiana Lamb., and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in structuring the community composition of EM fungi. We used 1-year-old seedlings to assay cover soils in the field for 3 months, and grew seedlings in each of the cover soils in a growth chamber assay for 5 months. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicated host identity structured the community composition of EM fungi in the field, while both host identity and cover soil influenced the composition of EM fungi in the growth chamber. However, pre-colonization of seedlings by nursery fungi complicates interpretation of field results. The rate of EM fungus colonization of seedlings collected across both assays was relatively low, approximately 23%. Our results indicate cover soils used in reclamation of surface-mined landscapes retain propagules of EM fungi, and using a wide variety of tree species in upland boreal forest restoration may increase the diversity of EM fungi recovered.

scholarly journals Tree Species Richness and Neighborhood Effects on Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Richness and Community Structure in Boreal Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveli Otsing ◽  
Sten Anslan ◽  
Elia Ambrosio ◽  
Julia Koricheva ◽  
Leho Tedersoo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Tree Species Richness ◽  
Ecm Fungi

Tree species identity is one of the key factors driving ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal richness and community composition in boreal and temperate forest ecosystems, but little is known about the influence of tree species combinations and their neighborhood effects on EcM communities. To advance our understanding of host plant effects on EcM fungi, the roots of silver birch, Scots pine, and Norway spruce were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing across mature boreal forest exploratory plots of monocultures and two- and three-species mixtures in Finland. Our analyses revealed that tree species identity was an important determinant of EcM fungal community composition, but tree species richness had no significant influence on EcM fungal richness and community composition. We found that EcM fungal community composition associated with spruce depends on neighboring tree species. Our study suggests that at a regional-scale tree species identity is the primary factor determining community composition of root-associated EcM fungi alongside with tree species composition effects on EcM fungal community of spruce in mixed stands.

scholarly journals Preferential associations of soil fungal taxa under mixed compositions of eastern American tree species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kutos ◽  
Elle M. Barnes ◽  
Arnav Bhutada ◽  
JD Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Functional Changes

Soil fungi are vital to forest ecosystem functions, in part through their role mediating tree responses to environmental factors, as well as directly through effects on resource cycling. While the distribution of these key taxa may vary with a suite of abiotic and biotic factors, the relative role of host species identity on soil fungal community composition and function remains unresolved. In this study, we used a combination of amplicon sequencing and enzymatic assays to assess soil fungal composition and associated function under three tree species, Quercus rubra, Betula nigra, and Acer rubrum, planted individually and in all combinations in a greenhouse, with added fungal inoculum collected below mature field trees. Across treatments, fungal communities were dominated by the phylum Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Nonetheless, fungal communities differed between each of the solo planted treatments, suggesting at least some taxa may associate preferentially with these tree species. Additionally, fungal community composition under mixed sapling treatments broadly differed from solo saplings. The data also suggests that there were larger enzymatic activities in the solo treatments as compared with all mixed treatments. This difference may be due to the greater relative abundance of saprobic taxa found in the solo treatments. This study provides evidence of the importance of tree identity on soil microbial communities and functional changes to forest soils.

Effects of clearcut logging and tree species composition on the diversity and community composition of epigeous fruit bodies formed by ectomycorrhizal fungi

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Durall ◽  
Sharmin Gamiet ◽  
Suzanne W. Simard ◽  
Lenka Kudrna ◽  
Stacey M. Sakakibara
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Russula Brevipes

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of stand age and tree species composition on the abundance, diversity, and community composition of epigeous fruit bodies formed by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in the Interior Cedar Hemlock zone of British Columbia. Fruit bodies were collected and identified in May, June, August, September, and October of 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 from transects located in new (5 year old) plantations and mature (75–125 year old) wild forests composed of relatively pure Betula papyrifera Marsh. (paper birch), relatively pure Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco (interior Douglas-fir), and mixtures of the two tree species. A total of 187 fungal taxa were collected during the study, of which 185 occurred in mature forests and only 17 occurred in the plantations. Thirty-four taxa were unique to mature predominantly birch forests, 35 were unique to mature predominantly Douglas-fir forests, 17 were unique to mixed mature forests, and 68 taxa were found in all three mature forest types. The abundance of fruit bodies in mature forests varied widely among sampling years and generally increased with annual precipitation. ECM species richness differed between stand ages but not among forest compositions in both plantations and mature forests. Lactarius glyciosmus , Hygrophorus eburneus var. eburneus , and Cortinarius armillatus were more abundant in mature birch than mature Douglas-fir forests. Lactarius torminosus , Leccinum scabrum var. scabrum , and Rozites caperatus were also found predominantly in mature birch and mixed forests, whereas Gomphidius subroseus was more abundant in Douglas-fir forests than in birch and mixed mature forests. Russula brevipes was also found predominantly in mature Douglas-fir and mixed forests. Our results indicate that clearcutting has a profound effect on abundance and composition of ECM fruit bodies, and that changes in forest tree species composition may lead to shifts in ECM fungal community composition.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity, Composition and Aboveground Biomass Across Dry Forest Land-Cover Types in Coastal Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292199541
Author(s):  
Xavier Haro-Carrión ◽  
Bette Loiselle ◽  
Francis E. Putz
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

Tropical dry forests (TDF) are highly threatened ecosystems that are often fragmented due to land-cover change. Using plot inventories, we analyzed tree species diversity, community composition and aboveground biomass patterns across mature (MF) and secondary forests of about 25 years since cattle ranching ceased (SF), 10–20-year-old plantations (PL), and pastures in a TDF landscape in Ecuador. Tree diversity was highest in MF followed by SF, pastures and PL, but many endemic and endangered species occurred in both MF and SF, which demonstrates the importance of SF for species conservation. Stem density was higher in PL, followed by SF, MF and pastures. Community composition differed between MF and SF due to the presence of different specialist species. Some SF specialists also occurred in pastures, and all species found in pastures were also recorded in SF indicating a resemblance between these two land-cover types even after 25 years of succession. Aboveground biomass was highest in MF, but SF and Tectona grandis PL exhibited similar numbers followed by Schizolobium parahyba PL, Ochroma pyramidale PL and pastures. These findings indicate that although species-poor, some PL equal or surpass SF in aboveground biomass, which highlights the critical importance of incorporating biodiversity, among other ecosystem services, to carbon sequestration initiatives. This research contributes to understanding biodiversity conservation across a mosaic of land-cover types in a TDF landscape.

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